{
"NDC": [
{
"NDCCode": "0064-1090-59",
"PackageDescription": "50 g in 1 BOTTLE (0064-1090-59)",
"NDC11Code": "00064-1090-59",
"ProductNDC": "0064-1090",
"ProductTypeName": "HUMAN OTC DRUG",
"ProprietaryName": "Ultracept",
"ProprietaryNameSuffix": "Antiseptic Handwash",
"NonProprietaryName": "Ethyl Alcohol",
"DosageFormName": "SOLUTION",
"RouteName": "TOPICAL",
"StartMarketingDate": "20091109",
"MarketingCategoryName": "OTC MONOGRAPH NOT FINAL",
"ApplicationNumber": "part333",
"LabelerName": "Healthpoint, Ltd.",
"SubstanceName": "ALCOHOL",
"StrengthNumber": ".7",
"StrengthUnit": "g/g",
"Status": "Deprecated",
"LastUpdate": "2014-04-28"
},
{
"NDCCode": "0064-1011-02",
"PackageDescription": "59 mL in 1 BOTTLE, PLASTIC (0064-1011-02)",
"NDC11Code": "00064-1011-02",
"ProductNDC": "0064-1011",
"ProductTypeName": "HUMAN OTC DRUG",
"ProprietaryName": "Actiprep",
"ProprietaryNameSuffix": "Preoperative Skin Preparation",
"NonProprietaryName": "Ethyl Alcohol",
"DosageFormName": "LOTION",
"RouteName": "TOPICAL",
"StartMarketingDate": "20011001",
"MarketingCategoryName": "OTC MONOGRAPH NOT FINAL",
"ApplicationNumber": "part333E",
"LabelerName": "HEALTHPOINT, LTD",
"SubstanceName": "ALCOHOL",
"StrengthNumber": ".79",
"StrengthUnit": "mL/mL",
"Status": "Deprecated",
"LastUpdate": "2017-09-13"
},
{
"NDCCode": "0064-1080-59",
"PackageDescription": "59 mL in 1 BOTTLE (0064-1080-59)",
"NDC11Code": "00064-1080-59",
"ProductNDC": "0064-1080",
"ProductTypeName": "HUMAN OTC DRUG",
"ProprietaryName": "Surgicept",
"ProprietaryNameSuffix": "Waterless, Surgical Handscrub And Healthcare Personnel Handwash",
"NonProprietaryName": "Ethyl Alcohol",
"DosageFormName": "SOLUTION",
"RouteName": "TOPICAL",
"StartMarketingDate": "20060101",
"MarketingCategoryName": "OTC MONOGRAPH NOT FINAL",
"ApplicationNumber": "part333E",
"LabelerName": "HEALTHPOINT, LTD",
"SubstanceName": "ALCOHOL",
"StrengthNumber": ".75",
"StrengthUnit": "mL/mL",
"Status": "Deprecated",
"LastUpdate": "2022-01-04",
"ProductNdcExcludeFlag": "N",
"ListingRecordCertifiedThrough": "20211231",
"IndicationAndUsage": "Surgical Hand Scrub: Significantly reduces the number of microorganisms on the hands and forearms prior to surgery or patient care. . Healthcare Personnel Handwash: Handwash to help reduce bacteria that potentially can cause disease. Recommended for repeated use. ."
},
{
"NDCCode": "0064-1100-59",
"PackageDescription": "50 g in 1 BOTTLE, PLASTIC (0064-1100-59)",
"NDC11Code": "00064-1100-59",
"ProductNDC": "0064-1100",
"ProductTypeName": "HUMAN OTC DRUG",
"ProprietaryName": "Outlast",
"ProprietaryNameSuffix": "Long-lasting Hand Sanitizer",
"NonProprietaryName": "Ethyl Alcohol",
"DosageFormName": "SOLUTION",
"RouteName": "TOPICAL",
"StartMarketingDate": "20100601",
"MarketingCategoryName": "OTC MONOGRAPH NOT FINAL",
"ApplicationNumber": "part333",
"LabelerName": "HEALTHPOINT, LTD",
"SubstanceName": "ALCOHOL",
"StrengthNumber": ".7",
"StrengthUnit": "g/g",
"Status": "Deprecated",
"LastUpdate": "2014-04-22"
},
{
"NDCCode": "57955-0064-2",
"PackageDescription": "59 mL in 1 BOTTLE, SPRAY (57955-0064-2)",
"NDC11Code": "57955-0064-02",
"ProductNDC": "57955-0064",
"ProductTypeName": "HUMAN OTC DRUG",
"ProprietaryName": "Artery/cholesterol/bp",
"NonProprietaryName": "Aurum Metallicum, Aurum Muriaticum Natronatum, Baryta Carbonica, Baryta Muriatica, Calcarea Fluorica, Ceanothus Americanus, Cholesterinum, Glonoinum, Plumbum Iodatum, Strophanthus Hispidus",
"DosageFormName": "LIQUID",
"RouteName": "ORAL",
"StartMarketingDate": "20140417",
"MarketingCategoryName": "UNAPPROVED HOMEOPATHIC",
"LabelerName": "King Bio Inc.",
"SubstanceName": "GOLD; SODIUM TETRACHLOROAURATE; BARIUM CARBONATE; BARIUM CHLORIDE DIHYDRATE; CALCIUM FLUORIDE; CEANOTHUS AMERICANUS LEAF; CHOLESTEROL; NITROGLYCERIN; LEAD IODIDE; STROPHANTHUS HISPIDUS SEED",
"StrengthNumber": "10; 10; 10; 10; 10; 10; 10; 10; 10; 10",
"StrengthUnit": "[hp_X]/59mL; [hp_X]/59mL; [hp_X]/59mL; [hp_X]/59mL; [hp_X]/59mL; [hp_X]/59mL; [hp_X]/59mL; [hp_X]/59mL; [hp_X]/59mL; [hp_X]/59mL",
"Status": "Deprecated",
"LastUpdate": "2019-09-21",
"ProductNdcExcludeFlag": "E",
"ListingRecordCertifiedThrough": "20181231",
"IndicationAndUsage": "Uses for temporary relief of: rapid, feeble, or irregular pulse, palpitations, stiffening of arteries, enlarged veins, throbbing or labored heartbeat."
},
{
"NDCCode": "62756-064-59",
"PackageDescription": "1 BLISTER PACK in 1 CARTON (62756-064-59) / 7 CAPSULE in 1 BLISTER PACK",
"NDC11Code": "62756-0064-59",
"ProductNDC": "62756-064",
"ProductTypeName": "HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG",
"ProprietaryName": "Fingolimod",
"NonProprietaryName": "Fingolimod",
"DosageFormName": "CAPSULE",
"RouteName": "ORAL",
"StartMarketingDate": "20221025",
"MarketingCategoryName": "ANDA",
"ApplicationNumber": "ANDA208014",
"LabelerName": "Sun Pharmaceutical Industries, Inc.",
"SubstanceName": "FINGOLIMOD HYDROCHLORIDE",
"StrengthNumber": ".5",
"StrengthUnit": "mg/1",
"Pharm_Classes": "Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Receptor Modulators [MoA], Sphingosine 1-phosphate Receptor Modulator [EPC]",
"Status": "Active",
"LastUpdate": "2025-09-23",
"PackageNdcExcludeFlag": "N",
"ProductNdcExcludeFlag": "N",
"ListingRecordCertifiedThrough": "20261231",
"StartMarketingDatePackage": "20221025",
"SamplePackage": "N",
"IndicationAndUsage": "Fingolimod capsules are indicated for the treatment of relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (MS), to include clinically isolated syndrome, relapsing-remitting disease, and active secondary progressive disease, in patients 10 years of age and older.",
"Description": "Fingolimod is a sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulator. Chemically, fingolimod is 2-amino-2-[2-(4-octylphenyl)ethyl]propan-1,3-diol hydrochloride. Its structure is shown below. Fingolimod hydrochloride is a white to off white powder that is freely soluble in water and alcohol and soluble in propylene glycol. It has a molecular weight of 343.93 g/mol. Fingolimod is provided as 0.5 mg hard gelatin capsules for oral use. Each capsule contains 0.56 mg of fingolimod hydrochloride, USP equivalent to 0.5 mg of fingolimod. Each fingolimod 0.5 mg capsule contains the following inactive ingredients: colloidal silicon dioxide, crospovidone, magnesium stearate and polacrilin potassium. Components of the gelatin capsule include gelatin, iron oxide yellow, sodium lauryl sulfate, titanium dioxide and water. The imprinting black ink contains black iron oxide, butyl alcohol, potassium hydroxide, propylene glycol, shellac and strong ammonia solution."
},
{
"NDCCode": "64578-0064-1",
"PackageDescription": "59.1 mL in 1 BOTTLE, DROPPER (64578-0064-1) ",
"NDC11Code": "64578-0064-01",
"ProductNDC": "64578-0064",
"ProductTypeName": "HUMAN OTC DRUG",
"ProprietaryName": "Hepata-chord",
"NonProprietaryName": "Homeopathic Liquid",
"DosageFormName": "LIQUID",
"RouteName": "ORAL",
"StartMarketingDate": "20141117",
"MarketingCategoryName": "UNAPPROVED HOMEOPATHIC",
"LabelerName": "Energetix Corp",
"SubstanceName": "ACETIC ACID; ALUMINUM OXIDE; ARCTIUM LAPPA ROOT; ASPIRIN; BENZENE; BERBERIS VULGARIS ROOT BARK; BOS TAURUS HYPOTHALAMUS; CENTELLA ASIATICA; CHELIDONIUM MAJUS; CHELONE GLABRA; CHLORAMPHENICOL; CHLORPROMAZINE; CHOLESTEROL; CORTISONE ACETATE; ESTRONE; GAMBOGE; KEROSENE; MILK THISTLE; PARAFFIN; PHENACETIN; PHOSPHORUS; PORK LIVER; SILICON DIOXIDE; SODIUM SULFATE; TARAXACUM OFFICINALE; THYROID, UNSPECIFIED",
"StrengthNumber": "18; 18; 4; 18; 12; 4; 12; 5; 4; 12; 18; 18; 12; 18; 18; 12; 18; 4; 18; 18; 12; 9; 12; 12; 4; 9",
"StrengthUnit": "[hp_X]/59.1mL; [hp_X]/59.1mL; [hp_X]/59.1mL; [hp_X]/59.1mL; [hp_X]/59.1mL; [hp_X]/59.1mL; [hp_X]/59.1mL; [hp_X]/59.1mL; [hp_X]/59.1mL; [hp_X]/59.1mL; [hp_X]/59.1mL; [hp_X]/59.1mL; [hp_X]/59.1mL; [hp_X]/59.1mL; [hp_X]/59.1mL; [hp_X]/59.1mL; [hp_X]/59.1mL; [hp_X]/59.1mL; [hp_X]/59.1mL; [hp_X]/59.1mL; [hp_X]/59.1mL; [hp_X]/59.1mL; [hp_X]/59.1mL; [hp_X]/59.1mL; [hp_X]/59.1mL; [hp_X]/59.1mL",
"Pharm_Classes": "Amphenicol-class Antibacterial [EPC], Amphenicols [EXT], Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal [CS], Corticosteroid Hormone Receptor Agonists [MoA], Corticosteroid [EPC], Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors [MoA], Decreased Platelet Aggregation [PE], Decreased Prostaglandin Production [PE], Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug [EPC], Phenothiazine [EPC], Phenothiazines [CS], Platelet Aggregation Inhibitor [EPC]",
"Status": "Deprecated",
"LastUpdate": "2026-01-01",
"PackageNdcExcludeFlag": "N",
"ProductNdcExcludeFlag": "N",
"ListingRecordCertifiedThrough": "20251231",
"StartMarketingDatePackage": "20160601",
"SamplePackage": "N",
"IndicationAndUsage": "Uses. Temporary relief of skin rash, right-side abdominal discomfort, headache."
},
{
"NDCCode": "66579-0064-2",
"PackageDescription": "59 mL in 1 BOTTLE, SPRAY (66579-0064-2)",
"NDC11Code": "66579-0064-02",
"ProductNDC": "66579-0064",
"ProductTypeName": "HUMAN OTC DRUG",
"ProprietaryName": "Constitutional Immuno",
"NonProprietaryName": "Aconitum Napellus, Arsenicum Album,baryta Carbonica, Bryonia, Calcarea Carbonica, Cantharis, Gelsemium Sempervirens, Graphites, Hydrastis Canadensis, Kali Carbonicum, Lachesis Mutus, Lycopodium Clavatum, Mercurius Vivus, Natrum Muriaticum, Nux Vomica, Phosphorus, Phytolacca Decandra, Pulsatilla, Rhus Toxicodendron, Sepia, Silicea, Sulphur",
"DosageFormName": "LIQUID",
"RouteName": "ORAL",
"StartMarketingDate": "20140730",
"MarketingCategoryName": "UNAPPROVED HOMEOPATHIC",
"LabelerName": "New Sun Inc.",
"SubstanceName": "ACONITUM NAPELLUS; ARSENIC TRIOXIDE; BARIUM CARBONATE; BRYONIA ALBA ROOT; OYSTER SHELL CALCIUM CARBONATE, CRUDE; LYTTA VESICATORIA; GELSEMIUM SEMPERVIRENS ROOT; GRAPHITE; GOLDENSEAL; POTASSIUM CARBONATE; LACHESIS MUTA VENOM; LYCOPODIUM CLAVATUM SPORE; MERCURY; SODIUM CHLORIDE; STRYCHNOS NUX-VOMICA SEED; PHOSPHORUS; PHYTOLACCA AMERICANA ROOT; PULSATILLA VULGARIS; TOXICODENDRON PUBESCENS LEAF; SEPIA OFFICINALIS JUICE; SILICON DIOXIDE; SULFUR",
"StrengthNumber": "30; 30; 30; 30; 30; 30; 30; 30; 30; 30; 30; 30; 30; 30; 30; 30; 30; 30; 30; 30; 30; 30",
"StrengthUnit": "[hp_X]/59mL; [hp_X]/59mL; [hp_X]/59mL; [hp_X]/59mL; [hp_X]/59mL; [hp_X]/59mL; [hp_X]/59mL; [hp_X]/59mL; [hp_X]/59mL; [hp_X]/59mL; [hp_X]/59mL; [hp_X]/59mL; [hp_X]/59mL; [hp_X]/59mL; [hp_X]/59mL; [hp_X]/59mL; [hp_X]/59mL; [hp_X]/59mL; [hp_X]/59mL; [hp_X]/59mL; [hp_X]/59mL; [hp_X]/59mL",
"Status": "Deprecated",
"LastUpdate": "2019-09-21",
"ProductNdcExcludeFlag": "E",
"ListingRecordCertifiedThrough": "20181231",
"IndicationAndUsage": "Indications: A NATURAL AID FOR STRENGTHENING THE FUNCTIONS OF INNER SYSTEMS INCLUDING: 1 immune, 2 nervous, 3 digestive, 4 cardiovascular, 5 respiratory, 6 reproductive, 7 musculoskeletal, 8 lymphatic, 9 skin, 10 detoxification."
},
{
"NDCCode": "50804-064-02",
"PackageDescription": "59 mL in 1 TUBE (50804-064-02) ",
"NDC11Code": "50804-0064-02",
"ProductNDC": "50804-064",
"ProductTypeName": "HUMAN OTC DRUG",
"ProprietaryName": "Goodsense Anti-itch",
"NonProprietaryName": "Diphenhydramine Hcl, Zinc Acetate",
"DosageFormName": "SPRAY",
"RouteName": "TOPICAL",
"StartMarketingDate": "20250501",
"MarketingCategoryName": "OTC MONOGRAPH DRUG",
"ApplicationNumber": "M017",
"LabelerName": "Geiss, Destin & Dunn, Inc",
"SubstanceName": "DIPHENHYDRAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE; ZINC ACETATE",
"StrengthNumber": "2; .1",
"StrengthUnit": "g/100mL; g/100mL",
"Pharm_Classes": "Copper Absorption Inhibitor [EPC], Decreased Copper Ion Absorption [PE], Histamine H1 Receptor Antagonists [MoA], Histamine-1 Receptor Antagonist [EPC]",
"Status": "Active",
"LastUpdate": "2025-05-01",
"PackageNdcExcludeFlag": "N",
"ProductNdcExcludeFlag": "N",
"ListingRecordCertifiedThrough": "20261231",
"StartMarketingDatePackage": "20250501",
"SamplePackage": "N",
"IndicationAndUsage": "For the temporary relief of pain and itching associated with rashes due to poison ivy, oak and sumac, insect bites, minor skin irritations, minor cuts, dries the oozing and weeping of poison ivy, oak and sumac."
},
{
"NDCCode": "54860-064-01",
"PackageDescription": "59 mL in 1 BOTTLE (54860-064-01)",
"NDC11Code": "54860-0064-01",
"ProductNDC": "54860-064",
"ProductTypeName": "HUMAN OTC DRUG",
"ProprietaryName": "Scented Hand Sanitizer",
"NonProprietaryName": "Benzalkonium Chloride",
"DosageFormName": "GEL",
"RouteName": "TOPICAL",
"StartMarketingDate": "20170117",
"MarketingCategoryName": "OTC MONOGRAPH NOT FINAL",
"ApplicationNumber": "part333E",
"LabelerName": "Shenzhen Lantern Science Co., Ltd.",
"SubstanceName": "BENZALKONIUM CHLORIDE",
"StrengthNumber": "1",
"StrengthUnit": "g/59mL",
"Status": "Deprecated",
"LastUpdate": "2022-01-04",
"ProductNdcExcludeFlag": "N",
"ListingRecordCertifiedThrough": "20211231",
"IndicationAndUsage": "Hand Sanitizer."
},
{
"NDCCode": "72005-064-01",
"PackageDescription": "59 mL in 1 BOTTLE, PLASTIC (72005-064-01) ",
"NDC11Code": "72005-0064-01",
"ProductNDC": "72005-064",
"ProductTypeName": "HUMAN OTC DRUG",
"ProprietaryName": "Frozen Bubble Gum Scented Hand Sanitizer",
"ProprietaryNameSuffix": "01",
"NonProprietaryName": "Chloroxylenol",
"DosageFormName": "LIQUID",
"RouteName": "TOPICAL",
"StartMarketingDate": "20200515",
"EndMarketingDate": "20230531",
"MarketingCategoryName": "OTC MONOGRAPH NOT FINAL",
"ApplicationNumber": "part333A",
"LabelerName": "Townley Inc.",
"SubstanceName": "CHLOROXYLENOL",
"StrengthNumber": ".015",
"StrengthUnit": "g/100mL",
"Status": "Deprecated",
"LastUpdate": "2021-04-21",
"PackageNdcExcludeFlag": "N",
"ProductNdcExcludeFlag": "N",
"StartMarketingDatePackage": "20200515",
"EndMarketingDatePackage": "20230531",
"SamplePackage": "N"
},
{
"NDCCode": "76383-064-01",
"PackageDescription": "59 mL in 1 BOTTLE, PLASTIC (76383-064-01) ",
"NDC11Code": "76383-0064-01",
"ProductNDC": "76383-064",
"ProductTypeName": "HUMAN OTC DRUG",
"ProprietaryName": "Frozen Blueberry Scented Hand Sanitizer",
"ProprietaryNameSuffix": "01",
"NonProprietaryName": "Chloroxylenol",
"DosageFormName": "LIQUID",
"RouteName": "TOPICAL",
"StartMarketingDate": "20200515",
"MarketingCategoryName": "OTC MONOGRAPH NOT FINAL",
"ApplicationNumber": "part333A",
"LabelerName": "BBC GROUP LIMITED",
"SubstanceName": "CHLOROXYLENOL",
"StrengthNumber": ".015",
"StrengthUnit": "g/100mL",
"Status": "Deprecated",
"LastUpdate": "2022-01-04",
"PackageNdcExcludeFlag": "N",
"ProductNdcExcludeFlag": "N",
"ListingRecordCertifiedThrough": "20211231",
"StartMarketingDatePackage": "20200515",
"SamplePackage": "N",
"IndicationAndUsage": "To decrease bacteria on the skin that could cause disease."
},
{
"NDCCode": "80684-064-02",
"PackageDescription": "59 mL in 1 BOTTLE (80684-064-02) ",
"NDC11Code": "80684-0064-02",
"ProductNDC": "80684-064",
"ProductTypeName": "HUMAN OTC DRUG",
"ProprietaryName": "Pumpkin Spice Scented Clip On Hand Sanitizer",
"NonProprietaryName": "Alcohol",
"DosageFormName": "GEL",
"RouteName": "TOPICAL",
"StartMarketingDate": "20220510",
"MarketingCategoryName": "OTC MONOGRAPH DRUG",
"ApplicationNumber": "505G(a)(3)",
"LabelerName": "Fourstar Group USA, Inc.",
"SubstanceName": "ALCOHOL",
"StrengthNumber": "70",
"StrengthUnit": "mL/100mL",
"Status": "Active",
"LastUpdate": "2023-10-28",
"PackageNdcExcludeFlag": "N",
"ProductNdcExcludeFlag": "N",
"ListingRecordCertifiedThrough": "20261231",
"StartMarketingDatePackage": "20220510",
"SamplePackage": "N",
"IndicationAndUsage": "hand sanitizer to help reduce bacteria on skin."
},
{
"NDCCode": "0074-4456-04",
"PackageDescription": "250 mL in 1 BOTTLE, PLASTIC (0074-4456-04) ",
"NDC11Code": "00074-4456-04",
"ProductNDC": "0074-4456",
"ProductTypeName": "HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG",
"ProprietaryName": "Ultane",
"NonProprietaryName": "Sevoflurane",
"DosageFormName": "LIQUID",
"RouteName": "RESPIRATORY (INHALATION)",
"StartMarketingDate": "19950607",
"MarketingCategoryName": "NDA",
"ApplicationNumber": "NDA020478",
"LabelerName": "AbbVie Inc.",
"SubstanceName": "SEVOFLURANE",
"StrengthNumber": "250",
"StrengthUnit": "mL/250mL",
"Pharm_Classes": "General Anesthesia [PE], General Anesthetic [EPC]",
"Status": "Active",
"LastUpdate": "2025-02-14",
"PackageNdcExcludeFlag": "N",
"ProductNdcExcludeFlag": "N",
"ListingRecordCertifiedThrough": "20261231",
"StartMarketingDatePackage": "19950607",
"SamplePackage": "N",
"IndicationAndUsage": "ULTANE is indicated for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia in adult and pediatric patients for inpatient and outpatient surgery. ULTANE should be administered only by persons trained in the administration of general anesthesia. Facilities for maintenance of a patent airway, artificial ventilation, oxygen enrichment, and circulatory resuscitation must be immediately available. Since level of anesthesia may be altered rapidly, only vaporizers producing predictable concentrations of sevoflurane should be used.",
"Description": "ULTANE (sevoflurane), volatile liquid for inhalation, a nonflammable and nonexplosive liquid administered by vaporization, is a halogenated general inhalation anesthetic drug. Sevoflurane is fluoromethyl 2,2,2,-trifluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl) ethyl ether and its structural formula is:. Sevoflurane is nonflammable and nonexplosive as defined by the requirements of International Electrotechnical Commission 601-2-13. Sevoflurane is a clear, colorless, liquid containing no additives. Sevoflurane is not corrosive to stainless steel, brass, aluminum, nickel-plated brass, chrome-plated brass or copper beryllium. Sevoflurane is nonpungent. It is miscible with ethanol, ether, chloroform, and benzene, and it is slightly soluble in water. Sevoflurane is stable when stored under normal room lighting conditions according to instructions. No discernible degradation of sevoflurane occurs in the presence of strong acids or heat. When in contact with alkaline CO2 absorbents (e.g., Baralyme® and to a lesser extent soda lime) within the anesthesia machine, sevoflurane can undergo degradation under certain conditions. Degradation of sevoflurane is minimal, and degradants are either undetectable or present in non-toxic amounts when used as directed with fresh absorbents. Sevoflurane degradation and subsequent degradant formation are enhanced by increasing absorbent temperature increased sevoflurane concentration, decreased fresh gas flow and desiccated CO2 absorbents (especially with potassium hydroxide containing absorbents e.g., Baralyme). Sevoflurane alkaline degradation occurs by two pathways. The first results from the loss of hydrogen fluoride with the formation of pentafluoroisopropenyl fluoromethyl ether, (PIFE, C4H2F6O), also known as Compound A, and trace amounts of pentafluoromethoxy isopropyl fluoromethyl ether, (PMFE, C5H6F6O), also known as Compound B. The second pathway for degradation of sevoflurane, which occurs primarily in the presence of desiccated CO2 absorbents, is discussed later. In the first pathway, the defluorination pathway, the production of degradants in the anesthesia circuit results from the extraction of the acidic proton in the presence of a strong base (KOH and/or NaOH) forming an alkene (Compound A) from sevoflurane similar to formation of 2-bromo-2-chloro-1,1-difluoro ethylene (BCDFE) from halothane. Laboratory simulations have shown that the concentration of these degradants is inversely correlated with the fresh gas flow rate (See Figure 1). Since the reaction of carbon dioxide with absorbents is exothermic, the temperature increase will be determined by quantities of CO2 absorbed, which in turn will depend on fresh gas flow in the anesthesia circle system, metabolic status of the patient, and ventilation. The relationship of temperature produced by varying levels of CO2 and Compound A production is illustrated in the following in vitro simulation where CO2 was added to a circle absorber system. Compound A concentration in a circle absorber system increases as a function of increasing CO2 absorbent temperature and composition (Baralyme producing higher levels than soda lime), increased body temperature, and increased minute ventilation, and decreasing fresh gas flow rates. It has been reported that the concentration of Compound A increases significantly with prolonged dehydration of Baralyme. Compound A exposure in patients also has been shown to rise with increased sevoflurane concentrations and duration of anesthesia. In a clinical study in which sevoflurane was administered to patients under low flow conditions for ≥ 2 hours at flow rates of 1 Liter/minute, Compound A levels were measured in an effort to determine the relationship between MAC hours and Compound A levels produced. The relationship between Compound A levels and sevoflurane exposure are shown in Figure 2a. Compound A has been shown to be nephrotoxic in rats after exposures that have varied in duration from one to three hours. No histopathologic change was seen at a concentration of up to 270 ppm for one hour. Sporadic single cell necrosis of proximal tubule cells has been reported at a concentration of 114 ppm after a 3-hour exposure to Compound A in rats. The LC50 reported at 1 hour is 1050-1090 ppm (male-female) and, at 3 hours, 350-490 ppm (male-female). An experiment was performed comparing sevoflurane plus 75 or 100 ppm Compound A with an active control to evaluate the potential nephrotoxicity of Compound A in non-human primates. A single 8-hour exposure of Sevoflurane in the presence of Compound A produced single-cell renal tubular degeneration and single-cell necrosis in cynomolgus monkeys. These changes are consistent with the increased urinary protein, glucose level and enzymic activity noted on days one and three on the clinical pathology evaluation. This nephrotoxicity produced by Compound A is dose and duration of exposure dependent. At a fresh gas flow rate of 1 L/min, mean maximum concentrations of Compound A in the anesthesia circuit in clinical settings are approximately 20 ppm (0.002%) with soda lime and 30 ppm (0.003%) with Baralyme in adult patients; mean maximum concentrations in pediatric patients with soda lime are about half those found in adults. The highest concentration observed in a single patient with Baralyme was 61 ppm (0.0061%) and 32 ppm (0.0032%) with soda lime. The levels of Compound A at which toxicity occurs in humans is not known. The second pathway for degradation of sevoflurane occurs primarily in the presence of desiccated CO2 absorbents and leads to the dissociation of sevoflurane into hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) and formaldehyde. HFIP is inactive, non-genotoxic, rapidly glucuronidated and cleared by the liver. Formaldehyde is present during normal metabolic processes. Upon exposure to a highly desiccated absorbent, formaldehyde can further degrade into methanol and formate. Formate can contribute to the formation of carbon monoxide in the presence of high temperature that can be associated with desiccated Baralyme®. Methanol can react with Compound A to form the methoxy addition product Compound B. Compound B can undergo further HF elimination to form Compounds C, D, and E. Sevoflurane degradants were observed in the respiratory circuit of an experimental anesthesia machine using desiccated CO2 absorbents and maximum sevoflurane concentrations (8%) for extended periods of time (> 2 hours). Concentrations of formaldehyde observed with desiccated soda lime in this experimental anesthesia respiratory circuit were consistent with levels that could potentially result in respiratory irritation. Although KOH containing CO2 absorbents are no longer commercially available, in the laboratory experiments, exposure of sevoflurane to the desiccated KOH containing CO2 absorbent, Baralyme, resulted in the detection of substantially greater degradant levels."
},
{
"NDCCode": "0074-4456-51",
"PackageDescription": "250 mL in 1 BOTTLE, PLASTIC (0074-4456-51) ",
"NDC11Code": "00074-4456-51",
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"IndicationAndUsage": "ULTANE is indicated for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia in adult and pediatric patients for inpatient and outpatient surgery. ULTANE should be administered only by persons trained in the administration of general anesthesia. Facilities for maintenance of a patent airway, artificial ventilation, oxygen enrichment, and circulatory resuscitation must be immediately available. Since level of anesthesia may be altered rapidly, only vaporizers producing predictable concentrations of sevoflurane should be used.",
"Description": "ULTANE (sevoflurane), volatile liquid for inhalation, a nonflammable and nonexplosive liquid administered by vaporization, is a halogenated general inhalation anesthetic drug. Sevoflurane is fluoromethyl 2,2,2,-trifluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl) ethyl ether and its structural formula is:. Sevoflurane is nonflammable and nonexplosive as defined by the requirements of International Electrotechnical Commission 601-2-13. Sevoflurane is a clear, colorless, liquid containing no additives. Sevoflurane is not corrosive to stainless steel, brass, aluminum, nickel-plated brass, chrome-plated brass or copper beryllium. Sevoflurane is nonpungent. It is miscible with ethanol, ether, chloroform, and benzene, and it is slightly soluble in water. Sevoflurane is stable when stored under normal room lighting conditions according to instructions. No discernible degradation of sevoflurane occurs in the presence of strong acids or heat. When in contact with alkaline CO2 absorbents (e.g., Baralyme® and to a lesser extent soda lime) within the anesthesia machine, sevoflurane can undergo degradation under certain conditions. Degradation of sevoflurane is minimal, and degradants are either undetectable or present in non-toxic amounts when used as directed with fresh absorbents. Sevoflurane degradation and subsequent degradant formation are enhanced by increasing absorbent temperature increased sevoflurane concentration, decreased fresh gas flow and desiccated CO2 absorbents (especially with potassium hydroxide containing absorbents e.g., Baralyme). Sevoflurane alkaline degradation occurs by two pathways. The first results from the loss of hydrogen fluoride with the formation of pentafluoroisopropenyl fluoromethyl ether, (PIFE, C4H2F6O), also known as Compound A, and trace amounts of pentafluoromethoxy isopropyl fluoromethyl ether, (PMFE, C5H6F6O), also known as Compound B. The second pathway for degradation of sevoflurane, which occurs primarily in the presence of desiccated CO2 absorbents, is discussed later. In the first pathway, the defluorination pathway, the production of degradants in the anesthesia circuit results from the extraction of the acidic proton in the presence of a strong base (KOH and/or NaOH) forming an alkene (Compound A) from sevoflurane similar to formation of 2-bromo-2-chloro-1,1-difluoro ethylene (BCDFE) from halothane. Laboratory simulations have shown that the concentration of these degradants is inversely correlated with the fresh gas flow rate (See Figure 1). Figure 1. Fresh Gas Flow Rate versus Compound A Levels in a Circle Absorber System. Since the reaction of carbon dioxide with absorbents is exothermic, the temperature increase will be determined by quantities of CO2 absorbed, which in turn will depend on fresh gas flow in the anesthesia circle system, metabolic status of the patient, and ventilation. The relationship of temperature produced by varying levels of CO2 and Compound A production is illustrated in the following in vitro simulation where CO2 was added to a circle absorber system. Figure 2. Carbon Dioxide Flow versus Compound A and Maximum Temperature. Compound A concentration in a circle absorber system increases as a function of increasing CO2 absorbent temperature and composition (Baralyme producing higher levels than soda lime), increased body temperature, and increased minute ventilation, and decreasing fresh gas flow rates. It has been reported that the concentration of Compound A increases significantly with prolonged dehydration of Baralyme. Compound A exposure in patients also has been shown to rise with increased sevoflurane concentrations and duration of anesthesia. In a clinical study in which sevoflurane was administered to patients under low flow conditions for ≥ 2 hours at flow rates of 1 Liter/minute, Compound A levels were measured in an effort to determine the relationship between MAC hours and Compound A levels produced. The relationship between Compound A levels and sevoflurane exposure are shown in Figure 2a. Figure 2a. ppm·hr versus MAC·hr at Flow Rate of 1 L/min. Compound A has been shown to be nephrotoxic in rats after exposures that have varied in duration from one to three hours. No histopathologic change was seen at a concentration of up to 270 ppm for one hour. Sporadic single cell necrosis of proximal tubule cells has been reported at a concentration of 114 ppm after a 3-hour exposure to Compound A in rats. The LC50 reported at 1 hour is 1050-1090 ppm (male-female) and, at 3 hours, 350-490 ppm (male-female). An experiment was performed comparing sevoflurane plus 75 or 100 ppm Compound A with an active control to evaluate the potential nephrotoxicity of Compound A in non-human primates. A single 8-hour exposure of Sevoflurane in the presence of Compound A produced single-cell renal tubular degeneration and single-cell necrosis in cynomolgus monkeys. These changes are consistent with the increased urinary protein, glucose level and enzymic activity noted on days one and three on the clinical pathology evaluation. This nephrotoxicity produced by Compound A is dose and duration of exposure dependent. At a fresh gas flow rate of 1 L/min, mean maximum concentrations of Compound A in the anesthesia circuit in clinical settings are approximately 20 ppm (0.002%) with soda lime and 30 ppm (0.003%) with Baralyme in adult patients; mean maximum concentrations in pediatric patients with soda lime are about half those found in adults. The highest concentration observed in a single patient with Baralyme was 61 ppm (0.0061%) and 32 ppm (0.0032%) with soda lime. The levels of Compound A at which toxicity occurs in humans is not known. The second pathway for degradation of sevoflurane occurs primarily in the presence of desiccated CO2 absorbents and leads to the dissociation of sevoflurane into hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) and formaldehyde. HFIP is inactive, non-genotoxic, rapidly glucuronidated and cleared by the liver. Formaldehyde is present during normal metabolic processes. Upon exposure to a highly desiccated absorbent, formaldehyde can further degrade into methanol and formate. Formate can contribute to the formation of carbon monoxide in the presence of high temperature that can be associated with desiccated Baralyme®. Methanol can react with Compound A to form the methoxy addition product Compound B. Compound B can undergo further HF elimination to form Compounds C, D, and E. Sevoflurane degradants were observed in the respiratory circuit of an experimental anesthesia machine using desiccated CO2 absorbents and maximum sevoflurane concentrations (8%) for extended periods of time (> 2 hours). Concentrations of formaldehyde observed with desiccated soda lime in this experimental anesthesia respiratory circuit were consistent with levels that could potentially result in respiratory irritation. Although KOH containing CO2 absorbents are no longer commercially available, in the laboratory experiments, exposure of sevoflurane to the desiccated KOH containing CO2 absorbent, Baralyme, resulted in the detection of substantially greater degradant levels."
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"IndicationAndUsage": "Sevoflurane is indicated for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia in adult and pediatric patients for inpatient and outpatient surgery. Sevoflurane should be administered only by persons trained in the administration of general anesthesia. Facilities for maintenance of a patent airway, artificial ventilation, oxygen enrichment, and circulatory resuscitation must be immediately available. Since level of anesthesia may be altered rapidly, only vaporizers producing predictable concentrations of sevoflurane should be used.",
"Description": "Sevoflurane USP, volatile liquid for inhalation, a nonflammable and nonexplosive liquid administered by vaporization, is a halogenated general inhalation anesthetic drug. Sevoflurane is fluoromethyl 2,2,2,-trifluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl) ethyl ether and its structural formula is. Sevoflurane is nonflammable and nonexplosive as defined by the requirements of International Electrotechnical Commission 601-2-13. Sevoflurane is a clear, colorless, liquid containing no additives. Sevoflurane is not corrosive to stainless steel, brass, aluminum, nickel-plated brass, chrome-plated brass or copper beryllium. Sevoflurane is nonpungent. It is miscible with ethanol, ether, chloroform, and benzene, and it is slightly soluble in water. Sevoflurane is stable when stored under normal room lighting conditions according to instructions. No discernible degradation of sevoflurane occurs in the presence of strong acids or heat. When in contact with alkaline CO2 absorbents (e.g., Baralyme® and to a lesser extent soda lime) within the anesthesia machine, sevoflurane can undergo degradation under certain conditions. Degradation of sevoflurane is minimal, and degradants are either undetectable or present in non-toxic amounts when used as directed with fresh absorbents. Sevoflurane degradation and subsequent degradant formation are enhanced by increasing absorbent temperature increased sevoflurane concentration, decreased fresh gas flow and desiccated CO2 absorbents (especially with potassium hydroxide containing absorbents e.g., Baralyme). Sevoflurane alkaline degradation occurs by two pathways. The first results from the loss of hydrogen fluoride with the formation of pentafluoroisopropenyl fluoromethyl ether, (PIFE, C4H2F6O), also known as Compound A, and trace amounts of pentafluoromethoxy isopropyl fluoromethyl ether, (PMFE, C5H6F6O), also known as Compound B. The second pathway for degradation of sevoflurane, which occurs primarily in the presence of desiccated CO2 absorbents, is discussed later. In the first pathway, the defluorination pathway, the production of degradants in the anesthesia circuit results from the extraction of the acidic proton in the presence of a strong base (KOH and/or NaOH) forming an alkene (Compound A) from sevoflurane similar to formation of 2-bromo-2-chloro-1,1-difluoro ethylene (BCDFE) from halothane. Laboratory simulations have shown that the concentration of these degradants is inversely correlated with the fresh gas flow rate (See Figure 1). Figure 1. Fresh Gas Flow Rate versus Compound A Levels in a Circle Absorber System. Since the reaction of carbon dioxide with absorbents is exothermic, the temperature increase will be determined by quantities of CO2 absorbed, which in turn will depend on fresh gas flow in the anesthesia circle system, metabolic status of the patient, and ventilation. The relationship of temperature produced by varying levels of CO2 and Compound A production is illustrated in the following in vitro simulation where CO2 was added to a circle absorber system. Figure 2. Carbon Dioxide Flow versus Compound A and Maximum Temperature. Compound A concentration in a circle absorber system increases as a function of increasing CO2 absorbent temperature and composition (Baralyme producing higher levels than soda lime), increased body temperature, and increased minute ventilation, and decreasing fresh gas flow rates. It has been reported that the concentration of Compound A increases significantly with prolonged dehydration of Baralyme. Compound A exposure in patients also has been shown to rise with increased sevoflurane concentrations and duration of anesthesia. In a clinical study in which sevoflurane was administered to patients under low flow conditions for ≥ 2 hours at flow rates of 1 Liter/minute, Compound A levels were measured in an effort to determine the relationship between MAC hours and Compound A levels produced. The relationship between Compound A levels and sevoflurane exposure are shown in Figure 2a. Figure 2a. ppm·hr versus MAC·hr at Flow Rate of 1 L/min. Compound A has been shown to be nephrotoxic in rats after exposures that have varied in duration from one to three hours. No histopathologic change was seen at a concentration of up to 270 ppm for one hour. Sporadic single cell necrosis of proximal tubule cells has been reported at a concentration of 114 ppm after a 3-hour exposure to Compound A in rats. The LC50 reported at 1 hour is 1050-1090 ppm (male-female) and, at 3 hours, 350-490 ppm (male-female). An experiment was performed comparing sevoflurane plus 75 or 100 ppm Compound A with an active control to evaluate the potential nephrotoxicity of Compound A in non-human primates. A single 8-hour exposure of Sevoflurane in the presence of Compound A produced single-cell renal tubular degeneration and single-cell necrosis in cynomolgus monkeys. These changes are consistent with the increased urinary protein, glucose level and enzymic activity noted on days one and three on the clinical pathology evaluation. This nephrotoxicity produced by Compound A is dose and duration of exposure dependent. At a fresh gas flow rate of 1 L/min, mean maximum concentrations of Compound A in the anesthesia circuit in clinical settings are approximately 20 ppm (0.002%) with soda lime and 30 ppm (0.003%) with Baralyme in adult patients; mean maximum concentrations in pediatric patients with soda lime are about half those found in adults. The highest concentration observed in a single patient with Baralyme was 61 ppm (0.0061%) and 32 ppm (0.0032%) with soda lime. The levels of Compound A at which toxicity occurs in humans is not known. The second pathway for degradation of sevoflurane occurs primarily in the presence of desiccated CO2 absorbents and leads to the dissociation of sevoflurane into hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) and formaldehyde. HFIP is inactive, non-genotoxic, rapidly glucuronidated and cleared by the liver. Formaldehyde is present during normal metabolic processes. Upon exposure to a highly desiccated absorbent, formaldehyde can further degrade into methanol and formate. Formate can contribute to the formation of carbon monoxide in the presence of high temperature that can be associated with desiccated Baralyme®. Methanol can react with Compound A to form the methoxy addition product Compound B. Compound B can undergo further HF elimination to form Compounds C, D, and E. Sevoflurane degradants were observed in the respiratory circuit of an experimental anesthesia machine using desiccated CO2 absorbents and maximum sevoflurane concentrations (8%) for extended periods of time (> 2 hours). Concentrations of formaldehyde observed with desiccated soda lime in this experimental anesthesia respiratory circuit were consistent with levels that could potentially result in respiratory irritation. Although KOH containing CO2 absorbents are no longer commercially available, in the laboratory experiments, exposure of sevoflurane to the desiccated KOH containing CO2 absorbent, Baralyme, resulted in the detection of substantially greater degradant levels."
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"Description": "Sevoflurane, USP, volatile liquid for inhalation, a nonflammable and nonexplosive liquid administered by vaporization, is a halogenated general inhalation anesthetic drug. Sevoflurane, USP is fluoromethyl 2,2,2,-trifluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl) ethyl ether and its structural formula is. Sevoflurane, USP is nonflammable and nonexplosive as defined by the requirements of International Electrotechnical Commission 601-2-13. Sevoflurane, USP is a clear, colorless, liquid containing no additives. Sevoflurane, USP is not corrosive to stainless steel, brass, aluminum, nickel-plated brass, chrome-plated brass or copper beryllium. Sevoflurane, USP is nonpungent. It is miscible with ethanol, ether, chloroform, and benzene, and it is slightly soluble in water. Sevoflurane, USP is stable when stored under normal room lighting conditions according to instructions. No discernible degradation of sevoflurane, USP occurs in the presence of strong acids or heat. When in contact with alkaline CO2 absorbents (e.g., Baralyme® and to a lesser extent soda lime) within the anesthesia machine, Sevoflurane, USP can undergo degradation under certain conditions. Degradation of sevoflurane, USP is minimal, and degradants are either undetectable or present in non-toxic amounts when used as directed with fresh absorbents. Sevoflurane, USP degradation and subsequent degradant formation are enhanced by increasing absorbent temperature increased sevoflurane, USP concentration, decreased fresh gas flow and desiccated CO2 absorbents (especially with potassium hydroxide containing absorbents e.g., Baralyme). Sevoflurane, USP alkaline degradation occurs by two pathways. The first results from the loss of hydrogen fluoride with the formation of pentafluoroisopropenyl fluoromethyl ether, (PIFE, C4H2F6O), also known as Compound A, and trace amounts of pentafluoromethoxy isopropyl fluoromethyl ether, (PMFE, C5H6F6O), also known as Compound B. The second pathway for degradation of sevoflurane, USP, which occurs primarily in the presence of desiccated CO2 absorbents, is discussed later. In the first pathway, the defluorination pathway, the production of degradants in the anesthesia circuit results from the extraction of the acidic proton in the presence of a strong base (KOH and/or NaOH) forming an alkene (Compound A) from sevoflurane, USP similar to formation of 2-bromo-2-chloro-1,1-difluoro ethylene (BCDFE) from halothane. Laboratory simulations have shown that the concentration of these degradants is inversely correlated with the fresh gas flow rate (See Figure 1). Since the reaction of carbon dioxide with absorbents is exothermic, the temperature increase will be determined by quantities of CO2 absorbed, which in turn will depend on fresh gas flow in the anesthesia circle system, metabolic status of the patient, and ventilation. The relationship of temperature produced by varying levels of CO2 and Compound A production is illustrated in the following in vitro simulation where CO2 was added to a circle absorber system. Compound A concentration in a circle absorber system increases as a function of increasing CO2 absorbent temperature and composition (Baralyme producing higher levels than soda lime), increased body temperature, and increased minute ventilation, and decreasing fresh gas flow rates. It has been reported that the concentration of Compound A increases significantly with prolonged dehydration of Baralyme. Compound A exposure in patients also has been shown to rise with increased sevoflurane, USP concentrations and duration of anesthesia. In a clinical study in which sevoflurane, USP was administered to patients under low flow conditions for ≥ 2 hours at flow rates of 1 Liter/minute, Compound A levels were measured in an effort to determine the relationship between MAC hours and Compound A levels produced. The relationship between Compound A levels and sevoflurane, USP exposure are shown in Figure 2a. Compound A has been shown to be nephrotoxic in rats after exposures that have varied in duration from one to three hours. No histopathologic change was seen at a concentration of up to 270 ppm for one hour. Sporadic single cell necrosis of proximal tubule cells has been reported at a concentration of 114 ppm after a 3-hour exposure to Compound A in rats. The LC50 reported at 1 hour is 1050-1090 ppm (male-female) and, at 3 hours, 350-490 ppm (male-female). An experiment was performed comparing sevoflurane, USP plus 75 or 100 ppm Compound A with an active control to evaluate the potential nephrotoxicity of Compound A in non-human primates. A single 8-hour exposure of Sevoflurane, USP in the presence of Compound A produced single-cell renal tubular degeneration and single-cell necrosis in cynomolgus monkeys. These changes are consistent with the increased urinary protein, glucose level and enzymic activity noted on days one and three on the clinical pathology evaluation. This nephrotoxicity produced by Compound A is dose and duration of exposure dependent. At a fresh gas flow rate of 1 L/min, mean maximum concentrations of Compound A in the anesthesia circuit in clinical settings are approximately 20 ppm (0.002%) with soda lime and 30 ppm (0.003%) with Baralyme in adult patients; mean maximum concentrations in pediatric patients with soda lime are about half those found in adults. The highest concentration observed in a single patient with Baralyme was 61 ppm (0.0061%) and 32 ppm (0.0032%) with soda lime. The levels of Compound A at which toxicity occurs in humans is not known. The second pathway for degradation of sevoflurane, USP occurs primarily in the presence of desiccated CO2 absorbents and leads to the dissociation of sevoflurane, USP into hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) and formaldehyde. HFIP is inactive, non-genotoxic, rapidly glucuronidated and cleared by the liver. Formaldehyde is present during normal metabolic processes. Upon exposure to a highly desiccated absorbent, formaldehyde can further degrade into methanol and formate. Formate can contribute to the formation of carbon monoxide in the presence of high temperature that can be associated with desiccated Baralyme®. Methanol can react with Compound A to form the methoxy addition product Compound B. Compound B can undergo further HF elimination to form Compounds C, D, and E. Sevoflurane, USP degradants were observed in the respiratory circuit of an experimental anesthesia machine using desiccated CO2 absorbents and maximum sevoflurane, USP concentrations (8%) for extended periods of time (˃ 2 hours). Concentrations of formaldehyde observed with desiccated soda lime in this experimental anesthesia respiratory circuit were consistent with levels that could potentially result in respiratory irritation. Although KOH containing CO2 absorbents are no longer commercially available, in the laboratory experiments, exposure of sevoflurane, USP to the desiccated KOH containing CO2 absorbent, Baralyme, resulted in the detection of substantially greater degradant levels."
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"Description": "Sevoflurane, USP, volatile liquid for inhalation, a nonflammable and nonexplosive liquid administered by vaporization, is a halogenated general inhalation anesthetic drug. Sevoflurane, USP is fluoromethyl 2,2,2,-trifluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl) ethyl ether and its structural formula is. Sevoflurane, USP is nonflammable and nonexplosive as defined by the requirements of International Electrotechnical Commission 601-2-13. Sevoflurane, USP is a clear, colorless, liquid containing no additives. Sevoflurane, USP is not corrosive to stainless steel, brass, aluminum, nickel-plated brass, chrome-plated brass or copper beryllium. Sevoflurane, USP is nonpungent. It is miscible with ethanol, ether, chloroform, and benzene, and it is slightly soluble in water. Sevoflurane, USP is stable when stored under normal room lighting conditions according to instructions. No discernible degradation of sevoflurane, USP occurs in the presence of strong acids or heat. When in contact with alkaline CO2 absorbents (e.g., Baralyme® and to a lesser extent soda lime) within the anesthesia machine, Sevoflurane, USP can undergo degradation under certain conditions. Degradation of sevoflurane, USP is minimal, and degradants are either undetectable or present in non-toxic amounts when used as directed with fresh absorbents. Sevoflurane, USP degradation and subsequent degradant formation are enhanced by increasing absorbent temperature increased sevoflurane, USP concentration, decreased fresh gas flow and desiccated CO2 absorbents (especially with potassium hydroxide containing absorbents e.g., Baralyme). Sevoflurane, USP alkaline degradation occurs by two pathways. The first results from the loss of hydrogen fluoride with the formation of pentafluoroisopropenyl fluoromethyl ether, (PIFE, C4H2F6O), also known as Compound A, and trace amounts of pentafluoromethoxy isopropyl fluoromethyl ether, (PMFE, C5H6F6O), also known as Compound B. The second pathway for degradation of sevoflurane, USP, which occurs primarily in the presence of desiccated CO2 absorbents, is discussed later. In the first pathway, the defluorination pathway, the production of degradants in the anesthesia circuit results from the extraction of the acidic proton in the presence of a strong base (KOH and/or NaOH) forming an alkene (Compound A) from sevoflurane, USP similar to formation of 2-bromo-2-chloro-1,1-difluoro ethylene (BCDFE) from halothane. Laboratory simulations have shown that the concentration of these degradants is inversely correlated with the fresh gas flow rate (See Figure 1). Since the reaction of carbon dioxide with absorbents is exothermic, the temperature increase will be determined by quantities of CO2 absorbed, which in turn will depend on fresh gas flow in the anesthesia circle system, metabolic status of the patient, and ventilation. The relationship of temperature produced by varying levels of CO2 and Compound A production is illustrated in the following in vitro simulation where CO2 was added to a circle absorber system. Compound A concentration in a circle absorber system increases as a function of increasing CO2 absorbent temperature and composition (Baralyme producing higher levels than soda lime), increased body temperature, and increased minute ventilation, and decreasing fresh gas flow rates. It has been reported that the concentration of Compound A increases significantly with prolonged dehydration of Baralyme. Compound A exposure in patients also has been shown to rise with increased sevoflurane, USP concentrations and duration of anesthesia. In a clinical study in which sevoflurane, USP was administered to patients under low flow conditions for ≥ 2 hours at flow rates of 1 Liter/minute, Compound A levels were measured in an effort to determine the relationship between MAC hours and Compound A levels produced. The relationship between Compound A levels and sevoflurane, USP exposure are shown in Figure 2a. Compound A has been shown to be nephrotoxic in rats after exposures that have varied in duration from one to three hours. No histopathologic change was seen at a concentration of up to 270 ppm for one hour. Sporadic single cell necrosis of proximal tubule cells has been reported at a concentration of 114 ppm after a 3-hour exposure to Compound A in rats. The LC50 reported at 1 hour is 1050-1090 ppm (male-female) and, at 3 hours, 350-490 ppm (male-female). An experiment was performed comparing sevoflurane, USP plus 75 or 100 ppm Compound A with an active control to evaluate the potential nephrotoxicity of Compound A in non-human primates. A single 8-hour exposure of Sevoflurane, USP in the presence of Compound A produced single-cell renal tubular degeneration and single-cell necrosis in cynomolgus monkeys. These changes are consistent with the increased urinary protein, glucose level and enzymic activity noted on days one and three on the clinical pathology evaluation. This nephrotoxicity produced by Compound A is dose and duration of exposure dependent. At a fresh gas flow rate of 1 L/min, mean maximum concentrations of Compound A in the anesthesia circuit in clinical settings are approximately 20 ppm (0.002%) with soda lime and 30 ppm (0.003%) with Baralyme in adult patients; mean maximum concentrations in pediatric patients with soda lime are about half those found in adults. The highest concentration observed in a single patient with Baralyme was 61 ppm (0.0061%) and 32 ppm (0.0032%) with soda lime. The levels of Compound A at which toxicity occurs in humans is not known. The second pathway for degradation of sevoflurane, USP occurs primarily in the presence of desiccated CO2 absorbents and leads to the dissociation of sevoflurane, USP into hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) and formaldehyde. HFIP is inactive, non-genotoxic, rapidly glucuronidated and cleared by the liver. Formaldehyde is present during normal metabolic processes. Upon exposure to a highly desiccated absorbent, formaldehyde can further degrade into methanol and formate. Formate can contribute to the formation of carbon monoxide in the presence of high temperature that can be associated with desiccated Baralyme®. Methanol can react with Compound A to form the methoxy addition product Compound B. Compound B can undergo further HF elimination to form Compounds C, D, and E. Sevoflurane, USP degradants were observed in the respiratory circuit of an experimental anesthesia machine using desiccated CO2 absorbents and maximum sevoflurane, USP concentrations (8%) for extended periods of time (> 2 hours). Concentrations of formaldehyde observed with desiccated soda lime in this experimental anesthesia respiratory circuit were consistent with levels that could potentially result in respiratory irritation. Although KOH containing CO2 absorbents are no longer commercially available, in the laboratory experiments, exposure of sevoflurane, USP to the desiccated KOH containing CO2 absorbent, Baralyme, resulted in the detection of substantially greater degradant levels."
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"Description": "Sevoflurane, USP, volatile liquid for inhalation, a nonflammable and nonexplosive liquid administered by vaporization, is a halogenated general inhalation anesthetic drug. Sevoflurane, USP is fluoromethyl 2,2,2,-trifluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl) ethyl ether and its structural formula is. Sevoflurane, USP is nonflammable and nonexplosive as defined by the requirements of International Electrotechnical Commission 601-2-13. Sevoflurane, USP is a clear, colorless, liquid containing no additives. Sevoflurane, USP is not corrosive to stainless steel, brass, aluminum, nickel-plated brass, chrome-plated brass or copper beryllium. Sevoflurane, USP is nonpungent. It is miscible with ethanol, ether, chloroform, and benzene, and it is slightly soluble in water. Sevoflurane, USP is stable when stored under normal room lighting conditions according to instructions. No discernible degradation of sevoflurane, USP occurs in the presence of strong acids or heat. When in contact with alkaline CO2 absorbents (e.g., Baralyme® and to a lesser extent soda lime) within the anesthesia machine, Sevoflurane, USP can undergo degradation under certain conditions. Degradation of sevoflurane, USP is minimal, and degradants are either undetectable or present in non-toxic amounts when used as directed with fresh absorbents. Sevoflurane, USP degradation and subsequent degradant formation are enhanced by increasing absorbent temperature increased sevoflurane, USP concentration, decreased fresh gas flow and desiccated CO2 absorbents (especially with potassium hydroxide containing absorbents e.g., Baralyme). Sevoflurane, USP alkaline degradation occurs by two pathways. The first results from the loss of hydrogen fluoride with the formation of pentafluoroisopropenyl fluoromethyl ether, (PIFE, C4H2F6O), also known as Compound A, and trace amounts of pentafluoromethoxy isopropyl fluoromethyl ether, (PMFE, C5H6F6O), also known as Compound B. The second pathway for degradation of sevoflurane, USP, which occurs primarily in the presence of desiccated CO2 absorbents, is discussed later. In the first pathway, the defluorination pathway, the production of degradants in the anesthesia circuit results from the extraction of the acidic proton in the presence of a strong base (KOH and/or NaOH) forming an alkene (Compound A) from sevoflurane, USP similar to formation of 2-bromo-2-chloro-1,1-difluoro ethylene (BCDFE) from halothane. Laboratory simulations have shown that the concentration of these degradants is inversely correlated with the fresh gas flow rate (See Figure 1). Since the reaction of carbon dioxide with absorbents is exothermic, the temperature increase will be determined by quantities of CO2 absorbed, which in turn will depend on fresh gas flow in the anesthesia circle system, metabolic status of the patient, and ventilation. The relationship of temperature produced by varying levels of CO2 and Compound A production is illustrated in the following in vitro simulation where CO2 was added to a circle absorber system. Compound A concentration in a circle absorber system increases as a function of increasing CO2 absorbent temperature and composition (Baralyme producing higher levels than soda lime), increased body temperature, and increased minute ventilation, and decreasing fresh gas flow rates. It has been reported that the concentration of Compound A increases significantly with prolonged dehydration of Baralyme. Compound A exposure in patients also has been shown to rise with increased sevoflurane, USP concentrations and duration of anesthesia. In a clinical study in which sevoflurane, USP was administered to patients under low flow conditions for ≥ 2 hours at flow rates of 1 Liter/minute, Compound A levels were measured in an effort to determine the relationship between MAC hours and Compound A levels produced. The relationship between Compound A levels and sevoflurane, USP exposure are shown in Figure 2a. Compound A has been shown to be nephrotoxic in rats after exposures that have varied in duration from one to three hours. No histopathologic change was seen at a concentration of up to 270 ppm for one hour. Sporadic single cell necrosis of proximal tubule cells has been reported at a concentration of 114 ppm after a 3-hour exposure to Compound A in rats. The LC50 reported at 1 hour is 1050-1090 ppm (male-female) and, at 3 hours, 350-490 ppm (male-female). An experiment was performed comparing sevoflurane, USP plus 75 or 100 ppm Compound A with an active control to evaluate the potential nephrotoxicity of Compound A in non-human primates. A single 8-hour exposure of Sevoflurane, USP in the presence of Compound A produced single-cell renal tubular degeneration and single-cell necrosis in cynomolgus monkeys. These changes are consistent with the increased urinary protein, glucose level and enzymic activity noted on days one and three on the clinical pathology evaluation. This nephrotoxicity produced by Compound A is dose and duration of exposure dependent. At a fresh gas flow rate of 1 L/min, mean maximum concentrations of Compound A in the anesthesia circuit in clinical settings are approximately 20 ppm (0.002%) with soda lime and 30 ppm (0.003%) with Baralyme in adult patients; mean maximum concentrations in pediatric patients with soda lime are about half those found in adults. The highest concentration observed in a single patient with Baralyme was 61 ppm (0.0061%) and 32 ppm (0.0032%) with soda lime. The levels of Compound A at which toxicity occurs in humans is not known. The second pathway for degradation of sevoflurane, USP occurs primarily in the presence of desiccated CO2 absorbents and leads to the dissociation of sevoflurane, USP into hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) and formaldehyde. HFIP is inactive, non-genotoxic, rapidly glucuronidated and cleared by the liver. Formaldehyde is present during normal metabolic processes. Upon exposure to a highly desiccated absorbent, formaldehyde can further degrade into methanol and formate. Formate can contribute to the formation of carbon monoxide in the presence of high temperature that can be associated with desiccated Baralyme®. Methanol can react with Compound A to form the methoxy addition product Compound B. Compound B can undergo further HF elimination to form Compounds C, D, and E. Sevoflurane, USP degradants were observed in the respiratory circuit of an experimental anesthesia machine using desiccated CO2 absorbents and maximum sevoflurane, USP concentrations (8%) for extended periods of time (˃ 2 hours). Concentrations of formaldehyde observed with desiccated soda lime in this experimental anesthesia respiratory circuit were consistent with levels that could potentially result in respiratory irritation. Although KOH containing CO2 absorbents are no longer commercially available, in the laboratory experiments, exposure of sevoflurane, USP to the desiccated KOH containing CO2 absorbent, Baralyme, resulted in the detection of substantially greater degradant levels."
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"Description": "Sevoflurane, USP, volatile liquid for inhalation, a nonflammable and nonexplosive liquid administered by vaporization, is a halogenated general inhalation anesthetic drug. Sevoflurane, USP is fluoromethyl 2,2,2,-trifluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl) ethyl ether and its structural formula is. Sevoflurane, USP is nonflammable and nonexplosive as defined by the requirements of International Electrotechnical Commission 601-2-13. Sevoflurane, USP is a clear, colorless, liquid containing no additives. Sevoflurane, USP is not corrosive to stainless steel, brass, aluminum, nickel-plated brass, chrome-plated brass or copper beryllium. Sevoflurane, USP is nonpungent. It is miscible with ethanol, ether, chloroform, and benzene, and it is slightly soluble in water. Sevoflurane, USP is stable when stored under normal room lighting conditions according to instructions. No discernible degradation of sevoflurane, USP occurs in the presence of strong acids or heat. When in contact with alkaline CO2 absorbents (e.g., Baralyme® and to a lesser extent soda lime) within the anesthesia machine, Sevoflurane, USP can undergo degradation under certain conditions. Degradation of sevoflurane, USP is minimal, and degradants are either undetectable or present in non-toxic amounts when used as directed with fresh absorbents. Sevoflurane, USP degradation and subsequent degradant formation are enhanced by increasing absorbent temperature increased sevoflurane, USP concentration, decreased fresh gas flow and desiccated CO2 absorbents (especially with potassium hydroxide containing absorbents e.g., Baralyme). Sevoflurane, USP alkaline degradation occurs by two pathways. The first results from the loss of hydrogen fluoride with the formation of pentafluoroisopropenyl fluoromethyl ether, (PIFE, C4H2F6O), also known as Compound A, and trace amounts of pentafluoromethoxy isopropyl fluoromethyl ether, (PMFE, C5H6F6O), also known as Compound B. The second pathway for degradation of sevoflurane, USP, which occurs primarily in the presence of desiccated CO2 absorbents, is discussed later. In the first pathway, the defluorination pathway, the production of degradants in the anesthesia circuit results from the extraction of the acidic proton in the presence of a strong base (KOH and/or NaOH) forming an alkene (Compound A) from sevoflurane, USP similar to formation of 2-bromo-2-chloro-1,1-difluoro ethylene (BCDFE) from halothane. Laboratory simulations have shown that the concentration of these degradants is inversely correlated with the fresh gas flow rate (See Figure 1). Since the reaction of carbon dioxide with absorbents is exothermic, the temperature increase will be determined by quantities of CO2 absorbed, which in turn will depend on fresh gas flow in the anesthesia circle system, metabolic status of the patient, and ventilation. The relationship of temperature produced by varying levels of CO2 and Compound A production is illustrated in the following in vitro simulation where CO2 was added to a circle absorber system. Compound A concentration in a circle absorber system increases as a function of increasing CO2 absorbent temperature and composition (Baralyme producing higher levels than soda lime), increased body temperature, and increased minute ventilation, and decreasing fresh gas flow rates. It has been reported that the concentration of Compound A increases significantly with prolonged dehydration of Baralyme. Compound A exposure in patients also has been shown to rise with increased sevoflurane, USP concentrations and duration of anesthesia. In a clinical study in which sevoflurane, USP was administered to patients under low flow conditions for ≥ 2 hours at flow rates of 1 Liter/minute, Compound A levels were measured in an effort to determine the relationship between MAC hours and Compound A levels produced. The relationship between Compound A levels and sevoflurane, USP exposure are shown in Figure 2a. Compound A has been shown to be nephrotoxic in rats after exposures that have varied in duration from one to three hours. No histopathologic change was seen at a concentration of up to 270 ppm for one hour. Sporadic single cell necrosis of proximal tubule cells has been reported at a concentration of 114 ppm after a 3-hour exposure to Compound A in rats. The LC50 reported at 1 hour is 1050-1090 ppm (male-female) and, at 3 hours, 350-490 ppm (male-female). An experiment was performed comparing sevoflurane, USP plus 75 or 100 ppm Compound A with an active control to evaluate the potential nephrotoxicity of Compound A in non-human primates. A single 8-hour exposure of Sevoflurane, USP in the presence of Compound A produced single-cell renal tubular degeneration and single-cell necrosis in cynomolgus monkeys. These changes are consistent with the increased urinary protein, glucose level and enzymic activity noted on days one and three on the clinical pathology evaluation. This nephrotoxicity produced by Compound A is dose and duration of exposure dependent. At a fresh gas flow rate of 1 L/min, mean maximum concentrations of Compound A in the anesthesia circuit in clinical settings are approximately 20 ppm (0.002%) with soda lime and 30 ppm (0.003%) with Baralyme in adult patients; mean maximum concentrations in pediatric patients with soda lime are about half those found in adults. The highest concentration observed in a single patient with Baralyme was 61 ppm (0.0061%) and 32 ppm (0.0032%) with soda lime. The levels of Compound A at which toxicity occurs in humans is not known. The second pathway for degradation of sevoflurane, USP occurs primarily in the presence of desiccated CO2 absorbents and leads to the dissociation of sevoflurane, USP into hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) and formaldehyde. HFIP is inactive, non-genotoxic, rapidly glucuronidated and cleared by the liver. Formaldehyde is present during normal metabolic processes. Upon exposure to a highly desiccated absorbent, formaldehyde can further degrade into methanol and formate. Formate can contribute to the formation of carbon monoxide in the presence of high temperature that can be associated with desiccated Baralyme®. Methanol can react with Compound A to form the methoxy addition product Compound B. Compound B can undergo further HF elimination to form Compounds C, D, and E. Sevoflurane, USP degradants were observed in the respiratory circuit of an experimental anesthesia machine using desiccated CO2 absorbents and maximum sevoflurane, USP concentrations (8%) for extended periods of time (> 2 hours). Concentrations of formaldehyde observed with desiccated soda lime in this experimental anesthesia respiratory circuit were consistent with levels that could potentially result in respiratory irritation. Although KOH containing CO2 absorbents are no longer commercially available, in the laboratory experiments, exposure of sevoflurane, USP to the desiccated KOH containing CO2 absorbent, Baralyme, resulted in the detection of substantially greater degradant levels."
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<PackageDescription>59 mL in 1 BOTTLE, PLASTIC (0064-1011-02)</PackageDescription>
<NDC11Code>00064-1011-02</NDC11Code>
<ProductNDC>0064-1011</ProductNDC>
<ProductTypeName>HUMAN OTC DRUG</ProductTypeName>
<ProprietaryName>Actiprep</ProprietaryName>
<ProprietaryNameSuffix>Preoperative Skin Preparation</ProprietaryNameSuffix>
<NonProprietaryName>Ethyl Alcohol</NonProprietaryName>
<DosageFormName>LOTION</DosageFormName>
<RouteName>TOPICAL</RouteName>
<StartMarketingDate>20011001</StartMarketingDate>
<MarketingCategoryName>OTC MONOGRAPH NOT FINAL</MarketingCategoryName>
<ApplicationNumber>part333E</ApplicationNumber>
<LabelerName>HEALTHPOINT, LTD</LabelerName>
<SubstanceName>ALCOHOL</SubstanceName>
<StrengthNumber>.79</StrengthNumber>
<StrengthUnit>mL/mL</StrengthUnit>
<Status>Deprecated</Status>
<LastUpdate>2017-09-13</LastUpdate>
</NDC>
<NDC>
<NDCCode>0064-1080-59</NDCCode>
<PackageDescription>59 mL in 1 BOTTLE (0064-1080-59)</PackageDescription>
<NDC11Code>00064-1080-59</NDC11Code>
<ProductNDC>0064-1080</ProductNDC>
<ProductTypeName>HUMAN OTC DRUG</ProductTypeName>
<ProprietaryName>Surgicept</ProprietaryName>
<ProprietaryNameSuffix>Waterless, Surgical Handscrub And Healthcare Personnel Handwash</ProprietaryNameSuffix>
<NonProprietaryName>Ethyl Alcohol</NonProprietaryName>
<DosageFormName>SOLUTION</DosageFormName>
<RouteName>TOPICAL</RouteName>
<StartMarketingDate>20060101</StartMarketingDate>
<MarketingCategoryName>OTC MONOGRAPH NOT FINAL</MarketingCategoryName>
<ApplicationNumber>part333E</ApplicationNumber>
<LabelerName>HEALTHPOINT, LTD</LabelerName>
<SubstanceName>ALCOHOL</SubstanceName>
<StrengthNumber>.75</StrengthNumber>
<StrengthUnit>mL/mL</StrengthUnit>
<Status>Deprecated</Status>
<LastUpdate>2022-01-04</LastUpdate>
<ProductNdcExcludeFlag>N</ProductNdcExcludeFlag>
<ListingRecordCertifiedThrough>20211231</ListingRecordCertifiedThrough>
<IndicationAndUsage>Surgical Hand Scrub: Significantly reduces the number of microorganisms on the hands and forearms prior to surgery or patient care. . Healthcare Personnel Handwash: Handwash to help reduce bacteria that potentially can cause disease. Recommended for repeated use. .</IndicationAndUsage>
</NDC>
<NDC>
<NDCCode>0064-1100-59</NDCCode>
<PackageDescription>50 g in 1 BOTTLE, PLASTIC (0064-1100-59)</PackageDescription>
<NDC11Code>00064-1100-59</NDC11Code>
<ProductNDC>0064-1100</ProductNDC>
<ProductTypeName>HUMAN OTC DRUG</ProductTypeName>
<ProprietaryName>Outlast</ProprietaryName>
<ProprietaryNameSuffix>Long-lasting Hand Sanitizer</ProprietaryNameSuffix>
<NonProprietaryName>Ethyl Alcohol</NonProprietaryName>
<DosageFormName>SOLUTION</DosageFormName>
<RouteName>TOPICAL</RouteName>
<StartMarketingDate>20100601</StartMarketingDate>
<MarketingCategoryName>OTC MONOGRAPH NOT FINAL</MarketingCategoryName>
<ApplicationNumber>part333</ApplicationNumber>
<LabelerName>HEALTHPOINT, LTD</LabelerName>
<SubstanceName>ALCOHOL</SubstanceName>
<StrengthNumber>.7</StrengthNumber>
<StrengthUnit>g/g</StrengthUnit>
<Status>Deprecated</Status>
<LastUpdate>2014-04-22</LastUpdate>
</NDC>
<NDC>
<NDCCode>57955-0064-2</NDCCode>
<PackageDescription>59 mL in 1 BOTTLE, SPRAY (57955-0064-2)</PackageDescription>
<NDC11Code>57955-0064-02</NDC11Code>
<ProductNDC>57955-0064</ProductNDC>
<ProductTypeName>HUMAN OTC DRUG</ProductTypeName>
<ProprietaryName>Artery/cholesterol/bp</ProprietaryName>
<NonProprietaryName>Aurum Metallicum, Aurum Muriaticum Natronatum, Baryta Carbonica, Baryta Muriatica, Calcarea Fluorica, Ceanothus Americanus, Cholesterinum, Glonoinum, Plumbum Iodatum, Strophanthus Hispidus</NonProprietaryName>
<DosageFormName>LIQUID</DosageFormName>
<RouteName>ORAL</RouteName>
<StartMarketingDate>20140417</StartMarketingDate>
<MarketingCategoryName>UNAPPROVED HOMEOPATHIC</MarketingCategoryName>
<LabelerName>King Bio Inc.</LabelerName>
<SubstanceName>GOLD; SODIUM TETRACHLOROAURATE; BARIUM CARBONATE; BARIUM CHLORIDE DIHYDRATE; CALCIUM FLUORIDE; CEANOTHUS AMERICANUS LEAF; CHOLESTEROL; NITROGLYCERIN; LEAD IODIDE; STROPHANTHUS HISPIDUS SEED</SubstanceName>
<StrengthNumber>10; 10; 10; 10; 10; 10; 10; 10; 10; 10</StrengthNumber>
<StrengthUnit>[hp_X]/59mL; [hp_X]/59mL; [hp_X]/59mL; [hp_X]/59mL; [hp_X]/59mL; [hp_X]/59mL; [hp_X]/59mL; [hp_X]/59mL; [hp_X]/59mL; [hp_X]/59mL</StrengthUnit>
<Status>Deprecated</Status>
<LastUpdate>2019-09-21</LastUpdate>
<ProductNdcExcludeFlag>E</ProductNdcExcludeFlag>
<ListingRecordCertifiedThrough>20181231</ListingRecordCertifiedThrough>
<IndicationAndUsage>Uses for temporary relief of: rapid, feeble, or irregular pulse, palpitations, stiffening of arteries, enlarged veins, throbbing or labored heartbeat.</IndicationAndUsage>
</NDC>
<NDC>
<NDCCode>62756-064-59</NDCCode>
<PackageDescription>1 BLISTER PACK in 1 CARTON (62756-064-59) / 7 CAPSULE in 1 BLISTER PACK</PackageDescription>
<NDC11Code>62756-0064-59</NDC11Code>
<ProductNDC>62756-064</ProductNDC>
<ProductTypeName>HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG</ProductTypeName>
<ProprietaryName>Fingolimod</ProprietaryName>
<NonProprietaryName>Fingolimod</NonProprietaryName>
<DosageFormName>CAPSULE</DosageFormName>
<RouteName>ORAL</RouteName>
<StartMarketingDate>20221025</StartMarketingDate>
<MarketingCategoryName>ANDA</MarketingCategoryName>
<ApplicationNumber>ANDA208014</ApplicationNumber>
<LabelerName>Sun Pharmaceutical Industries, Inc.</LabelerName>
<SubstanceName>FINGOLIMOD HYDROCHLORIDE</SubstanceName>
<StrengthNumber>.5</StrengthNumber>
<StrengthUnit>mg/1</StrengthUnit>
<Pharm_Classes>Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Receptor Modulators [MoA], Sphingosine 1-phosphate Receptor Modulator [EPC]</Pharm_Classes>
<Status>Active</Status>
<LastUpdate>2025-09-23</LastUpdate>
<PackageNdcExcludeFlag>N</PackageNdcExcludeFlag>
<ProductNdcExcludeFlag>N</ProductNdcExcludeFlag>
<ListingRecordCertifiedThrough>20261231</ListingRecordCertifiedThrough>
<StartMarketingDatePackage>20221025</StartMarketingDatePackage>
<SamplePackage>N</SamplePackage>
<IndicationAndUsage>Fingolimod capsules are indicated for the treatment of relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (MS), to include clinically isolated syndrome, relapsing-remitting disease, and active secondary progressive disease, in patients 10 years of age and older.</IndicationAndUsage>
<Description>Fingolimod is a sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulator. Chemically, fingolimod is 2-amino-2-[2-(4-octylphenyl)ethyl]propan-1,3-diol hydrochloride. Its structure is shown below. Fingolimod hydrochloride is a white to off white powder that is freely soluble in water and alcohol and soluble in propylene glycol. It has a molecular weight of 343.93 g/mol. Fingolimod is provided as 0.5 mg hard gelatin capsules for oral use. Each capsule contains 0.56 mg of fingolimod hydrochloride, USP equivalent to 0.5 mg of fingolimod. Each fingolimod 0.5 mg capsule contains the following inactive ingredients: colloidal silicon dioxide, crospovidone, magnesium stearate and polacrilin potassium. Components of the gelatin capsule include gelatin, iron oxide yellow, sodium lauryl sulfate, titanium dioxide and water. The imprinting black ink contains black iron oxide, butyl alcohol, potassium hydroxide, propylene glycol, shellac and strong ammonia solution.</Description>
</NDC>
<NDC>
<NDCCode>64578-0064-1</NDCCode>
<PackageDescription>59.1 mL in 1 BOTTLE, DROPPER (64578-0064-1) </PackageDescription>
<NDC11Code>64578-0064-01</NDC11Code>
<ProductNDC>64578-0064</ProductNDC>
<ProductTypeName>HUMAN OTC DRUG</ProductTypeName>
<ProprietaryName>Hepata-chord</ProprietaryName>
<NonProprietaryName>Homeopathic Liquid</NonProprietaryName>
<DosageFormName>LIQUID</DosageFormName>
<RouteName>ORAL</RouteName>
<StartMarketingDate>20141117</StartMarketingDate>
<MarketingCategoryName>UNAPPROVED HOMEOPATHIC</MarketingCategoryName>
<LabelerName>Energetix Corp</LabelerName>
<SubstanceName>ACETIC ACID; ALUMINUM OXIDE; ARCTIUM LAPPA ROOT; ASPIRIN; BENZENE; BERBERIS VULGARIS ROOT BARK; BOS TAURUS HYPOTHALAMUS; CENTELLA ASIATICA; CHELIDONIUM MAJUS; CHELONE GLABRA; CHLORAMPHENICOL; CHLORPROMAZINE; CHOLESTEROL; CORTISONE ACETATE; ESTRONE; GAMBOGE; KEROSENE; MILK THISTLE; PARAFFIN; PHENACETIN; PHOSPHORUS; PORK LIVER; SILICON DIOXIDE; SODIUM SULFATE; TARAXACUM OFFICINALE; THYROID, UNSPECIFIED</SubstanceName>
<StrengthNumber>18; 18; 4; 18; 12; 4; 12; 5; 4; 12; 18; 18; 12; 18; 18; 12; 18; 4; 18; 18; 12; 9; 12; 12; 4; 9</StrengthNumber>
<StrengthUnit>[hp_X]/59.1mL; [hp_X]/59.1mL; [hp_X]/59.1mL; [hp_X]/59.1mL; [hp_X]/59.1mL; [hp_X]/59.1mL; [hp_X]/59.1mL; [hp_X]/59.1mL; [hp_X]/59.1mL; [hp_X]/59.1mL; [hp_X]/59.1mL; [hp_X]/59.1mL; [hp_X]/59.1mL; [hp_X]/59.1mL; [hp_X]/59.1mL; [hp_X]/59.1mL; [hp_X]/59.1mL; [hp_X]/59.1mL; [hp_X]/59.1mL; [hp_X]/59.1mL; [hp_X]/59.1mL; [hp_X]/59.1mL; [hp_X]/59.1mL; [hp_X]/59.1mL; [hp_X]/59.1mL; [hp_X]/59.1mL</StrengthUnit>
<Pharm_Classes>Amphenicol-class Antibacterial [EPC], Amphenicols [EXT], Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal [CS], Corticosteroid Hormone Receptor Agonists [MoA], Corticosteroid [EPC], Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors [MoA], Decreased Platelet Aggregation [PE], Decreased Prostaglandin Production [PE], Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug [EPC], Phenothiazine [EPC], Phenothiazines [CS], Platelet Aggregation Inhibitor [EPC]</Pharm_Classes>
<Status>Deprecated</Status>
<LastUpdate>2026-01-01</LastUpdate>
<PackageNdcExcludeFlag>N</PackageNdcExcludeFlag>
<ProductNdcExcludeFlag>N</ProductNdcExcludeFlag>
<ListingRecordCertifiedThrough>20251231</ListingRecordCertifiedThrough>
<StartMarketingDatePackage>20160601</StartMarketingDatePackage>
<SamplePackage>N</SamplePackage>
<IndicationAndUsage>Uses. Temporary relief of skin rash, right-side abdominal discomfort, headache.</IndicationAndUsage>
</NDC>
<NDC>
<NDCCode>66579-0064-2</NDCCode>
<PackageDescription>59 mL in 1 BOTTLE, SPRAY (66579-0064-2)</PackageDescription>
<NDC11Code>66579-0064-02</NDC11Code>
<ProductNDC>66579-0064</ProductNDC>
<ProductTypeName>HUMAN OTC DRUG</ProductTypeName>
<ProprietaryName>Constitutional Immuno</ProprietaryName>
<NonProprietaryName>Aconitum Napellus, Arsenicum Album,baryta Carbonica, Bryonia, Calcarea Carbonica, Cantharis, Gelsemium Sempervirens, Graphites, Hydrastis Canadensis, Kali Carbonicum, Lachesis Mutus, Lycopodium Clavatum, Mercurius Vivus, Natrum Muriaticum, Nux Vomica, Phosphorus, Phytolacca Decandra, Pulsatilla, Rhus Toxicodendron, Sepia, Silicea, Sulphur</NonProprietaryName>
<DosageFormName>LIQUID</DosageFormName>
<RouteName>ORAL</RouteName>
<StartMarketingDate>20140730</StartMarketingDate>
<MarketingCategoryName>UNAPPROVED HOMEOPATHIC</MarketingCategoryName>
<LabelerName>New Sun Inc.</LabelerName>
<SubstanceName>ACONITUM NAPELLUS; ARSENIC TRIOXIDE; BARIUM CARBONATE; BRYONIA ALBA ROOT; OYSTER SHELL CALCIUM CARBONATE, CRUDE; LYTTA VESICATORIA; GELSEMIUM SEMPERVIRENS ROOT; GRAPHITE; GOLDENSEAL; POTASSIUM CARBONATE; LACHESIS MUTA VENOM; LYCOPODIUM CLAVATUM SPORE; MERCURY; SODIUM CHLORIDE; STRYCHNOS NUX-VOMICA SEED; PHOSPHORUS; PHYTOLACCA AMERICANA ROOT; PULSATILLA VULGARIS; TOXICODENDRON PUBESCENS LEAF; SEPIA OFFICINALIS JUICE; SILICON DIOXIDE; SULFUR</SubstanceName>
<StrengthNumber>30; 30; 30; 30; 30; 30; 30; 30; 30; 30; 30; 30; 30; 30; 30; 30; 30; 30; 30; 30; 30; 30</StrengthNumber>
<StrengthUnit>[hp_X]/59mL; [hp_X]/59mL; [hp_X]/59mL; [hp_X]/59mL; [hp_X]/59mL; [hp_X]/59mL; [hp_X]/59mL; [hp_X]/59mL; [hp_X]/59mL; [hp_X]/59mL; [hp_X]/59mL; [hp_X]/59mL; [hp_X]/59mL; [hp_X]/59mL; [hp_X]/59mL; [hp_X]/59mL; [hp_X]/59mL; [hp_X]/59mL; [hp_X]/59mL; [hp_X]/59mL; [hp_X]/59mL; [hp_X]/59mL</StrengthUnit>
<Status>Deprecated</Status>
<LastUpdate>2019-09-21</LastUpdate>
<ProductNdcExcludeFlag>E</ProductNdcExcludeFlag>
<ListingRecordCertifiedThrough>20181231</ListingRecordCertifiedThrough>
<IndicationAndUsage>Indications: A NATURAL AID FOR STRENGTHENING THE FUNCTIONS OF INNER SYSTEMS INCLUDING: 1 immune, 2 nervous, 3 digestive, 4 cardiovascular, 5 respiratory, 6 reproductive, 7 musculoskeletal, 8 lymphatic, 9 skin, 10 detoxification.</IndicationAndUsage>
</NDC>
<NDC>
<NDCCode>50804-064-02</NDCCode>
<PackageDescription>59 mL in 1 TUBE (50804-064-02) </PackageDescription>
<NDC11Code>50804-0064-02</NDC11Code>
<ProductNDC>50804-064</ProductNDC>
<ProductTypeName>HUMAN OTC DRUG</ProductTypeName>
<ProprietaryName>Goodsense Anti-itch</ProprietaryName>
<NonProprietaryName>Diphenhydramine Hcl, Zinc Acetate</NonProprietaryName>
<DosageFormName>SPRAY</DosageFormName>
<RouteName>TOPICAL</RouteName>
<StartMarketingDate>20250501</StartMarketingDate>
<MarketingCategoryName>OTC MONOGRAPH DRUG</MarketingCategoryName>
<ApplicationNumber>M017</ApplicationNumber>
<LabelerName>Geiss, Destin & Dunn, Inc</LabelerName>
<SubstanceName>DIPHENHYDRAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE; ZINC ACETATE</SubstanceName>
<StrengthNumber>2; .1</StrengthNumber>
<StrengthUnit>g/100mL; g/100mL</StrengthUnit>
<Pharm_Classes>Copper Absorption Inhibitor [EPC], Decreased Copper Ion Absorption [PE], Histamine H1 Receptor Antagonists [MoA], Histamine-1 Receptor Antagonist [EPC]</Pharm_Classes>
<Status>Active</Status>
<LastUpdate>2025-05-01</LastUpdate>
<PackageNdcExcludeFlag>N</PackageNdcExcludeFlag>
<ProductNdcExcludeFlag>N</ProductNdcExcludeFlag>
<ListingRecordCertifiedThrough>20261231</ListingRecordCertifiedThrough>
<StartMarketingDatePackage>20250501</StartMarketingDatePackage>
<SamplePackage>N</SamplePackage>
<IndicationAndUsage>For the temporary relief of pain and itching associated with rashes due to poison ivy, oak and sumac, insect bites, minor skin irritations, minor cuts, dries the oozing and weeping of poison ivy, oak and sumac.</IndicationAndUsage>
</NDC>
<NDC>
<NDCCode>54860-064-01</NDCCode>
<PackageDescription>59 mL in 1 BOTTLE (54860-064-01)</PackageDescription>
<NDC11Code>54860-0064-01</NDC11Code>
<ProductNDC>54860-064</ProductNDC>
<ProductTypeName>HUMAN OTC DRUG</ProductTypeName>
<ProprietaryName>Scented Hand Sanitizer</ProprietaryName>
<NonProprietaryName>Benzalkonium Chloride</NonProprietaryName>
<DosageFormName>GEL</DosageFormName>
<RouteName>TOPICAL</RouteName>
<StartMarketingDate>20170117</StartMarketingDate>
<MarketingCategoryName>OTC MONOGRAPH NOT FINAL</MarketingCategoryName>
<ApplicationNumber>part333E</ApplicationNumber>
<LabelerName>Shenzhen Lantern Science Co., Ltd.</LabelerName>
<SubstanceName>BENZALKONIUM CHLORIDE</SubstanceName>
<StrengthNumber>1</StrengthNumber>
<StrengthUnit>g/59mL</StrengthUnit>
<Status>Deprecated</Status>
<LastUpdate>2022-01-04</LastUpdate>
<ProductNdcExcludeFlag>N</ProductNdcExcludeFlag>
<ListingRecordCertifiedThrough>20211231</ListingRecordCertifiedThrough>
<IndicationAndUsage>Hand Sanitizer.</IndicationAndUsage>
</NDC>
<NDC>
<NDCCode>72005-064-01</NDCCode>
<PackageDescription>59 mL in 1 BOTTLE, PLASTIC (72005-064-01) </PackageDescription>
<NDC11Code>72005-0064-01</NDC11Code>
<ProductNDC>72005-064</ProductNDC>
<ProductTypeName>HUMAN OTC DRUG</ProductTypeName>
<ProprietaryName>Frozen Bubble Gum Scented Hand Sanitizer</ProprietaryName>
<ProprietaryNameSuffix>01</ProprietaryNameSuffix>
<NonProprietaryName>Chloroxylenol</NonProprietaryName>
<DosageFormName>LIQUID</DosageFormName>
<RouteName>TOPICAL</RouteName>
<StartMarketingDate>20200515</StartMarketingDate>
<EndMarketingDate>20230531</EndMarketingDate>
<MarketingCategoryName>OTC MONOGRAPH NOT FINAL</MarketingCategoryName>
<ApplicationNumber>part333A</ApplicationNumber>
<LabelerName>Townley Inc.</LabelerName>
<SubstanceName>CHLOROXYLENOL</SubstanceName>
<StrengthNumber>.015</StrengthNumber>
<StrengthUnit>g/100mL</StrengthUnit>
<Status>Deprecated</Status>
<LastUpdate>2021-04-21</LastUpdate>
<PackageNdcExcludeFlag>N</PackageNdcExcludeFlag>
<ProductNdcExcludeFlag>N</ProductNdcExcludeFlag>
<StartMarketingDatePackage>20200515</StartMarketingDatePackage>
<EndMarketingDatePackage>20230531</EndMarketingDatePackage>
<SamplePackage>N</SamplePackage>
</NDC>
<NDC>
<NDCCode>76383-064-01</NDCCode>
<PackageDescription>59 mL in 1 BOTTLE, PLASTIC (76383-064-01) </PackageDescription>
<NDC11Code>76383-0064-01</NDC11Code>
<ProductNDC>76383-064</ProductNDC>
<ProductTypeName>HUMAN OTC DRUG</ProductTypeName>
<ProprietaryName>Frozen Blueberry Scented Hand Sanitizer</ProprietaryName>
<ProprietaryNameSuffix>01</ProprietaryNameSuffix>
<NonProprietaryName>Chloroxylenol</NonProprietaryName>
<DosageFormName>LIQUID</DosageFormName>
<RouteName>TOPICAL</RouteName>
<StartMarketingDate>20200515</StartMarketingDate>
<MarketingCategoryName>OTC MONOGRAPH NOT FINAL</MarketingCategoryName>
<ApplicationNumber>part333A</ApplicationNumber>
<LabelerName>BBC GROUP LIMITED</LabelerName>
<SubstanceName>CHLOROXYLENOL</SubstanceName>
<StrengthNumber>.015</StrengthNumber>
<StrengthUnit>g/100mL</StrengthUnit>
<Status>Deprecated</Status>
<LastUpdate>2022-01-04</LastUpdate>
<PackageNdcExcludeFlag>N</PackageNdcExcludeFlag>
<ProductNdcExcludeFlag>N</ProductNdcExcludeFlag>
<ListingRecordCertifiedThrough>20211231</ListingRecordCertifiedThrough>
<StartMarketingDatePackage>20200515</StartMarketingDatePackage>
<SamplePackage>N</SamplePackage>
<IndicationAndUsage>To decrease bacteria on the skin that could cause disease.</IndicationAndUsage>
</NDC>
<NDC>
<NDCCode>80684-064-02</NDCCode>
<PackageDescription>59 mL in 1 BOTTLE (80684-064-02) </PackageDescription>
<NDC11Code>80684-0064-02</NDC11Code>
<ProductNDC>80684-064</ProductNDC>
<ProductTypeName>HUMAN OTC DRUG</ProductTypeName>
<ProprietaryName>Pumpkin Spice Scented Clip On Hand Sanitizer</ProprietaryName>
<NonProprietaryName>Alcohol</NonProprietaryName>
<DosageFormName>GEL</DosageFormName>
<RouteName>TOPICAL</RouteName>
<StartMarketingDate>20220510</StartMarketingDate>
<MarketingCategoryName>OTC MONOGRAPH DRUG</MarketingCategoryName>
<ApplicationNumber>505G(a)(3)</ApplicationNumber>
<LabelerName>Fourstar Group USA, Inc.</LabelerName>
<SubstanceName>ALCOHOL</SubstanceName>
<StrengthNumber>70</StrengthNumber>
<StrengthUnit>mL/100mL</StrengthUnit>
<Status>Active</Status>
<LastUpdate>2023-10-28</LastUpdate>
<PackageNdcExcludeFlag>N</PackageNdcExcludeFlag>
<ProductNdcExcludeFlag>N</ProductNdcExcludeFlag>
<ListingRecordCertifiedThrough>20261231</ListingRecordCertifiedThrough>
<StartMarketingDatePackage>20220510</StartMarketingDatePackage>
<SamplePackage>N</SamplePackage>
<IndicationAndUsage>hand sanitizer to help reduce bacteria on skin.</IndicationAndUsage>
</NDC>
<NDC>
<NDCCode>0074-4456-04</NDCCode>
<PackageDescription>250 mL in 1 BOTTLE, PLASTIC (0074-4456-04) </PackageDescription>
<NDC11Code>00074-4456-04</NDC11Code>
<ProductNDC>0074-4456</ProductNDC>
<ProductTypeName>HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG</ProductTypeName>
<ProprietaryName>Ultane</ProprietaryName>
<NonProprietaryName>Sevoflurane</NonProprietaryName>
<DosageFormName>LIQUID</DosageFormName>
<RouteName>RESPIRATORY (INHALATION)</RouteName>
<StartMarketingDate>19950607</StartMarketingDate>
<MarketingCategoryName>NDA</MarketingCategoryName>
<ApplicationNumber>NDA020478</ApplicationNumber>
<LabelerName>AbbVie Inc.</LabelerName>
<SubstanceName>SEVOFLURANE</SubstanceName>
<StrengthNumber>250</StrengthNumber>
<StrengthUnit>mL/250mL</StrengthUnit>
<Pharm_Classes>General Anesthesia [PE], General Anesthetic [EPC]</Pharm_Classes>
<Status>Active</Status>
<LastUpdate>2025-02-14</LastUpdate>
<PackageNdcExcludeFlag>N</PackageNdcExcludeFlag>
<ProductNdcExcludeFlag>N</ProductNdcExcludeFlag>
<ListingRecordCertifiedThrough>20261231</ListingRecordCertifiedThrough>
<StartMarketingDatePackage>19950607</StartMarketingDatePackage>
<SamplePackage>N</SamplePackage>
<IndicationAndUsage>ULTANE is indicated for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia in adult and pediatric patients for inpatient and outpatient surgery. ULTANE should be administered only by persons trained in the administration of general anesthesia. Facilities for maintenance of a patent airway, artificial ventilation, oxygen enrichment, and circulatory resuscitation must be immediately available. Since level of anesthesia may be altered rapidly, only vaporizers producing predictable concentrations of sevoflurane should be used.</IndicationAndUsage>
<Description>ULTANE (sevoflurane), volatile liquid for inhalation, a nonflammable and nonexplosive liquid administered by vaporization, is a halogenated general inhalation anesthetic drug. Sevoflurane is fluoromethyl 2,2,2,-trifluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl) ethyl ether and its structural formula is:. Sevoflurane is nonflammable and nonexplosive as defined by the requirements of International Electrotechnical Commission 601-2-13. Sevoflurane is a clear, colorless, liquid containing no additives. Sevoflurane is not corrosive to stainless steel, brass, aluminum, nickel-plated brass, chrome-plated brass or copper beryllium. Sevoflurane is nonpungent. It is miscible with ethanol, ether, chloroform, and benzene, and it is slightly soluble in water. Sevoflurane is stable when stored under normal room lighting conditions according to instructions. No discernible degradation of sevoflurane occurs in the presence of strong acids or heat. When in contact with alkaline CO2 absorbents (e.g., Baralyme® and to a lesser extent soda lime) within the anesthesia machine, sevoflurane can undergo degradation under certain conditions. Degradation of sevoflurane is minimal, and degradants are either undetectable or present in non-toxic amounts when used as directed with fresh absorbents. Sevoflurane degradation and subsequent degradant formation are enhanced by increasing absorbent temperature increased sevoflurane concentration, decreased fresh gas flow and desiccated CO2 absorbents (especially with potassium hydroxide containing absorbents e.g., Baralyme). Sevoflurane alkaline degradation occurs by two pathways. The first results from the loss of hydrogen fluoride with the formation of pentafluoroisopropenyl fluoromethyl ether, (PIFE, C4H2F6O), also known as Compound A, and trace amounts of pentafluoromethoxy isopropyl fluoromethyl ether, (PMFE, C5H6F6O), also known as Compound B. The second pathway for degradation of sevoflurane, which occurs primarily in the presence of desiccated CO2 absorbents, is discussed later. In the first pathway, the defluorination pathway, the production of degradants in the anesthesia circuit results from the extraction of the acidic proton in the presence of a strong base (KOH and/or NaOH) forming an alkene (Compound A) from sevoflurane similar to formation of 2-bromo-2-chloro-1,1-difluoro ethylene (BCDFE) from halothane. Laboratory simulations have shown that the concentration of these degradants is inversely correlated with the fresh gas flow rate (See Figure 1). Since the reaction of carbon dioxide with absorbents is exothermic, the temperature increase will be determined by quantities of CO2 absorbed, which in turn will depend on fresh gas flow in the anesthesia circle system, metabolic status of the patient, and ventilation. The relationship of temperature produced by varying levels of CO2 and Compound A production is illustrated in the following in vitro simulation where CO2 was added to a circle absorber system. Compound A concentration in a circle absorber system increases as a function of increasing CO2 absorbent temperature and composition (Baralyme producing higher levels than soda lime), increased body temperature, and increased minute ventilation, and decreasing fresh gas flow rates. It has been reported that the concentration of Compound A increases significantly with prolonged dehydration of Baralyme. Compound A exposure in patients also has been shown to rise with increased sevoflurane concentrations and duration of anesthesia. In a clinical study in which sevoflurane was administered to patients under low flow conditions for ≥ 2 hours at flow rates of 1 Liter/minute, Compound A levels were measured in an effort to determine the relationship between MAC hours and Compound A levels produced. The relationship between Compound A levels and sevoflurane exposure are shown in Figure 2a. Compound A has been shown to be nephrotoxic in rats after exposures that have varied in duration from one to three hours. No histopathologic change was seen at a concentration of up to 270 ppm for one hour. Sporadic single cell necrosis of proximal tubule cells has been reported at a concentration of 114 ppm after a 3-hour exposure to Compound A in rats. The LC50 reported at 1 hour is 1050-1090 ppm (male-female) and, at 3 hours, 350-490 ppm (male-female). An experiment was performed comparing sevoflurane plus 75 or 100 ppm Compound A with an active control to evaluate the potential nephrotoxicity of Compound A in non-human primates. A single 8-hour exposure of Sevoflurane in the presence of Compound A produced single-cell renal tubular degeneration and single-cell necrosis in cynomolgus monkeys. These changes are consistent with the increased urinary protein, glucose level and enzymic activity noted on days one and three on the clinical pathology evaluation. This nephrotoxicity produced by Compound A is dose and duration of exposure dependent. At a fresh gas flow rate of 1 L/min, mean maximum concentrations of Compound A in the anesthesia circuit in clinical settings are approximately 20 ppm (0.002%) with soda lime and 30 ppm (0.003%) with Baralyme in adult patients; mean maximum concentrations in pediatric patients with soda lime are about half those found in adults. The highest concentration observed in a single patient with Baralyme was 61 ppm (0.0061%) and 32 ppm (0.0032%) with soda lime. The levels of Compound A at which toxicity occurs in humans is not known. The second pathway for degradation of sevoflurane occurs primarily in the presence of desiccated CO2 absorbents and leads to the dissociation of sevoflurane into hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) and formaldehyde. HFIP is inactive, non-genotoxic, rapidly glucuronidated and cleared by the liver. Formaldehyde is present during normal metabolic processes. Upon exposure to a highly desiccated absorbent, formaldehyde can further degrade into methanol and formate. Formate can contribute to the formation of carbon monoxide in the presence of high temperature that can be associated with desiccated Baralyme®. Methanol can react with Compound A to form the methoxy addition product Compound B. Compound B can undergo further HF elimination to form Compounds C, D, and E. Sevoflurane degradants were observed in the respiratory circuit of an experimental anesthesia machine using desiccated CO2 absorbents and maximum sevoflurane concentrations (8%) for extended periods of time (> 2 hours). Concentrations of formaldehyde observed with desiccated soda lime in this experimental anesthesia respiratory circuit were consistent with levels that could potentially result in respiratory irritation. Although KOH containing CO2 absorbents are no longer commercially available, in the laboratory experiments, exposure of sevoflurane to the desiccated KOH containing CO2 absorbent, Baralyme, resulted in the detection of substantially greater degradant levels.</Description>
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<MarketingCategoryName>NDA</MarketingCategoryName>
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<LabelerName>AbbVie Inc.</LabelerName>
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<StrengthUnit>mL/250mL</StrengthUnit>
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<IndicationAndUsage>ULTANE is indicated for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia in adult and pediatric patients for inpatient and outpatient surgery. ULTANE should be administered only by persons trained in the administration of general anesthesia. Facilities for maintenance of a patent airway, artificial ventilation, oxygen enrichment, and circulatory resuscitation must be immediately available. Since level of anesthesia may be altered rapidly, only vaporizers producing predictable concentrations of sevoflurane should be used.</IndicationAndUsage>
<Description>ULTANE (sevoflurane), volatile liquid for inhalation, a nonflammable and nonexplosive liquid administered by vaporization, is a halogenated general inhalation anesthetic drug. Sevoflurane is fluoromethyl 2,2,2,-trifluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl) ethyl ether and its structural formula is:. Sevoflurane is nonflammable and nonexplosive as defined by the requirements of International Electrotechnical Commission 601-2-13. Sevoflurane is a clear, colorless, liquid containing no additives. Sevoflurane is not corrosive to stainless steel, brass, aluminum, nickel-plated brass, chrome-plated brass or copper beryllium. Sevoflurane is nonpungent. It is miscible with ethanol, ether, chloroform, and benzene, and it is slightly soluble in water. Sevoflurane is stable when stored under normal room lighting conditions according to instructions. No discernible degradation of sevoflurane occurs in the presence of strong acids or heat. When in contact with alkaline CO2 absorbents (e.g., Baralyme® and to a lesser extent soda lime) within the anesthesia machine, sevoflurane can undergo degradation under certain conditions. Degradation of sevoflurane is minimal, and degradants are either undetectable or present in non-toxic amounts when used as directed with fresh absorbents. Sevoflurane degradation and subsequent degradant formation are enhanced by increasing absorbent temperature increased sevoflurane concentration, decreased fresh gas flow and desiccated CO2 absorbents (especially with potassium hydroxide containing absorbents e.g., Baralyme). Sevoflurane alkaline degradation occurs by two pathways. The first results from the loss of hydrogen fluoride with the formation of pentafluoroisopropenyl fluoromethyl ether, (PIFE, C4H2F6O), also known as Compound A, and trace amounts of pentafluoromethoxy isopropyl fluoromethyl ether, (PMFE, C5H6F6O), also known as Compound B. The second pathway for degradation of sevoflurane, which occurs primarily in the presence of desiccated CO2 absorbents, is discussed later. In the first pathway, the defluorination pathway, the production of degradants in the anesthesia circuit results from the extraction of the acidic proton in the presence of a strong base (KOH and/or NaOH) forming an alkene (Compound A) from sevoflurane similar to formation of 2-bromo-2-chloro-1,1-difluoro ethylene (BCDFE) from halothane. Laboratory simulations have shown that the concentration of these degradants is inversely correlated with the fresh gas flow rate (See Figure 1). Figure 1. Fresh Gas Flow Rate versus Compound A Levels in a Circle Absorber System. Since the reaction of carbon dioxide with absorbents is exothermic, the temperature increase will be determined by quantities of CO2 absorbed, which in turn will depend on fresh gas flow in the anesthesia circle system, metabolic status of the patient, and ventilation. The relationship of temperature produced by varying levels of CO2 and Compound A production is illustrated in the following in vitro simulation where CO2 was added to a circle absorber system. Figure 2. Carbon Dioxide Flow versus Compound A and Maximum Temperature. Compound A concentration in a circle absorber system increases as a function of increasing CO2 absorbent temperature and composition (Baralyme producing higher levels than soda lime), increased body temperature, and increased minute ventilation, and decreasing fresh gas flow rates. It has been reported that the concentration of Compound A increases significantly with prolonged dehydration of Baralyme. Compound A exposure in patients also has been shown to rise with increased sevoflurane concentrations and duration of anesthesia. In a clinical study in which sevoflurane was administered to patients under low flow conditions for ≥ 2 hours at flow rates of 1 Liter/minute, Compound A levels were measured in an effort to determine the relationship between MAC hours and Compound A levels produced. The relationship between Compound A levels and sevoflurane exposure are shown in Figure 2a. Figure 2a. ppm·hr versus MAC·hr at Flow Rate of 1 L/min. Compound A has been shown to be nephrotoxic in rats after exposures that have varied in duration from one to three hours. No histopathologic change was seen at a concentration of up to 270 ppm for one hour. Sporadic single cell necrosis of proximal tubule cells has been reported at a concentration of 114 ppm after a 3-hour exposure to Compound A in rats. The LC50 reported at 1 hour is 1050-1090 ppm (male-female) and, at 3 hours, 350-490 ppm (male-female). An experiment was performed comparing sevoflurane plus 75 or 100 ppm Compound A with an active control to evaluate the potential nephrotoxicity of Compound A in non-human primates. A single 8-hour exposure of Sevoflurane in the presence of Compound A produced single-cell renal tubular degeneration and single-cell necrosis in cynomolgus monkeys. These changes are consistent with the increased urinary protein, glucose level and enzymic activity noted on days one and three on the clinical pathology evaluation. This nephrotoxicity produced by Compound A is dose and duration of exposure dependent. At a fresh gas flow rate of 1 L/min, mean maximum concentrations of Compound A in the anesthesia circuit in clinical settings are approximately 20 ppm (0.002%) with soda lime and 30 ppm (0.003%) with Baralyme in adult patients; mean maximum concentrations in pediatric patients with soda lime are about half those found in adults. The highest concentration observed in a single patient with Baralyme was 61 ppm (0.0061%) and 32 ppm (0.0032%) with soda lime. The levels of Compound A at which toxicity occurs in humans is not known. The second pathway for degradation of sevoflurane occurs primarily in the presence of desiccated CO2 absorbents and leads to the dissociation of sevoflurane into hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) and formaldehyde. HFIP is inactive, non-genotoxic, rapidly glucuronidated and cleared by the liver. Formaldehyde is present during normal metabolic processes. Upon exposure to a highly desiccated absorbent, formaldehyde can further degrade into methanol and formate. Formate can contribute to the formation of carbon monoxide in the presence of high temperature that can be associated with desiccated Baralyme®. Methanol can react with Compound A to form the methoxy addition product Compound B. Compound B can undergo further HF elimination to form Compounds C, D, and E. Sevoflurane degradants were observed in the respiratory circuit of an experimental anesthesia machine using desiccated CO2 absorbents and maximum sevoflurane concentrations (8%) for extended periods of time (> 2 hours). Concentrations of formaldehyde observed with desiccated soda lime in this experimental anesthesia respiratory circuit were consistent with levels that could potentially result in respiratory irritation. Although KOH containing CO2 absorbents are no longer commercially available, in the laboratory experiments, exposure of sevoflurane to the desiccated KOH containing CO2 absorbent, Baralyme, resulted in the detection of substantially greater degradant levels.</Description>
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<ProprietaryName>Allegra D-12 Hour</ProprietaryName>
<NonProprietaryName>Fexofenadine Hydrochloride And Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride</NonProprietaryName>
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<LastUpdate>2018-09-28</LastUpdate>
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<ApplicationNumber>NDA020786</ApplicationNumber>
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<StrengthUnit>mg/1; mg/1</StrengthUnit>
<Pharm_Classes>Histamine H1 Receptor Antagonists [MoA],Histamine-1 Receptor Antagonist [EPC],Adrenergic alpha-Agonists [MoA],alpha-Adrenergic Agonist [EPC]</Pharm_Classes>
<Status>Deprecated</Status>
<LastUpdate>2018-09-28</LastUpdate>
<ProductNdcExcludeFlag>E</ProductNdcExcludeFlag>
<ListingRecordCertifiedThrough>20171231</ListingRecordCertifiedThrough>
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<ProductNDC>0164-1090</ProductNDC>
<ProductTypeName>BULK INGREDIENT</ProductTypeName>
<NonProprietaryName>Echinacea Angustifolia</NonProprietaryName>
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<MarketingCategoryName>BULK INGREDIENT FOR HUMAN PRESCRIPTION COMPOUNDING</MarketingCategoryName>
<LabelerName>Weleda A.G. Schw�bisch Gm�nd, Zweigniederlassung der Weled</LabelerName>
<SubstanceName>ECHINACEA ANGUSTIFOLIA</SubstanceName>
<StrengthNumber>1</StrengthNumber>
<StrengthUnit>kg/kg</StrengthUnit>
<Status>Deprecated</Status>
<LastUpdate>2014-02-04</LastUpdate>
<ListingRecordCertifiedThrough>20201231</ListingRecordCertifiedThrough>
</NDC>
<NDC>
<NDCCode>0186-1090-05</NDCCode>
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<EndMarketingDate>20210531</EndMarketingDate>
<MarketingCategoryName>NDA</MarketingCategoryName>
<ApplicationNumber>NDA019962</ApplicationNumber>
<LabelerName>AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP</LabelerName>
<SubstanceName>METOPROLOL SUCCINATE</SubstanceName>
<StrengthNumber>50</StrengthNumber>
<StrengthUnit>mg/1</StrengthUnit>
<Pharm_Classes>Adrenergic beta-Antagonists [MoA],beta-Adrenergic Blocker [EPC]</Pharm_Classes>
<Status>Deprecated</Status>
<LastUpdate>2021-06-02</LastUpdate>
<PackageNdcExcludeFlag>N</PackageNdcExcludeFlag>
<ProductNdcExcludeFlag>N</ProductNdcExcludeFlag>
<StartMarketingDatePackage>19920201</StartMarketingDatePackage>
<EndMarketingDatePackage>20210531</EndMarketingDatePackage>
<SamplePackage>N</SamplePackage>
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<NDC>
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<ProductNDC>0186-1090</ProductNDC>
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<Pharm_Classes>Adrenergic beta-Antagonists [MoA],beta-Adrenergic Blocker [EPC]</Pharm_Classes>
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<LabelerName>AstraZeneca LP</LabelerName>
<SubstanceName>METOPROLOL SUCCINATE</SubstanceName>
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<StrengthUnit>mg/1</StrengthUnit>
<Pharm_Classes>Adrenergic beta-Antagonists [MoA],beta-Adrenergic Blocker [EPC]</Pharm_Classes>
<Status>Deprecated</Status>
<LastUpdate>2014-03-12</LastUpdate>
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<NDC>
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<StrengthNumber>50</StrengthNumber>
<StrengthUnit>mg/1</StrengthUnit>
<Pharm_Classes>Adrenergic beta-Antagonists [MoA],beta-Adrenergic Blocker [EPC]</Pharm_Classes>
<Status>Deprecated</Status>
<LastUpdate>2021-05-01</LastUpdate>
<PackageNdcExcludeFlag>N</PackageNdcExcludeFlag>
<ProductNdcExcludeFlag>N</ProductNdcExcludeFlag>
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<SamplePackage>N</SamplePackage>
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<NDC>
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<StrengthUnit>mg/1</StrengthUnit>
<Pharm_Classes>Adrenergic beta-Antagonists [MoA],beta-Adrenergic Blocker [EPC]</Pharm_Classes>
<Status>Deprecated</Status>
<LastUpdate>2019-03-01</LastUpdate>
<PackageNdcExcludeFlag>N</PackageNdcExcludeFlag>
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<SamplePackage>N</SamplePackage>
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<ProprietaryName>Cold Relief</ProprietaryName>
<NonProprietaryName>Zinc Gluconate</NonProprietaryName>
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<MarketingCategoryName>UNAPPROVED HOMEOPATHIC</MarketingCategoryName>
<LabelerName>Walgreen Company</LabelerName>
<SubstanceName>ZINC GLUCONATE</SubstanceName>
<StrengthNumber>2</StrengthNumber>
<StrengthUnit>[hp_X]/1</StrengthUnit>
<Pharm_Classes>Copper Absorption Inhibitor [EPC], Decreased Copper Ion Absorption [PE]</Pharm_Classes>
<Status>Deprecated</Status>
<LastUpdate>2023-01-03</LastUpdate>
<PackageNdcExcludeFlag>N</PackageNdcExcludeFlag>
<ProductNdcExcludeFlag>N</ProductNdcExcludeFlag>
<ListingRecordCertifiedThrough>20221231</ListingRecordCertifiedThrough>
<StartMarketingDatePackage>20150611</StartMarketingDatePackage>
<SamplePackage>N</SamplePackage>
<IndicationAndUsage>Uses: 1 may help reduce the duration of common cold symptoms, 2 this product was formulated to help reduce the duration and severity of cold symptoms and was not formulated to be effective for flu or allergies.</IndicationAndUsage>
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<Description>Sevoflurane USP, volatile liquid for inhalation, a nonflammable and nonexplosive liquid administered by vaporization, is a halogenated general inhalation anesthetic drug. Sevoflurane is fluoromethyl 2,2,2,-trifluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl) ethyl ether and its structural formula is. Sevoflurane is nonflammable and nonexplosive as defined by the requirements of International Electrotechnical Commission 601-2-13. Sevoflurane is a clear, colorless, liquid containing no additives. Sevoflurane is not corrosive to stainless steel, brass, aluminum, nickel-plated brass, chrome-plated brass or copper beryllium. Sevoflurane is nonpungent. It is miscible with ethanol, ether, chloroform, and benzene, and it is slightly soluble in water. Sevoflurane is stable when stored under normal room lighting conditions according to instructions. No discernible degradation of sevoflurane occurs in the presence of strong acids or heat. When in contact with alkaline CO2 absorbents (e.g., Baralyme® and to a lesser extent soda lime) within the anesthesia machine, sevoflurane can undergo degradation under certain conditions. Degradation of sevoflurane is minimal, and degradants are either undetectable or present in non-toxic amounts when used as directed with fresh absorbents. Sevoflurane degradation and subsequent degradant formation are enhanced by increasing absorbent temperature increased sevoflurane concentration, decreased fresh gas flow and desiccated CO2 absorbents (especially with potassium hydroxide containing absorbents e.g., Baralyme). Sevoflurane alkaline degradation occurs by two pathways. The first results from the loss of hydrogen fluoride with the formation of pentafluoroisopropenyl fluoromethyl ether, (PIFE, C4H2F6O), also known as Compound A, and trace amounts of pentafluoromethoxy isopropyl fluoromethyl ether, (PMFE, C5H6F6O), also known as Compound B. The second pathway for degradation of sevoflurane, which occurs primarily in the presence of desiccated CO2 absorbents, is discussed later. In the first pathway, the defluorination pathway, the production of degradants in the anesthesia circuit results from the extraction of the acidic proton in the presence of a strong base (KOH and/or NaOH) forming an alkene (Compound A) from sevoflurane similar to formation of 2-bromo-2-chloro-1,1-difluoro ethylene (BCDFE) from halothane. Laboratory simulations have shown that the concentration of these degradants is inversely correlated with the fresh gas flow rate (See Figure 1). Figure 1. Fresh Gas Flow Rate versus Compound A Levels in a Circle Absorber System. Since the reaction of carbon dioxide with absorbents is exothermic, the temperature increase will be determined by quantities of CO2 absorbed, which in turn will depend on fresh gas flow in the anesthesia circle system, metabolic status of the patient, and ventilation. The relationship of temperature produced by varying levels of CO2 and Compound A production is illustrated in the following in vitro simulation where CO2 was added to a circle absorber system. Figure 2. Carbon Dioxide Flow versus Compound A and Maximum Temperature. Compound A concentration in a circle absorber system increases as a function of increasing CO2 absorbent temperature and composition (Baralyme producing higher levels than soda lime), increased body temperature, and increased minute ventilation, and decreasing fresh gas flow rates. It has been reported that the concentration of Compound A increases significantly with prolonged dehydration of Baralyme. Compound A exposure in patients also has been shown to rise with increased sevoflurane concentrations and duration of anesthesia. In a clinical study in which sevoflurane was administered to patients under low flow conditions for ≥ 2 hours at flow rates of 1 Liter/minute, Compound A levels were measured in an effort to determine the relationship between MAC hours and Compound A levels produced. The relationship between Compound A levels and sevoflurane exposure are shown in Figure 2a. Figure 2a. ppm·hr versus MAC·hr at Flow Rate of 1 L/min. Compound A has been shown to be nephrotoxic in rats after exposures that have varied in duration from one to three hours. No histopathologic change was seen at a concentration of up to 270 ppm for one hour. Sporadic single cell necrosis of proximal tubule cells has been reported at a concentration of 114 ppm after a 3-hour exposure to Compound A in rats. The LC50 reported at 1 hour is 1050-1090 ppm (male-female) and, at 3 hours, 350-490 ppm (male-female). An experiment was performed comparing sevoflurane plus 75 or 100 ppm Compound A with an active control to evaluate the potential nephrotoxicity of Compound A in non-human primates. A single 8-hour exposure of Sevoflurane in the presence of Compound A produced single-cell renal tubular degeneration and single-cell necrosis in cynomolgus monkeys. These changes are consistent with the increased urinary protein, glucose level and enzymic activity noted on days one and three on the clinical pathology evaluation. This nephrotoxicity produced by Compound A is dose and duration of exposure dependent. At a fresh gas flow rate of 1 L/min, mean maximum concentrations of Compound A in the anesthesia circuit in clinical settings are approximately 20 ppm (0.002%) with soda lime and 30 ppm (0.003%) with Baralyme in adult patients; mean maximum concentrations in pediatric patients with soda lime are about half those found in adults. The highest concentration observed in a single patient with Baralyme was 61 ppm (0.0061%) and 32 ppm (0.0032%) with soda lime. The levels of Compound A at which toxicity occurs in humans is not known. The second pathway for degradation of sevoflurane occurs primarily in the presence of desiccated CO2 absorbents and leads to the dissociation of sevoflurane into hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) and formaldehyde. HFIP is inactive, non-genotoxic, rapidly glucuronidated and cleared by the liver. Formaldehyde is present during normal metabolic processes. Upon exposure to a highly desiccated absorbent, formaldehyde can further degrade into methanol and formate. Formate can contribute to the formation of carbon monoxide in the presence of high temperature that can be associated with desiccated Baralyme®. Methanol can react with Compound A to form the methoxy addition product Compound B. Compound B can undergo further HF elimination to form Compounds C, D, and E. Sevoflurane degradants were observed in the respiratory circuit of an experimental anesthesia machine using desiccated CO2 absorbents and maximum sevoflurane concentrations (8%) for extended periods of time (> 2 hours). Concentrations of formaldehyde observed with desiccated soda lime in this experimental anesthesia respiratory circuit were consistent with levels that could potentially result in respiratory irritation. Although KOH containing CO2 absorbents are no longer commercially available, in the laboratory experiments, exposure of sevoflurane to the desiccated KOH containing CO2 absorbent, Baralyme, resulted in the detection of substantially greater degradant levels.</Description>
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<Description>Sevoflurane, USP, volatile liquid for inhalation, a nonflammable and nonexplosive liquid administered by vaporization, is a halogenated general inhalation anesthetic drug. Sevoflurane, USP is fluoromethyl 2,2,2,-trifluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl) ethyl ether and its structural formula is. Sevoflurane, USP is nonflammable and nonexplosive as defined by the requirements of International Electrotechnical Commission 601-2-13. Sevoflurane, USP is a clear, colorless, liquid containing no additives. Sevoflurane, USP is not corrosive to stainless steel, brass, aluminum, nickel-plated brass, chrome-plated brass or copper beryllium. Sevoflurane, USP is nonpungent. It is miscible with ethanol, ether, chloroform, and benzene, and it is slightly soluble in water. Sevoflurane, USP is stable when stored under normal room lighting conditions according to instructions. No discernible degradation of sevoflurane, USP occurs in the presence of strong acids or heat. When in contact with alkaline CO2 absorbents (e.g., Baralyme® and to a lesser extent soda lime) within the anesthesia machine, Sevoflurane, USP can undergo degradation under certain conditions. Degradation of sevoflurane, USP is minimal, and degradants are either undetectable or present in non-toxic amounts when used as directed with fresh absorbents. Sevoflurane, USP degradation and subsequent degradant formation are enhanced by increasing absorbent temperature increased sevoflurane, USP concentration, decreased fresh gas flow and desiccated CO2 absorbents (especially with potassium hydroxide containing absorbents e.g., Baralyme). Sevoflurane, USP alkaline degradation occurs by two pathways. The first results from the loss of hydrogen fluoride with the formation of pentafluoroisopropenyl fluoromethyl ether, (PIFE, C4H2F6O), also known as Compound A, and trace amounts of pentafluoromethoxy isopropyl fluoromethyl ether, (PMFE, C5H6F6O), also known as Compound B. The second pathway for degradation of sevoflurane, USP, which occurs primarily in the presence of desiccated CO2 absorbents, is discussed later. In the first pathway, the defluorination pathway, the production of degradants in the anesthesia circuit results from the extraction of the acidic proton in the presence of a strong base (KOH and/or NaOH) forming an alkene (Compound A) from sevoflurane, USP similar to formation of 2-bromo-2-chloro-1,1-difluoro ethylene (BCDFE) from halothane. Laboratory simulations have shown that the concentration of these degradants is inversely correlated with the fresh gas flow rate (See Figure 1). Since the reaction of carbon dioxide with absorbents is exothermic, the temperature increase will be determined by quantities of CO2 absorbed, which in turn will depend on fresh gas flow in the anesthesia circle system, metabolic status of the patient, and ventilation. The relationship of temperature produced by varying levels of CO2 and Compound A production is illustrated in the following in vitro simulation where CO2 was added to a circle absorber system. Compound A concentration in a circle absorber system increases as a function of increasing CO2 absorbent temperature and composition (Baralyme producing higher levels than soda lime), increased body temperature, and increased minute ventilation, and decreasing fresh gas flow rates. It has been reported that the concentration of Compound A increases significantly with prolonged dehydration of Baralyme. Compound A exposure in patients also has been shown to rise with increased sevoflurane, USP concentrations and duration of anesthesia. In a clinical study in which sevoflurane, USP was administered to patients under low flow conditions for ≥ 2 hours at flow rates of 1 Liter/minute, Compound A levels were measured in an effort to determine the relationship between MAC hours and Compound A levels produced. The relationship between Compound A levels and sevoflurane, USP exposure are shown in Figure 2a. Compound A has been shown to be nephrotoxic in rats after exposures that have varied in duration from one to three hours. No histopathologic change was seen at a concentration of up to 270 ppm for one hour. Sporadic single cell necrosis of proximal tubule cells has been reported at a concentration of 114 ppm after a 3-hour exposure to Compound A in rats. The LC50 reported at 1 hour is 1050-1090 ppm (male-female) and, at 3 hours, 350-490 ppm (male-female). An experiment was performed comparing sevoflurane, USP plus 75 or 100 ppm Compound A with an active control to evaluate the potential nephrotoxicity of Compound A in non-human primates. A single 8-hour exposure of Sevoflurane, USP in the presence of Compound A produced single-cell renal tubular degeneration and single-cell necrosis in cynomolgus monkeys. These changes are consistent with the increased urinary protein, glucose level and enzymic activity noted on days one and three on the clinical pathology evaluation. This nephrotoxicity produced by Compound A is dose and duration of exposure dependent. At a fresh gas flow rate of 1 L/min, mean maximum concentrations of Compound A in the anesthesia circuit in clinical settings are approximately 20 ppm (0.002%) with soda lime and 30 ppm (0.003%) with Baralyme in adult patients; mean maximum concentrations in pediatric patients with soda lime are about half those found in adults. The highest concentration observed in a single patient with Baralyme was 61 ppm (0.0061%) and 32 ppm (0.0032%) with soda lime. The levels of Compound A at which toxicity occurs in humans is not known. The second pathway for degradation of sevoflurane, USP occurs primarily in the presence of desiccated CO2 absorbents and leads to the dissociation of sevoflurane, USP into hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) and formaldehyde. HFIP is inactive, non-genotoxic, rapidly glucuronidated and cleared by the liver. Formaldehyde is present during normal metabolic processes. Upon exposure to a highly desiccated absorbent, formaldehyde can further degrade into methanol and formate. Formate can contribute to the formation of carbon monoxide in the presence of high temperature that can be associated with desiccated Baralyme®. Methanol can react with Compound A to form the methoxy addition product Compound B. Compound B can undergo further HF elimination to form Compounds C, D, and E. Sevoflurane, USP degradants were observed in the respiratory circuit of an experimental anesthesia machine using desiccated CO2 absorbents and maximum sevoflurane, USP concentrations (8%) for extended periods of time (˃ 2 hours). Concentrations of formaldehyde observed with desiccated soda lime in this experimental anesthesia respiratory circuit were consistent with levels that could potentially result in respiratory irritation. Although KOH containing CO2 absorbents are no longer commercially available, in the laboratory experiments, exposure of sevoflurane, USP to the desiccated KOH containing CO2 absorbent, Baralyme, resulted in the detection of substantially greater degradant levels.</Description>
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<Description>Sevoflurane, USP, volatile liquid for inhalation, a nonflammable and nonexplosive liquid administered by vaporization, is a halogenated general inhalation anesthetic drug. Sevoflurane, USP is fluoromethyl 2,2,2,-trifluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl) ethyl ether and its structural formula is. Sevoflurane, USP is nonflammable and nonexplosive as defined by the requirements of International Electrotechnical Commission 601-2-13. Sevoflurane, USP is a clear, colorless, liquid containing no additives. Sevoflurane, USP is not corrosive to stainless steel, brass, aluminum, nickel-plated brass, chrome-plated brass or copper beryllium. Sevoflurane, USP is nonpungent. It is miscible with ethanol, ether, chloroform, and benzene, and it is slightly soluble in water. Sevoflurane, USP is stable when stored under normal room lighting conditions according to instructions. No discernible degradation of sevoflurane, USP occurs in the presence of strong acids or heat. When in contact with alkaline CO2 absorbents (e.g., Baralyme® and to a lesser extent soda lime) within the anesthesia machine, Sevoflurane, USP can undergo degradation under certain conditions. Degradation of sevoflurane, USP is minimal, and degradants are either undetectable or present in non-toxic amounts when used as directed with fresh absorbents. Sevoflurane, USP degradation and subsequent degradant formation are enhanced by increasing absorbent temperature increased sevoflurane, USP concentration, decreased fresh gas flow and desiccated CO2 absorbents (especially with potassium hydroxide containing absorbents e.g., Baralyme). Sevoflurane, USP alkaline degradation occurs by two pathways. The first results from the loss of hydrogen fluoride with the formation of pentafluoroisopropenyl fluoromethyl ether, (PIFE, C4H2F6O), also known as Compound A, and trace amounts of pentafluoromethoxy isopropyl fluoromethyl ether, (PMFE, C5H6F6O), also known as Compound B. The second pathway for degradation of sevoflurane, USP, which occurs primarily in the presence of desiccated CO2 absorbents, is discussed later. In the first pathway, the defluorination pathway, the production of degradants in the anesthesia circuit results from the extraction of the acidic proton in the presence of a strong base (KOH and/or NaOH) forming an alkene (Compound A) from sevoflurane, USP similar to formation of 2-bromo-2-chloro-1,1-difluoro ethylene (BCDFE) from halothane. Laboratory simulations have shown that the concentration of these degradants is inversely correlated with the fresh gas flow rate (See Figure 1). Since the reaction of carbon dioxide with absorbents is exothermic, the temperature increase will be determined by quantities of CO2 absorbed, which in turn will depend on fresh gas flow in the anesthesia circle system, metabolic status of the patient, and ventilation. The relationship of temperature produced by varying levels of CO2 and Compound A production is illustrated in the following in vitro simulation where CO2 was added to a circle absorber system. Compound A concentration in a circle absorber system increases as a function of increasing CO2 absorbent temperature and composition (Baralyme producing higher levels than soda lime), increased body temperature, and increased minute ventilation, and decreasing fresh gas flow rates. It has been reported that the concentration of Compound A increases significantly with prolonged dehydration of Baralyme. Compound A exposure in patients also has been shown to rise with increased sevoflurane, USP concentrations and duration of anesthesia. In a clinical study in which sevoflurane, USP was administered to patients under low flow conditions for ≥ 2 hours at flow rates of 1 Liter/minute, Compound A levels were measured in an effort to determine the relationship between MAC hours and Compound A levels produced. The relationship between Compound A levels and sevoflurane, USP exposure are shown in Figure 2a. Compound A has been shown to be nephrotoxic in rats after exposures that have varied in duration from one to three hours. No histopathologic change was seen at a concentration of up to 270 ppm for one hour. Sporadic single cell necrosis of proximal tubule cells has been reported at a concentration of 114 ppm after a 3-hour exposure to Compound A in rats. The LC50 reported at 1 hour is 1050-1090 ppm (male-female) and, at 3 hours, 350-490 ppm (male-female). An experiment was performed comparing sevoflurane, USP plus 75 or 100 ppm Compound A with an active control to evaluate the potential nephrotoxicity of Compound A in non-human primates. A single 8-hour exposure of Sevoflurane, USP in the presence of Compound A produced single-cell renal tubular degeneration and single-cell necrosis in cynomolgus monkeys. These changes are consistent with the increased urinary protein, glucose level and enzymic activity noted on days one and three on the clinical pathology evaluation. This nephrotoxicity produced by Compound A is dose and duration of exposure dependent. At a fresh gas flow rate of 1 L/min, mean maximum concentrations of Compound A in the anesthesia circuit in clinical settings are approximately 20 ppm (0.002%) with soda lime and 30 ppm (0.003%) with Baralyme in adult patients; mean maximum concentrations in pediatric patients with soda lime are about half those found in adults. The highest concentration observed in a single patient with Baralyme was 61 ppm (0.0061%) and 32 ppm (0.0032%) with soda lime. The levels of Compound A at which toxicity occurs in humans is not known. The second pathway for degradation of sevoflurane, USP occurs primarily in the presence of desiccated CO2 absorbents and leads to the dissociation of sevoflurane, USP into hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) and formaldehyde. HFIP is inactive, non-genotoxic, rapidly glucuronidated and cleared by the liver. Formaldehyde is present during normal metabolic processes. Upon exposure to a highly desiccated absorbent, formaldehyde can further degrade into methanol and formate. Formate can contribute to the formation of carbon monoxide in the presence of high temperature that can be associated with desiccated Baralyme®. Methanol can react with Compound A to form the methoxy addition product Compound B. Compound B can undergo further HF elimination to form Compounds C, D, and E. Sevoflurane, USP degradants were observed in the respiratory circuit of an experimental anesthesia machine using desiccated CO2 absorbents and maximum sevoflurane, USP concentrations (8%) for extended periods of time (> 2 hours). Concentrations of formaldehyde observed with desiccated soda lime in this experimental anesthesia respiratory circuit were consistent with levels that could potentially result in respiratory irritation. Although KOH containing CO2 absorbents are no longer commercially available, in the laboratory experiments, exposure of sevoflurane, USP to the desiccated KOH containing CO2 absorbent, Baralyme, resulted in the detection of substantially greater degradant levels.</Description>
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<Description>Sevoflurane, USP, volatile liquid for inhalation, a nonflammable and nonexplosive liquid administered by vaporization, is a halogenated general inhalation anesthetic drug. Sevoflurane, USP is fluoromethyl 2,2,2,-trifluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl) ethyl ether and its structural formula is. Sevoflurane, USP is nonflammable and nonexplosive as defined by the requirements of International Electrotechnical Commission 601-2-13. Sevoflurane, USP is a clear, colorless, liquid containing no additives. Sevoflurane, USP is not corrosive to stainless steel, brass, aluminum, nickel-plated brass, chrome-plated brass or copper beryllium. Sevoflurane, USP is nonpungent. It is miscible with ethanol, ether, chloroform, and benzene, and it is slightly soluble in water. Sevoflurane, USP is stable when stored under normal room lighting conditions according to instructions. No discernible degradation of sevoflurane, USP occurs in the presence of strong acids or heat. When in contact with alkaline CO2 absorbents (e.g., Baralyme® and to a lesser extent soda lime) within the anesthesia machine, Sevoflurane, USP can undergo degradation under certain conditions. Degradation of sevoflurane, USP is minimal, and degradants are either undetectable or present in non-toxic amounts when used as directed with fresh absorbents. Sevoflurane, USP degradation and subsequent degradant formation are enhanced by increasing absorbent temperature increased sevoflurane, USP concentration, decreased fresh gas flow and desiccated CO2 absorbents (especially with potassium hydroxide containing absorbents e.g., Baralyme). Sevoflurane, USP alkaline degradation occurs by two pathways. The first results from the loss of hydrogen fluoride with the formation of pentafluoroisopropenyl fluoromethyl ether, (PIFE, C4H2F6O), also known as Compound A, and trace amounts of pentafluoromethoxy isopropyl fluoromethyl ether, (PMFE, C5H6F6O), also known as Compound B. The second pathway for degradation of sevoflurane, USP, which occurs primarily in the presence of desiccated CO2 absorbents, is discussed later. In the first pathway, the defluorination pathway, the production of degradants in the anesthesia circuit results from the extraction of the acidic proton in the presence of a strong base (KOH and/or NaOH) forming an alkene (Compound A) from sevoflurane, USP similar to formation of 2-bromo-2-chloro-1,1-difluoro ethylene (BCDFE) from halothane. Laboratory simulations have shown that the concentration of these degradants is inversely correlated with the fresh gas flow rate (See Figure 1). Since the reaction of carbon dioxide with absorbents is exothermic, the temperature increase will be determined by quantities of CO2 absorbed, which in turn will depend on fresh gas flow in the anesthesia circle system, metabolic status of the patient, and ventilation. The relationship of temperature produced by varying levels of CO2 and Compound A production is illustrated in the following in vitro simulation where CO2 was added to a circle absorber system. Compound A concentration in a circle absorber system increases as a function of increasing CO2 absorbent temperature and composition (Baralyme producing higher levels than soda lime), increased body temperature, and increased minute ventilation, and decreasing fresh gas flow rates. It has been reported that the concentration of Compound A increases significantly with prolonged dehydration of Baralyme. Compound A exposure in patients also has been shown to rise with increased sevoflurane, USP concentrations and duration of anesthesia. In a clinical study in which sevoflurane, USP was administered to patients under low flow conditions for ≥ 2 hours at flow rates of 1 Liter/minute, Compound A levels were measured in an effort to determine the relationship between MAC hours and Compound A levels produced. The relationship between Compound A levels and sevoflurane, USP exposure are shown in Figure 2a. Compound A has been shown to be nephrotoxic in rats after exposures that have varied in duration from one to three hours. No histopathologic change was seen at a concentration of up to 270 ppm for one hour. Sporadic single cell necrosis of proximal tubule cells has been reported at a concentration of 114 ppm after a 3-hour exposure to Compound A in rats. The LC50 reported at 1 hour is 1050-1090 ppm (male-female) and, at 3 hours, 350-490 ppm (male-female). An experiment was performed comparing sevoflurane, USP plus 75 or 100 ppm Compound A with an active control to evaluate the potential nephrotoxicity of Compound A in non-human primates. A single 8-hour exposure of Sevoflurane, USP in the presence of Compound A produced single-cell renal tubular degeneration and single-cell necrosis in cynomolgus monkeys. These changes are consistent with the increased urinary protein, glucose level and enzymic activity noted on days one and three on the clinical pathology evaluation. This nephrotoxicity produced by Compound A is dose and duration of exposure dependent. At a fresh gas flow rate of 1 L/min, mean maximum concentrations of Compound A in the anesthesia circuit in clinical settings are approximately 20 ppm (0.002%) with soda lime and 30 ppm (0.003%) with Baralyme in adult patients; mean maximum concentrations in pediatric patients with soda lime are about half those found in adults. The highest concentration observed in a single patient with Baralyme was 61 ppm (0.0061%) and 32 ppm (0.0032%) with soda lime. The levels of Compound A at which toxicity occurs in humans is not known. The second pathway for degradation of sevoflurane, USP occurs primarily in the presence of desiccated CO2 absorbents and leads to the dissociation of sevoflurane, USP into hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) and formaldehyde. HFIP is inactive, non-genotoxic, rapidly glucuronidated and cleared by the liver. Formaldehyde is present during normal metabolic processes. Upon exposure to a highly desiccated absorbent, formaldehyde can further degrade into methanol and formate. Formate can contribute to the formation of carbon monoxide in the presence of high temperature that can be associated with desiccated Baralyme®. Methanol can react with Compound A to form the methoxy addition product Compound B. Compound B can undergo further HF elimination to form Compounds C, D, and E. Sevoflurane, USP degradants were observed in the respiratory circuit of an experimental anesthesia machine using desiccated CO2 absorbents and maximum sevoflurane, USP concentrations (8%) for extended periods of time (˃ 2 hours). Concentrations of formaldehyde observed with desiccated soda lime in this experimental anesthesia respiratory circuit were consistent with levels that could potentially result in respiratory irritation. Although KOH containing CO2 absorbents are no longer commercially available, in the laboratory experiments, exposure of sevoflurane, USP to the desiccated KOH containing CO2 absorbent, Baralyme, resulted in the detection of substantially greater degradant levels.</Description>
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<PackageDescription>6 BOTTLE in 1 CARTON (10019-657-06) / 250 mL in 1 BOTTLE</PackageDescription>
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<ProductNDC>10019-657</ProductNDC>
<ProductTypeName>HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG</ProductTypeName>
<ProprietaryName>Sevoflurane</ProprietaryName>
<NonProprietaryName>Sevoflurane</NonProprietaryName>
<DosageFormName>LIQUID</DosageFormName>
<RouteName>RESPIRATORY (INHALATION)</RouteName>
<StartMarketingDate>20020707</StartMarketingDate>
<MarketingCategoryName>ANDA</MarketingCategoryName>
<ApplicationNumber>ANDA075895</ApplicationNumber>
<LabelerName>Baxter Healthcare Corporation</LabelerName>
<SubstanceName>SEVOFLURANE</SubstanceName>
<StrengthNumber>250</StrengthNumber>
<StrengthUnit>mL/250mL</StrengthUnit>
<Pharm_Classes>General Anesthesia [PE], General Anesthetic [EPC]</Pharm_Classes>
<Status>Active</Status>
<LastUpdate>2026-02-24</LastUpdate>
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<ListingRecordCertifiedThrough>20271231</ListingRecordCertifiedThrough>
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<IndicationAndUsage>Sevoflurane is indicated for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia in adult and pediatric patients for inpatient and outpatient surgery. Sevoflurane should be administered only by persons trained in the administration of general anesthesia. Facilities for maintenance of a patent airway, artificial ventilation, oxygen enrichment, and circulatory resuscitation must be immediately available. Since level of anesthesia may be altered rapidly, only vaporizers producing predictable concentrations of sevoflurane should be used.</IndicationAndUsage>
<Description>Sevoflurane, USP, volatile liquid for inhalation, a nonflammable and nonexplosive liquid administered by vaporization, is a halogenated general inhalation anesthetic drug. Sevoflurane, USP is fluoromethyl 2,2,2,-trifluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl) ethyl ether and its structural formula is. Sevoflurane, USP is nonflammable and nonexplosive as defined by the requirements of International Electrotechnical Commission 601-2-13. Sevoflurane, USP is a clear, colorless, liquid containing no additives. Sevoflurane, USP is not corrosive to stainless steel, brass, aluminum, nickel-plated brass, chrome-plated brass or copper beryllium. Sevoflurane, USP is nonpungent. It is miscible with ethanol, ether, chloroform, and benzene, and it is slightly soluble in water. Sevoflurane, USP is stable when stored under normal room lighting conditions according to instructions. No discernible degradation of sevoflurane, USP occurs in the presence of strong acids or heat. When in contact with alkaline CO2 absorbents (e.g., Baralyme® and to a lesser extent soda lime) within the anesthesia machine, Sevoflurane, USP can undergo degradation under certain conditions. Degradation of sevoflurane, USP is minimal, and degradants are either undetectable or present in non-toxic amounts when used as directed with fresh absorbents. Sevoflurane, USP degradation and subsequent degradant formation are enhanced by increasing absorbent temperature increased sevoflurane, USP concentration, decreased fresh gas flow and desiccated CO2 absorbents (especially with potassium hydroxide containing absorbents e.g., Baralyme). Sevoflurane, USP alkaline degradation occurs by two pathways. The first results from the loss of hydrogen fluoride with the formation of pentafluoroisopropenyl fluoromethyl ether, (PIFE, C4H2F6O), also known as Compound A, and trace amounts of pentafluoromethoxy isopropyl fluoromethyl ether, (PMFE, C5H6F6O), also known as Compound B. The second pathway for degradation of sevoflurane, USP, which occurs primarily in the presence of desiccated CO2 absorbents, is discussed later. In the first pathway, the defluorination pathway, the production of degradants in the anesthesia circuit results from the extraction of the acidic proton in the presence of a strong base (KOH and/or NaOH) forming an alkene (Compound A) from sevoflurane, USP similar to formation of 2-bromo-2-chloro-1,1-difluoro ethylene (BCDFE) from halothane. Laboratory simulations have shown that the concentration of these degradants is inversely correlated with the fresh gas flow rate (See Figure 1). Since the reaction of carbon dioxide with absorbents is exothermic, the temperature increase will be determined by quantities of CO2 absorbed, which in turn will depend on fresh gas flow in the anesthesia circle system, metabolic status of the patient, and ventilation. The relationship of temperature produced by varying levels of CO2 and Compound A production is illustrated in the following in vitro simulation where CO2 was added to a circle absorber system. Compound A concentration in a circle absorber system increases as a function of increasing CO2 absorbent temperature and composition (Baralyme producing higher levels than soda lime), increased body temperature, and increased minute ventilation, and decreasing fresh gas flow rates. It has been reported that the concentration of Compound A increases significantly with prolonged dehydration of Baralyme. Compound A exposure in patients also has been shown to rise with increased sevoflurane, USP concentrations and duration of anesthesia. In a clinical study in which sevoflurane, USP was administered to patients under low flow conditions for ≥ 2 hours at flow rates of 1 Liter/minute, Compound A levels were measured in an effort to determine the relationship between MAC hours and Compound A levels produced. The relationship between Compound A levels and sevoflurane, USP exposure are shown in Figure 2a. Compound A has been shown to be nephrotoxic in rats after exposures that have varied in duration from one to three hours. No histopathologic change was seen at a concentration of up to 270 ppm for one hour. Sporadic single cell necrosis of proximal tubule cells has been reported at a concentration of 114 ppm after a 3-hour exposure to Compound A in rats. The LC50 reported at 1 hour is 1050-1090 ppm (male-female) and, at 3 hours, 350-490 ppm (male-female). An experiment was performed comparing sevoflurane, USP plus 75 or 100 ppm Compound A with an active control to evaluate the potential nephrotoxicity of Compound A in non-human primates. A single 8-hour exposure of Sevoflurane, USP in the presence of Compound A produced single-cell renal tubular degeneration and single-cell necrosis in cynomolgus monkeys. These changes are consistent with the increased urinary protein, glucose level and enzymic activity noted on days one and three on the clinical pathology evaluation. This nephrotoxicity produced by Compound A is dose and duration of exposure dependent. At a fresh gas flow rate of 1 L/min, mean maximum concentrations of Compound A in the anesthesia circuit in clinical settings are approximately 20 ppm (0.002%) with soda lime and 30 ppm (0.003%) with Baralyme in adult patients; mean maximum concentrations in pediatric patients with soda lime are about half those found in adults. The highest concentration observed in a single patient with Baralyme was 61 ppm (0.0061%) and 32 ppm (0.0032%) with soda lime. The levels of Compound A at which toxicity occurs in humans is not known. The second pathway for degradation of sevoflurane, USP occurs primarily in the presence of desiccated CO2 absorbents and leads to the dissociation of sevoflurane, USP into hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) and formaldehyde. HFIP is inactive, non-genotoxic, rapidly glucuronidated and cleared by the liver. Formaldehyde is present during normal metabolic processes. Upon exposure to a highly desiccated absorbent, formaldehyde can further degrade into methanol and formate. Formate can contribute to the formation of carbon monoxide in the presence of high temperature that can be associated with desiccated Baralyme®. Methanol can react with Compound A to form the methoxy addition product Compound B. Compound B can undergo further HF elimination to form Compounds C, D, and E. Sevoflurane, USP degradants were observed in the respiratory circuit of an experimental anesthesia machine using desiccated CO2 absorbents and maximum sevoflurane, USP concentrations (8%) for extended periods of time (> 2 hours). Concentrations of formaldehyde observed with desiccated soda lime in this experimental anesthesia respiratory circuit were consistent with levels that could potentially result in respiratory irritation. Although KOH containing CO2 absorbents are no longer commercially available, in the laboratory experiments, exposure of sevoflurane, USP to the desiccated KOH containing CO2 absorbent, Baralyme, resulted in the detection of substantially greater degradant levels.</Description>
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