{
"NDC": [
{
"NDCCode": "44946-1050-0",
"PackageDescription": "473 mL in 1 BOTTLE, PLASTIC (44946-1050-0)",
"NDC11Code": "44946-1050-00",
"ProductNDC": "44946-1050",
"ProductTypeName": "HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG",
"ProprietaryName": "Neutral Sodium Fluoride",
"NonProprietaryName": "Sodium Fluoride",
"DosageFormName": "RINSE",
"RouteName": "ORAL",
"StartMarketingDate": "20130101",
"MarketingCategoryName": "UNAPPROVED DRUG OTHER",
"LabelerName": "Sancilio & Company Inc",
"SubstanceName": "SODIUM FLUORIDE",
"StrengthNumber": "20",
"StrengthUnit": "mg/mL",
"Status": "Deprecated",
"LastUpdate": "2019-09-21",
"ProductNdcExcludeFlag": "E",
"ListingRecordCertifiedThrough": "20171231",
"IndicationAndUsage": "For once weekly use as a dental caries preventative in pediatric patients.",
"Description": "Neutral Sodium Fluoride 0.2% Dental Rinse is a grape flavored, neutral, aqueous solution containing no alcohol. ACTIVE INGREDIENT: Sodium Fluoride 0.2% (w/v). INACTIVE INGREDIENTS: Purified water, Glycerin, Xylitol, Propylene Glycol, Natural Grape Type Flavor, Methylparaben, Sucralose, Propylparaben."
},
{
"NDCCode": "44946-1046-0",
"PackageDescription": "30 TABLET in 1 BOTTLE, PLASTIC (44946-1046-0)",
"NDC11Code": "44946-1046-00",
"ProductNDC": "44946-1046",
"ProductTypeName": "HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG",
"ProprietaryName": "Pnv Prenatal Vitamin",
"ProprietaryNameSuffix": "Plus Vitamin A",
"NonProprietaryName": ".alpha.-tocopherol Acetate, Dl-, Ascorbic Acid, Cholecalciferol, Cyanocobalamin, Folic Acid, Ferrous Fumarate, Calcium Phosphate, Dibasic, Anhydrous, Niacinamide, Pyridoxine Hydrochloride, Riboflavin, Thiamine Mononitrate, And Vitamin A Acetate",
"DosageFormName": "TABLET",
"RouteName": "ORAL",
"StartMarketingDate": "20121207",
"MarketingCategoryName": "UNAPPROVED DRUG OTHER",
"LabelerName": "Sancilio & Company Inc",
"SubstanceName": ".ALPHA.-TOCOPHEROL ACETATE, DL-; ASCORBIC ACID; CHOLECALCIFEROL; CYANOCOBALAMIN; FOLIC ACID; FERROUS FUMARATE; CALCIUM PHOSPHATE, DIBASIC, ANHYDROUS; NIACINAMIDE; PYRIDOXINE HYDROCHLORIDE; RIBOFLAVIN; THIAMINE MONONITRATE; VITAMIN A ACETATE",
"StrengthNumber": "15; 60; 400; 4.5; 1; 27; 50; 13.5; 1.05; 1.2; 1.05; 2500",
"StrengthUnit": "[iU]/1; mg/1; [iU]/1; ug/1; mg/1; mg/1; mg/1; mg/1; mg/1; mg/1; mg/1; [iU]/1",
"Pharm_Classes": "Vitamin C [EPC],Ascorbic Acid [CS],Vitamin D [CS],Vitamin D [EPC],Vitamin B 12 [CS],Vitamin B12 [EPC],Vitamin B6 Analog [EPC],Vitamin B 6 [Chemical/Ingredient],Analogs/Derivatives [Chemical/Ingredient],Vitamin A [CS],Vitamin A [EPC]",
"Status": "Deprecated",
"LastUpdate": "2019-09-21",
"ProductNdcExcludeFlag": "E",
"ListingRecordCertifiedThrough": "20171231",
"Description": "Each PNV tablet contains."
},
{
"NDCCode": "11822-1050-0",
"PackageDescription": "100 TABLET, CHEWABLE in 1 BOTTLE, PLASTIC (11822-1050-0) ",
"NDC11Code": "11822-1050-00",
"ProductNDC": "11822-1050",
"ProductTypeName": "HUMAN OTC DRUG",
"ProprietaryName": "Rite Aid Extra Strength",
"NonProprietaryName": "Aluminum Hydroxide And Magnesium Carbonate",
"DosageFormName": "TABLET, CHEWABLE",
"RouteName": "ORAL",
"StartMarketingDate": "20221213",
"MarketingCategoryName": "OTC MONOGRAPH DRUG",
"ApplicationNumber": "M001",
"LabelerName": "RITE AID CORPORATION",
"SubstanceName": "ALUMINUM HYDROXIDE; MAGNESIUM CARBONATE",
"StrengthNumber": "160; 105",
"StrengthUnit": "mg/1; mg/1",
"Status": "Active",
"LastUpdate": "2024-11-01",
"PackageNdcExcludeFlag": "N",
"ProductNdcExcludeFlag": "N",
"ListingRecordCertifiedThrough": "20261231",
"StartMarketingDatePackage": "20221213",
"SamplePackage": "N",
"IndicationAndUsage": "relieves: 1 acid indigestion, 2 heartburn, 3 sour stomach, 4 upset stomach associated with these symptoms."
},
{
"NDCCode": "49169-1050-0",
"PackageDescription": "1 BAG in 1 DRUM (49169-1050-0) / 1 BAG in 1 BAG / 20 kg in 1 BAG",
"NDC11Code": "49169-1050-00",
"ProductNDC": "49169-1050",
"ProductTypeName": "BULK INGREDIENT",
"NonProprietaryName": "Enclomiphene Citrate",
"DosageFormName": "POWDER",
"StartMarketingDate": "20251001",
"MarketingCategoryName": "BULK INGREDIENT",
"LabelerName": "PCAS",
"SubstanceName": "ENCLOMIPHENE CITRATE",
"StrengthNumber": "1",
"StrengthUnit": "kg/kg",
"Status": "Unfinished",
"LastUpdate": "2025-10-24",
"ListingRecordCertifiedThrough": "20261231",
"StartMarketingDatePackage": "01-OCT-25"
},
{
"NDCCode": "51846-1050-0",
"PackageDescription": "1 kg in 1 CARTON (51846-1050-0)",
"NDC11Code": "51846-1050-00",
"ProductNDC": "51846-1050",
"ProductTypeName": "BULK INGREDIENT",
"NonProprietaryName": "Ondansetron Hcl Micronized",
"DosageFormName": "POWDER",
"StartMarketingDate": "20101006",
"MarketingCategoryName": "BULK INGREDIENT",
"LabelerName": "Teva Pharamceutical Works Private Limited Company",
"SubstanceName": "ONDANSETRON HYDROCHLORIDE",
"StrengthNumber": "1",
"StrengthUnit": "kg/kg",
"Status": "Deprecated",
"LastUpdate": "2014-02-04",
"ListingRecordCertifiedThrough": "20171231"
},
{
"NDCCode": "55566-1050-1",
"PackageDescription": "4 VIAL in 1 CARTON (55566-1050-1) / 20 mL in 1 VIAL (55566-1050-0) ",
"NDC11Code": "55566-1050-01",
"ProductNDC": "55566-1050",
"ProductTypeName": "HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG",
"ProprietaryName": "Adstiladrin",
"NonProprietaryName": "Nadofaragene Firadenovec-vncg",
"DosageFormName": "SUSPENSION",
"RouteName": "INTRAVESICAL",
"StartMarketingDate": "20230905",
"MarketingCategoryName": "BLA",
"ApplicationNumber": "BLA125700",
"LabelerName": "Ferring Pharmaceuticals Inc.",
"SubstanceName": "NADOFARAGENE FIRADENOVEC",
"StrengthNumber": "300000000000",
"StrengthUnit": "{VP}/mL",
"Status": "Active",
"LastUpdate": "2026-03-31",
"PackageNdcExcludeFlag": "N",
"ProductNdcExcludeFlag": "N",
"ListingRecordCertifiedThrough": "20271231",
"StartMarketingDatePackage": "20230905",
"SamplePackage": "N",
"IndicationAndUsage": "ADSTILADRIN® is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with high-risk Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-unresponsive non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer (NMIBC) with carcinoma in situ (CIS) with or without papillary tumors.",
"Description": "ADSTILADRIN (nadofaragene firadenovec-vncg) is a non-replicating adenoviral vector-based gene therapy for intravesical instillation. It is a recombinant adenovirus serotype 5 vector containing a transgene encoding the human interferon alfa-2b (IFNα2b). ADSTILADRIN has a nominal concentration of 3 x 1011 vp/mL. A single-use vial of ADSTILADRIN contains an extractable volume of 20 mL and the following excipients: [N-(3-cholamidopropyl)-N-(3-lactobionamidopropyl)]-cholamide (Syn3) (0.95 mg/mL), citric acid monohydrate (0.01 mg/mL), glycerol (84 mg/mL), hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (7.9 mg/mL), magnesium chloride hexahydrate (0.34 mg/mL), polysorbate 80 (Tween 80) (0.48 mg/mL), sodium dihydrogen phosphate dihydrate (1.4 mg/mL), sucrose (17 mg/mL), tri-sodium citrate dihydrate (0.04 mg/mL), tromethamine (1.4 mg/mL) and Water for Injection (q.s. 1 mL). ADSTILADRIN is a sterile, clear to opalescent suspension, and contains no preservative."
},
{
"NDCCode": "68210-1050-0",
"PackageDescription": "48 BLISTER PACK in 1 CARTON (68210-1050-0) / 12 CAPSULE, LIQUID FILLED in 1 BLISTER PACK",
"NDC11Code": "68210-1050-00",
"ProductNDC": "68210-1050",
"ProductTypeName": "HUMAN OTC DRUG",
"ProprietaryName": "Multi-symptom Nitetime",
"NonProprietaryName": "Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide, And Doxylamine Succinate",
"DosageFormName": "CAPSULE, LIQUID FILLED",
"RouteName": "ORAL",
"StartMarketingDate": "20180416",
"MarketingCategoryName": "OTC MONOGRAPH DRUG",
"ApplicationNumber": "M012",
"LabelerName": "SPIRIT PHARMACEUTICALS LLC",
"SubstanceName": "ACETAMINOPHEN; DEXTROMETHORPHAN HYDROBROMIDE; DOXYLAMINE SUCCINATE",
"StrengthNumber": "325; 15; 6.25",
"StrengthUnit": "mg/1; mg/1; mg/1",
"Pharm_Classes": "Antihistamine [EPC], Histamine Receptor Antagonists [MoA], Sigma-1 Agonist [EPC], Sigma-1 Receptor Agonists [MoA], Uncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate Receptor Antagonist [EPC], Uncompetitive NMDA Receptor Antagonists [MoA]",
"Status": "Deprecated",
"LastUpdate": "2026-01-01",
"PackageNdcExcludeFlag": "N",
"ProductNdcExcludeFlag": "N",
"ListingRecordCertifiedThrough": "20251231",
"StartMarketingDatePackage": "20180416",
"SamplePackage": "N",
"IndicationAndUsage": "temporarily relieves common cold/flu symptoms: 1 cough due to minor throat and bronchial irritation, 2 sore throat, 3 headache, 4 minor aches/pains, 5 fever, 6 runny nose and sneezing."
},
{
"NDCCode": "70518-1050-0",
"PackageDescription": "30 TABLET in 1 BLISTER PACK (70518-1050-0) ",
"NDC11Code": "70518-1050-00",
"ProductNDC": "70518-1050",
"ProductTypeName": "HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG",
"ProprietaryName": "Buspirone Hydrochloride",
"NonProprietaryName": "Buspirone Hydrochloride",
"DosageFormName": "TABLET",
"RouteName": "ORAL",
"StartMarketingDate": "20180301",
"MarketingCategoryName": "ANDA",
"ApplicationNumber": "ANDA078888",
"LabelerName": "REMEDYREPACK INC.",
"SubstanceName": "BUSPIRONE HYDROCHLORIDE",
"StrengthNumber": "15",
"StrengthUnit": "mg/1",
"Status": "Deprecated",
"LastUpdate": "2020-05-13",
"PackageNdcExcludeFlag": "N",
"ProductNdcExcludeFlag": "N",
"ListingRecordCertifiedThrough": "20201231",
"StartMarketingDatePackage": "20180301",
"SamplePackage": "N"
},
{
"NDCCode": "44946-1015-2",
"PackageDescription": "60 TABLET, CHEWABLE in 1 BOTTLE, PLASTIC (44946-1015-2)",
"NDC11Code": "44946-1015-02",
"ProductNDC": "44946-1015",
"ProductTypeName": "HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG",
"ProprietaryName": "Ludent",
"NonProprietaryName": "Sodium Fluoride",
"DosageFormName": "TABLET, CHEWABLE",
"RouteName": "ORAL",
"StartMarketingDate": "20090910",
"MarketingCategoryName": "UNAPPROVED DRUG OTHER",
"LabelerName": "Sancilio & Company Inc",
"SubstanceName": "SODIUM FLUORIDE",
"StrengthNumber": ".25",
"StrengthUnit": "mg/1",
"Status": "Deprecated",
"LastUpdate": "2019-09-21",
"ProductNdcExcludeFlag": "E",
"ListingRecordCertifiedThrough": "20171231",
"IndicationAndUsage": "For once daily self-applied systemic use as a dental caries preventive in pediatric patients. It has been established that ingestion of fluoridated drinking water (1 ppm F¯) during the period of tooth development results in a significant decrease in the incidence of dental caries. Sodium Fluoride Chewable Tablets were developed to provide systemic fluoride for use as a supplement in pediatric patients from age 3 years to age 16 years and older living in areas where the drinking water fluoride contents does not exceed 0.6 ppm F¯.",
"Description": "This product is a prescription product for the clinical dietary management of the metabolic processes of caries prophylaxis. 7, 60 and120 Tablets per bottle and 30 count blister. Active Ingredient: Fluoride (as Sodium Fluoride) 0.25 mg / 0.5 mg / 1.0 mg. Inactive Ingredients: Xylitol, microcrystalline cellulose, malic acid, magnesium stearate, talc, citric acid, orange flavor, sucralose. Caution: Do not eat or drink dairy products within one hour of fluoride administration. Incompatibility of fluoride with dairy foods has been reported due to formation of calcium fluoride which is poorly absorbed."
},
{
"NDCCode": "44946-1015-3",
"PackageDescription": "120 TABLET, CHEWABLE in 1 BOTTLE, PLASTIC (44946-1015-3)",
"NDC11Code": "44946-1015-03",
"ProductNDC": "44946-1015",
"ProductTypeName": "HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG",
"ProprietaryName": "Ludent",
"NonProprietaryName": "Sodium Fluoride",
"DosageFormName": "TABLET, CHEWABLE",
"RouteName": "ORAL",
"StartMarketingDate": "20090910",
"MarketingCategoryName": "UNAPPROVED DRUG OTHER",
"LabelerName": "Sancilio & Company Inc",
"SubstanceName": "SODIUM FLUORIDE",
"StrengthNumber": ".25",
"StrengthUnit": "mg/1",
"Status": "Deprecated",
"LastUpdate": "2019-09-21",
"ProductNdcExcludeFlag": "E",
"ListingRecordCertifiedThrough": "20171231",
"IndicationAndUsage": "For once daily self-applied systemic use as a dental caries preventive in pediatric patients. It has been established that ingestion of fluoridated drinking water (1 ppm F¯) during the period of tooth development results in a significant decrease in the incidence of dental caries. Sodium Fluoride Chewable Tablets were developed to provide systemic fluoride for use as a supplement in pediatric patients from age 3 years to age 16 years and older living in areas where the drinking water fluoride contents does not exceed 0.6 ppm F¯.",
"Description": "This product is a prescription product for the clinical dietary management of the metabolic processes of caries prophylaxis. 7, 60 and120 Tablets per bottle and 30 count blister. Active Ingredient: Fluoride (as Sodium Fluoride) 0.25 mg / 0.5 mg / 1.0 mg. Inactive Ingredients: Xylitol, microcrystalline cellulose, malic acid, magnesium stearate, talc, citric acid, orange flavor, sucralose. Caution: Do not eat or drink dairy products within one hour of fluoride administration. Incompatibility of fluoride with dairy foods has been reported due to formation of calcium fluoride which is poorly absorbed."
},
{
"NDCCode": "44946-1015-6",
"PackageDescription": "30 TABLET, CHEWABLE in 1 BLISTER PACK (44946-1015-6)",
"NDC11Code": "44946-1015-06",
"ProductNDC": "44946-1015",
"ProductTypeName": "HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG",
"ProprietaryName": "Ludent",
"NonProprietaryName": "Sodium Fluoride",
"DosageFormName": "TABLET, CHEWABLE",
"RouteName": "ORAL",
"StartMarketingDate": "20090910",
"MarketingCategoryName": "UNAPPROVED DRUG OTHER",
"LabelerName": "Sancilio & Company Inc",
"SubstanceName": "SODIUM FLUORIDE",
"StrengthNumber": ".25",
"StrengthUnit": "mg/1",
"Status": "Deprecated",
"LastUpdate": "2019-09-21",
"ProductNdcExcludeFlag": "E",
"ListingRecordCertifiedThrough": "20171231",
"IndicationAndUsage": "For once daily self-applied systemic use as a dental caries preventive in pediatric patients. It has been established that ingestion of fluoridated drinking water (1 ppm F¯) during the period of tooth development results in a significant decrease in the incidence of dental caries. Sodium Fluoride Chewable Tablets were developed to provide systemic fluoride for use as a supplement in pediatric patients from age 3 years to age 16 years and older living in areas where the drinking water fluoride contents does not exceed 0.6 ppm F¯.",
"Description": "This product is a prescription product for the clinical dietary management of the metabolic processes of caries prophylaxis. 7, 60 and120 Tablets per bottle and 30 count blister. Active Ingredient: Fluoride (as Sodium Fluoride) 0.25 mg / 0.5 mg / 1.0 mg. Inactive Ingredients: Xylitol, microcrystalline cellulose, malic acid, magnesium stearate, talc, citric acid, orange flavor, sucralose. Caution: Do not eat or drink dairy products within one hour of fluoride administration. Incompatibility of fluoride with dairy foods has been reported due to formation of calcium fluoride which is poorly absorbed."
},
{
"NDCCode": "44946-1016-2",
"PackageDescription": "60 TABLET, CHEWABLE in 1 BOTTLE, PLASTIC (44946-1016-2)",
"NDC11Code": "44946-1016-02",
"ProductNDC": "44946-1016",
"ProductTypeName": "HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG",
"ProprietaryName": "Ludent",
"NonProprietaryName": "Sodium Fluoride",
"DosageFormName": "TABLET, CHEWABLE",
"RouteName": "ORAL",
"StartMarketingDate": "20090910",
"MarketingCategoryName": "UNAPPROVED DRUG OTHER",
"LabelerName": "Sancilio & Company Inc",
"SubstanceName": "SODIUM FLUORIDE",
"StrengthNumber": ".5",
"StrengthUnit": "mg/1",
"Status": "Deprecated",
"LastUpdate": "2019-09-21",
"ProductNdcExcludeFlag": "E",
"ListingRecordCertifiedThrough": "20171231",
"IndicationAndUsage": "For once daily self-applied systemic use as a dental caries preventive in pediatric patients. It has been established that ingestion of fluoridated drinking water (1 ppm F¯) during the period of tooth development results in a significant decrease in the incidence of dental caries. Sodium Fluoride Chewable Tablets were developed to provide systemic fluoride for use as a supplement in pediatric patients from age 3 years to age 16 years and older living in areas where the drinking water fluoride contents does not exceed 0.6 ppm F¯.",
"Description": "This product is a prescription product for the clinical dietary management of the metabolic processes of caries prophylaxis. 7, 60 and120 Tablets per bottle and 30 count blister. Active Ingredient: Fluoride (as Sodium Fluoride) 0.25 mg / 0.5 mg / 1.0 mg. Inactive Ingredients: Xylitol, microcrystalline cellulose, malic acid, magnesium stearate, talc, citric acid, orange flavor, sucralose. Caution: Do not eat or drink dairy products within one hour of fluoride administration. Incompatibility of fluoride with dairy foods has been reported due to formation of calcium fluoride which is poorly absorbed."
},
{
"NDCCode": "44946-1016-3",
"PackageDescription": "120 TABLET, CHEWABLE in 1 BOTTLE, PLASTIC (44946-1016-3)",
"NDC11Code": "44946-1016-03",
"ProductNDC": "44946-1016",
"ProductTypeName": "HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG",
"ProprietaryName": "Ludent",
"NonProprietaryName": "Sodium Fluoride",
"DosageFormName": "TABLET, CHEWABLE",
"RouteName": "ORAL",
"StartMarketingDate": "20090910",
"MarketingCategoryName": "UNAPPROVED DRUG OTHER",
"LabelerName": "Sancilio & Company Inc",
"SubstanceName": "SODIUM FLUORIDE",
"StrengthNumber": ".5",
"StrengthUnit": "mg/1",
"Status": "Deprecated",
"LastUpdate": "2019-09-21",
"ProductNdcExcludeFlag": "E",
"ListingRecordCertifiedThrough": "20171231",
"IndicationAndUsage": "For once daily self-applied systemic use as a dental caries preventive in pediatric patients. It has been established that ingestion of fluoridated drinking water (1 ppm F¯) during the period of tooth development results in a significant decrease in the incidence of dental caries. Sodium Fluoride Chewable Tablets were developed to provide systemic fluoride for use as a supplement in pediatric patients from age 3 years to age 16 years and older living in areas where the drinking water fluoride contents does not exceed 0.6 ppm F¯.",
"Description": "This product is a prescription product for the clinical dietary management of the metabolic processes of caries prophylaxis. 7, 60 and120 Tablets per bottle and 30 count blister. Active Ingredient: Fluoride (as Sodium Fluoride) 0.25 mg / 0.5 mg / 1.0 mg. Inactive Ingredients: Xylitol, microcrystalline cellulose, malic acid, magnesium stearate, talc, citric acid, orange flavor, sucralose. Caution: Do not eat or drink dairy products within one hour of fluoride administration. Incompatibility of fluoride with dairy foods has been reported due to formation of calcium fluoride which is poorly absorbed."
},
{
"NDCCode": "44946-1016-6",
"PackageDescription": "30 TABLET, CHEWABLE in 1 BLISTER PACK (44946-1016-6)",
"NDC11Code": "44946-1016-06",
"ProductNDC": "44946-1016",
"ProductTypeName": "HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG",
"ProprietaryName": "Ludent",
"NonProprietaryName": "Sodium Fluoride",
"DosageFormName": "TABLET, CHEWABLE",
"RouteName": "ORAL",
"StartMarketingDate": "20090910",
"MarketingCategoryName": "UNAPPROVED DRUG OTHER",
"LabelerName": "Sancilio & Company Inc",
"SubstanceName": "SODIUM FLUORIDE",
"StrengthNumber": ".5",
"StrengthUnit": "mg/1",
"Status": "Deprecated",
"LastUpdate": "2019-09-21",
"ProductNdcExcludeFlag": "E",
"ListingRecordCertifiedThrough": "20171231",
"IndicationAndUsage": "For once daily self-applied systemic use as a dental caries preventive in pediatric patients. It has been established that ingestion of fluoridated drinking water (1 ppm F¯) during the period of tooth development results in a significant decrease in the incidence of dental caries. Sodium Fluoride Chewable Tablets were developed to provide systemic fluoride for use as a supplement in pediatric patients from age 3 years to age 16 years and older living in areas where the drinking water fluoride contents does not exceed 0.6 ppm F¯.",
"Description": "This product is a prescription product for the clinical dietary management of the metabolic processes of caries prophylaxis. 7, 60 and120 Tablets per bottle and 30 count blister. Active Ingredient: Fluoride (as Sodium Fluoride) 0.25 mg / 0.5 mg / 1.0 mg. Inactive Ingredients: Xylitol, microcrystalline cellulose, malic acid, magnesium stearate, talc, citric acid, orange flavor, sucralose. Caution: Do not eat or drink dairy products within one hour of fluoride administration. Incompatibility of fluoride with dairy foods has been reported due to formation of calcium fluoride which is poorly absorbed."
},
{
"NDCCode": "44946-1016-7",
"PackageDescription": "7 TABLET, CHEWABLE in 1 BOTTLE, PLASTIC (44946-1016-7)",
"NDC11Code": "44946-1016-07",
"ProductNDC": "44946-1016",
"ProductTypeName": "HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG",
"ProprietaryName": "Ludent",
"NonProprietaryName": "Sodium Fluoride",
"DosageFormName": "TABLET, CHEWABLE",
"RouteName": "ORAL",
"StartMarketingDate": "20090910",
"MarketingCategoryName": "UNAPPROVED DRUG OTHER",
"LabelerName": "Sancilio & Company Inc",
"SubstanceName": "SODIUM FLUORIDE",
"StrengthNumber": ".5",
"StrengthUnit": "mg/1",
"Status": "Deprecated",
"LastUpdate": "2019-09-21",
"ProductNdcExcludeFlag": "E",
"ListingRecordCertifiedThrough": "20171231",
"IndicationAndUsage": "For once daily self-applied systemic use as a dental caries preventive in pediatric patients. It has been established that ingestion of fluoridated drinking water (1 ppm F¯) during the period of tooth development results in a significant decrease in the incidence of dental caries. Sodium Fluoride Chewable Tablets were developed to provide systemic fluoride for use as a supplement in pediatric patients from age 3 years to age 16 years and older living in areas where the drinking water fluoride contents does not exceed 0.6 ppm F¯.",
"Description": "This product is a prescription product for the clinical dietary management of the metabolic processes of caries prophylaxis. 7, 60 and120 Tablets per bottle and 30 count blister. Active Ingredient: Fluoride (as Sodium Fluoride) 0.25 mg / 0.5 mg / 1.0 mg. Inactive Ingredients: Xylitol, microcrystalline cellulose, malic acid, magnesium stearate, talc, citric acid, orange flavor, sucralose. Caution: Do not eat or drink dairy products within one hour of fluoride administration. Incompatibility of fluoride with dairy foods has been reported due to formation of calcium fluoride which is poorly absorbed."
},
{
"NDCCode": "44946-1017-2",
"PackageDescription": "60 TABLET, CHEWABLE in 1 BOTTLE, PLASTIC (44946-1017-2)",
"NDC11Code": "44946-1017-02",
"ProductNDC": "44946-1017",
"ProductTypeName": "HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG",
"ProprietaryName": "Ludent",
"NonProprietaryName": "Sodium Fluoride",
"DosageFormName": "TABLET, CHEWABLE",
"RouteName": "ORAL",
"StartMarketingDate": "20090910",
"MarketingCategoryName": "UNAPPROVED DRUG OTHER",
"LabelerName": "Sancilio & Company Inc",
"SubstanceName": "SODIUM FLUORIDE",
"StrengthNumber": "1",
"StrengthUnit": "mg/1",
"Status": "Deprecated",
"LastUpdate": "2019-09-21",
"ProductNdcExcludeFlag": "E",
"ListingRecordCertifiedThrough": "20171231",
"IndicationAndUsage": "For once daily self-applied systemic use as a dental caries preventive in pediatric patients. It has been established that ingestion of fluoridated drinking water (1 ppm F¯) during the period of tooth development results in a significant decrease in the incidence of dental caries. Sodium Fluoride Chewable Tablets were developed to provide systemic fluoride for use as a supplement in pediatric patients from age 3 years to age 16 years and older living in areas where the drinking water fluoride contents does not exceed 0.6 ppm F¯.",
"Description": "This product is a prescription product for the clinical dietary management of the metabolic processes of caries prophylaxis. 7, 60 and120 Tablets per bottle and 30 count blister. Active Ingredient: Fluoride (as Sodium Fluoride) 0.25 mg / 0.5 mg / 1.0 mg. Inactive Ingredients: Xylitol, microcrystalline cellulose, malic acid, magnesium stearate, talc, citric acid, orange flavor, sucralose. Caution: Do not eat or drink dairy products within one hour of fluoride administration. Incompatibility of fluoride with dairy foods has been reported due to formation of calcium fluoride which is poorly absorbed."
},
{
"NDCCode": "44946-1017-3",
"PackageDescription": "120 TABLET, CHEWABLE in 1 BOTTLE, PLASTIC (44946-1017-3)",
"NDC11Code": "44946-1017-03",
"ProductNDC": "44946-1017",
"ProductTypeName": "HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG",
"ProprietaryName": "Ludent",
"NonProprietaryName": "Sodium Fluoride",
"DosageFormName": "TABLET, CHEWABLE",
"RouteName": "ORAL",
"StartMarketingDate": "20090910",
"MarketingCategoryName": "UNAPPROVED DRUG OTHER",
"LabelerName": "Sancilio & Company Inc",
"SubstanceName": "SODIUM FLUORIDE",
"StrengthNumber": "1",
"StrengthUnit": "mg/1",
"Status": "Deprecated",
"LastUpdate": "2019-09-21",
"ProductNdcExcludeFlag": "E",
"ListingRecordCertifiedThrough": "20171231",
"IndicationAndUsage": "For once daily self-applied systemic use as a dental caries preventive in pediatric patients. It has been established that ingestion of fluoridated drinking water (1 ppm F¯) during the period of tooth development results in a significant decrease in the incidence of dental caries. Sodium Fluoride Chewable Tablets were developed to provide systemic fluoride for use as a supplement in pediatric patients from age 3 years to age 16 years and older living in areas where the drinking water fluoride contents does not exceed 0.6 ppm F¯.",
"Description": "This product is a prescription product for the clinical dietary management of the metabolic processes of caries prophylaxis. 7, 60 and120 Tablets per bottle and 30 count blister. Active Ingredient: Fluoride (as Sodium Fluoride) 0.25 mg / 0.5 mg / 1.0 mg. Inactive Ingredients: Xylitol, microcrystalline cellulose, malic acid, magnesium stearate, talc, citric acid, orange flavor, sucralose. Caution: Do not eat or drink dairy products within one hour of fluoride administration. Incompatibility of fluoride with dairy foods has been reported due to formation of calcium fluoride which is poorly absorbed."
},
{
"NDCCode": "44946-1017-6",
"PackageDescription": "30 TABLET, CHEWABLE in 1 BLISTER PACK (44946-1017-6)",
"NDC11Code": "44946-1017-06",
"ProductNDC": "44946-1017",
"ProductTypeName": "HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG",
"ProprietaryName": "Ludent",
"NonProprietaryName": "Sodium Fluoride",
"DosageFormName": "TABLET, CHEWABLE",
"RouteName": "ORAL",
"StartMarketingDate": "20090910",
"MarketingCategoryName": "UNAPPROVED DRUG OTHER",
"LabelerName": "Sancilio & Company Inc",
"SubstanceName": "SODIUM FLUORIDE",
"StrengthNumber": "1",
"StrengthUnit": "mg/1",
"Status": "Deprecated",
"LastUpdate": "2019-09-21",
"ProductNdcExcludeFlag": "E",
"ListingRecordCertifiedThrough": "20171231",
"IndicationAndUsage": "For once daily self-applied systemic use as a dental caries preventive in pediatric patients. It has been established that ingestion of fluoridated drinking water (1 ppm F¯) during the period of tooth development results in a significant decrease in the incidence of dental caries. Sodium Fluoride Chewable Tablets were developed to provide systemic fluoride for use as a supplement in pediatric patients from age 3 years to age 16 years and older living in areas where the drinking water fluoride contents does not exceed 0.6 ppm F¯.",
"Description": "This product is a prescription product for the clinical dietary management of the metabolic processes of caries prophylaxis. 7, 60 and120 Tablets per bottle and 30 count blister. Active Ingredient: Fluoride (as Sodium Fluoride) 0.25 mg / 0.5 mg / 1.0 mg. Inactive Ingredients: Xylitol, microcrystalline cellulose, malic acid, magnesium stearate, talc, citric acid, orange flavor, sucralose. Caution: Do not eat or drink dairy products within one hour of fluoride administration. Incompatibility of fluoride with dairy foods has been reported due to formation of calcium fluoride which is poorly absorbed."
},
{
"NDCCode": "0074-1050-01",
"PackageDescription": "1 SYRINGE in 1 CARTON (0074-1050-01) / 1 mL in 1 SYRINGE",
"NDC11Code": "00074-1050-01",
"ProductNDC": "0074-1050",
"ProductTypeName": "HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG",
"ProprietaryName": "Skyrizi",
"NonProprietaryName": "Risankizumab-rzaa",
"DosageFormName": "INJECTION",
"RouteName": "SUBCUTANEOUS",
"StartMarketingDate": "20210426",
"MarketingCategoryName": "BLA",
"ApplicationNumber": "BLA761105",
"LabelerName": "AbbVie Inc.",
"SubstanceName": "RISANKIZUMAB",
"StrengthNumber": "150",
"StrengthUnit": "mg/mL",
"Pharm_Classes": "Interleukin-23 Antagonist [EPC], Interleukin-23 Antagonists [MoA]",
"Status": "Active",
"LastUpdate": "2026-07-31",
"PackageNdcExcludeFlag": "N",
"ProductNdcExcludeFlag": "N",
"ListingRecordCertifiedThrough": "20271231",
"StartMarketingDatePackage": "20210426",
"SamplePackage": "N",
"IndicationAndUsage": "SKYRIZI is an interleukin-23 antagonist indicated for the treatment of: 1 moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis in adults and pediatric patients 6 years of age and older who are candidates for systemic therapy or phototherapy. (1.1) , 2 active psoriatic arthritis in adults and pediatric patients 6 years of age and older. (1.2), 3 moderately to severely active Crohn's disease in adults. (1.3), 4 moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis in adults. (1.4).",
"Description": "Risankizumab-rzaa, an interleukin-23 (IL-23) antagonist, is a humanized immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) monoclonal antibody. Risankizumab-rzaa is produced by recombinant DNA technology in Chinese hamster ovary cells and has an approximate molecular weight of 149 kDa. SKYRIZI (risankizumab-rzaa) injection 55 mg/0.37 mL prefilled syringe for subcutaneous use. Each SKYRIZI prefilled syringe contains a sterile, preservative-free, colorless to yellow, and clear to slightly opalescent solution. Each syringe delivers 55 mg of risankizumab-rzaa and the inactive ingredients glacial acetic acid (0.02 mg), polysorbate 20 (0.07 mg), sodium acetate (0.28 mg), trehalose (23.4 mg), and Water for Injection, USP. The pH is 5.7. SKYRIZI (risankizumab-rzaa) injection 90 mg/mL prefilled syringe for subcutaneous use. Each SKYRIZI prefilled syringe contains a sterile, preservative-free, colorless to slightly yellow, and clear to slightly opalescent solution. Each syringe delivers 90 mg of risankizumab-rzaa, and inactive ingredients polysorbate 20 (0.2 mg), sodium succinate (0.63 mg), sorbitol (41 mg), succinic acid (0.059 mg), and Water for Injection, USP. The pH is 6.2. SKYRIZI (risankizumab-rzaa) injection 150 mg/mL prefilled syringe or prefilled pen for subcutaneous use. Each SKYRIZI prefilled pen or prefilled syringe contains a sterile, preservative-free, colorless to yellow, and clear to slightly opalescent solution. Each syringe and pen delivers 150 mg of risankizumab-rzaa and the inactive ingredients glacial acetic acid (0.054 mg), polysorbate 20 (0.2 mg), sodium acetate (0.75 mg), trehalose (63.33 mg), and Water for Injection, USP. The pH is 5.7. SKYRIZI (risankizumab-rzaa) injection 180 mg/1.2 mL prefilled syringe for subcutaneous use. Each SKYRIZI prefilled syringe contains a sterile, preservative-free, colorless to yellow, and clear to slightly opalescent solution. Each syringe delivers 180 mg of risankizumab-rzaa, and inactive ingredients glacial acetic acid (0.065 mg), polysorbate 20 (0.24 mg), sodium acetate (0.898 mg), trehalose (76 mg), and Water for Injection, USP. The pH is 5.7. SKYRIZI (risankizumab-rzaa) injection 180 mg/1.2mL (150 mg/mL) prefilled cartridge for use with supplied on-body-injector for subcutaneous use. Each SKYRIZI prefilled cartridge contains a sterile, preservative-free, colorless to yellow, and clear to slightly opalescent solution. Each cartridge delivers 180 mg of risankizumab-rzaa, and the inactive ingredients glacial acetic acid (0.065 mg), polysorbate 20 (0.24 mg), sodium acetate (0.9 mg), trehalose (76 mg), and Water for Injection, USP. The pH is 5.7. SKYRIZI (risankizumab-rzaa) injection 360 mg/2.4 mL (150 mg/mL) prefilled cartridge for use with the supplied on-body injector for subcutaneous use. Each SKYRIZI prefilled cartridge contains a sterile, preservative-free, colorless to yellow, and clear to slightly opalescent solution. Each cartridge delivers 360 mg of risankizumab-rzaa, and the inactive ingredients glacial acetic acid (0.13 mg), polysorbate 20 (0.48 mg), sodium acetate (1.8 mg), trehalose (152 mg), and Water for Injection, USP. The pH is 5.7. SKYRIZI 600 mg/10 mL (60 mg/mL) in a vial for intravenous infusion. SKYRIZI (risankizumab-rzaa) injection 600 mg/10 mL (60 mg/mL) is a sterile, preservative-free, colorless to slightly yellow, and clear to slightly opalescent solution in a 10 mL single-dose vial. Each 10 mL single-dose vial contains 600 mg of risankizumab-rzaa, and the inactive ingredients glacial acetic acid (0.54 mg), polysorbate 20 (2 mg), sodium acetate (7.5 mg), trehalose (633.3 mg), and Water for Injection, USP. The pH is 5.7."
},
{
"NDCCode": "0074-1050-70",
"PackageDescription": "1 SYRINGE in 1 CARTON (0074-1050-70) / 1 mL in 1 SYRINGE",
"NDC11Code": "00074-1050-70",
"ProductNDC": "0074-1050",
"ProductTypeName": "HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG",
"ProprietaryName": "Skyrizi",
"NonProprietaryName": "Risankizumab-rzaa",
"DosageFormName": "INJECTION",
"RouteName": "SUBCUTANEOUS",
"StartMarketingDate": "20210426",
"MarketingCategoryName": "BLA",
"ApplicationNumber": "BLA761105",
"LabelerName": "AbbVie Inc.",
"SubstanceName": "RISANKIZUMAB",
"StrengthNumber": "150",
"StrengthUnit": "mg/mL",
"Pharm_Classes": "Interleukin-23 Antagonist [EPC], Interleukin-23 Antagonists [MoA]",
"Status": "Active",
"LastUpdate": "2026-07-31",
"PackageNdcExcludeFlag": "N",
"ProductNdcExcludeFlag": "N",
"ListingRecordCertifiedThrough": "20271231",
"StartMarketingDatePackage": "20210426",
"SamplePackage": "Y",
"IndicationAndUsage": "SKYRIZI is an interleukin-23 antagonist indicated for the treatment of: 1 moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis in adults and pediatric patients 6 years of age and older who are candidates for systemic therapy or phototherapy. (1.1) , 2 active psoriatic arthritis in adults and pediatric patients 6 years of age and older. (1.2), 3 moderately to severely active Crohn's disease in adults. (1.3), 4 moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis in adults. (1.4).",
"Description": "Risankizumab-rzaa, an interleukin-23 (IL-23) antagonist, is a humanized immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) monoclonal antibody. Risankizumab-rzaa is produced by recombinant DNA technology in Chinese hamster ovary cells and has an approximate molecular weight of 149 kDa. SKYRIZI (risankizumab-rzaa) injection 55 mg/0.37 mL prefilled syringe for subcutaneous use. Each SKYRIZI prefilled syringe contains a sterile, preservative-free, colorless to yellow, and clear to slightly opalescent solution. Each syringe delivers 55 mg of risankizumab-rzaa and the inactive ingredients glacial acetic acid (0.02 mg), polysorbate 20 (0.07 mg), sodium acetate (0.28 mg), trehalose (23.4 mg), and Water for Injection, USP. The pH is 5.7. SKYRIZI (risankizumab-rzaa) injection 90 mg/mL prefilled syringe for subcutaneous use. Each SKYRIZI prefilled syringe contains a sterile, preservative-free, colorless to slightly yellow, and clear to slightly opalescent solution. Each syringe delivers 90 mg of risankizumab-rzaa, and inactive ingredients polysorbate 20 (0.2 mg), sodium succinate (0.63 mg), sorbitol (41 mg), succinic acid (0.059 mg), and Water for Injection, USP. The pH is 6.2. SKYRIZI (risankizumab-rzaa) injection 150 mg/mL prefilled syringe or prefilled pen for subcutaneous use. Each SKYRIZI prefilled pen or prefilled syringe contains a sterile, preservative-free, colorless to yellow, and clear to slightly opalescent solution. Each syringe and pen delivers 150 mg of risankizumab-rzaa and the inactive ingredients glacial acetic acid (0.054 mg), polysorbate 20 (0.2 mg), sodium acetate (0.75 mg), trehalose (63.33 mg), and Water for Injection, USP. The pH is 5.7. SKYRIZI (risankizumab-rzaa) injection 180 mg/1.2 mL prefilled syringe for subcutaneous use. Each SKYRIZI prefilled syringe contains a sterile, preservative-free, colorless to yellow, and clear to slightly opalescent solution. Each syringe delivers 180 mg of risankizumab-rzaa, and inactive ingredients glacial acetic acid (0.065 mg), polysorbate 20 (0.24 mg), sodium acetate (0.898 mg), trehalose (76 mg), and Water for Injection, USP. The pH is 5.7. SKYRIZI (risankizumab-rzaa) injection 180 mg/1.2mL (150 mg/mL) prefilled cartridge for use with supplied on-body-injector for subcutaneous use. Each SKYRIZI prefilled cartridge contains a sterile, preservative-free, colorless to yellow, and clear to slightly opalescent solution. Each cartridge delivers 180 mg of risankizumab-rzaa, and the inactive ingredients glacial acetic acid (0.065 mg), polysorbate 20 (0.24 mg), sodium acetate (0.9 mg), trehalose (76 mg), and Water for Injection, USP. The pH is 5.7. SKYRIZI (risankizumab-rzaa) injection 360 mg/2.4 mL (150 mg/mL) prefilled cartridge for use with the supplied on-body injector for subcutaneous use. Each SKYRIZI prefilled cartridge contains a sterile, preservative-free, colorless to yellow, and clear to slightly opalescent solution. Each cartridge delivers 360 mg of risankizumab-rzaa, and the inactive ingredients glacial acetic acid (0.13 mg), polysorbate 20 (0.48 mg), sodium acetate (1.8 mg), trehalose (152 mg), and Water for Injection, USP. The pH is 5.7. SKYRIZI 600 mg/10 mL (60 mg/mL) in a vial for intravenous infusion. SKYRIZI (risankizumab-rzaa) injection 600 mg/10 mL (60 mg/mL) is a sterile, preservative-free, colorless to slightly yellow, and clear to slightly opalescent solution in a 10 mL single-dose vial. Each 10 mL single-dose vial contains 600 mg of risankizumab-rzaa, and the inactive ingredients glacial acetic acid (0.54 mg), polysorbate 20 (2 mg), sodium acetate (7.5 mg), trehalose (633.3 mg), and Water for Injection, USP. The pH is 5.7."
},
{
"NDCCode": "0074-4456-04",
"PackageDescription": "250 mL in 1 BOTTLE, PLASTIC (0074-4456-04) ",
"NDC11Code": "00074-4456-04",
"ProductNDC": "0074-4456",
"ProductTypeName": "HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG",
"ProprietaryName": "Ultane",
"NonProprietaryName": "Sevoflurane",
"DosageFormName": "LIQUID",
"RouteName": "RESPIRATORY (INHALATION)",
"StartMarketingDate": "19950607",
"MarketingCategoryName": "NDA",
"ApplicationNumber": "NDA020478",
"LabelerName": "AbbVie Inc.",
"SubstanceName": "SEVOFLURANE",
"StrengthNumber": "250",
"StrengthUnit": "mL/250mL",
"Pharm_Classes": "General Anesthesia [PE], General Anesthetic [EPC]",
"Status": "Active",
"LastUpdate": "2025-02-14",
"PackageNdcExcludeFlag": "N",
"ProductNdcExcludeFlag": "N",
"ListingRecordCertifiedThrough": "20261231",
"StartMarketingDatePackage": "19950607",
"SamplePackage": "N",
"IndicationAndUsage": "ULTANE is indicated for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia in adult and pediatric patients for inpatient and outpatient surgery. ULTANE should be administered only by persons trained in the administration of general anesthesia. Facilities for maintenance of a patent airway, artificial ventilation, oxygen enrichment, and circulatory resuscitation must be immediately available. Since level of anesthesia may be altered rapidly, only vaporizers producing predictable concentrations of sevoflurane should be used.",
"Description": "ULTANE (sevoflurane), volatile liquid for inhalation, a nonflammable and nonexplosive liquid administered by vaporization, is a halogenated general inhalation anesthetic drug. Sevoflurane is fluoromethyl 2,2,2,-trifluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl) ethyl ether and its structural formula is:. Sevoflurane is nonflammable and nonexplosive as defined by the requirements of International Electrotechnical Commission 601-2-13. Sevoflurane is a clear, colorless, liquid containing no additives. Sevoflurane is not corrosive to stainless steel, brass, aluminum, nickel-plated brass, chrome-plated brass or copper beryllium. Sevoflurane is nonpungent. It is miscible with ethanol, ether, chloroform, and benzene, and it is slightly soluble in water. Sevoflurane is stable when stored under normal room lighting conditions according to instructions. No discernible degradation of sevoflurane occurs in the presence of strong acids or heat. When in contact with alkaline CO2 absorbents (e.g., Baralyme® and to a lesser extent soda lime) within the anesthesia machine, sevoflurane can undergo degradation under certain conditions. Degradation of sevoflurane is minimal, and degradants are either undetectable or present in non-toxic amounts when used as directed with fresh absorbents. Sevoflurane degradation and subsequent degradant formation are enhanced by increasing absorbent temperature increased sevoflurane concentration, decreased fresh gas flow and desiccated CO2 absorbents (especially with potassium hydroxide containing absorbents e.g., Baralyme). Sevoflurane alkaline degradation occurs by two pathways. The first results from the loss of hydrogen fluoride with the formation of pentafluoroisopropenyl fluoromethyl ether, (PIFE, C4H2F6O), also known as Compound A, and trace amounts of pentafluoromethoxy isopropyl fluoromethyl ether, (PMFE, C5H6F6O), also known as Compound B. The second pathway for degradation of sevoflurane, which occurs primarily in the presence of desiccated CO2 absorbents, is discussed later. In the first pathway, the defluorination pathway, the production of degradants in the anesthesia circuit results from the extraction of the acidic proton in the presence of a strong base (KOH and/or NaOH) forming an alkene (Compound A) from sevoflurane similar to formation of 2-bromo-2-chloro-1,1-difluoro ethylene (BCDFE) from halothane. Laboratory simulations have shown that the concentration of these degradants is inversely correlated with the fresh gas flow rate (See Figure 1). Since the reaction of carbon dioxide with absorbents is exothermic, the temperature increase will be determined by quantities of CO2 absorbed, which in turn will depend on fresh gas flow in the anesthesia circle system, metabolic status of the patient, and ventilation. The relationship of temperature produced by varying levels of CO2 and Compound A production is illustrated in the following in vitro simulation where CO2 was added to a circle absorber system. Compound A concentration in a circle absorber system increases as a function of increasing CO2 absorbent temperature and composition (Baralyme producing higher levels than soda lime), increased body temperature, and increased minute ventilation, and decreasing fresh gas flow rates. It has been reported that the concentration of Compound A increases significantly with prolonged dehydration of Baralyme. Compound A exposure in patients also has been shown to rise with increased sevoflurane concentrations and duration of anesthesia. In a clinical study in which sevoflurane was administered to patients under low flow conditions for ≥ 2 hours at flow rates of 1 Liter/minute, Compound A levels were measured in an effort to determine the relationship between MAC hours and Compound A levels produced. The relationship between Compound A levels and sevoflurane exposure are shown in Figure 2a. Compound A has been shown to be nephrotoxic in rats after exposures that have varied in duration from one to three hours. No histopathologic change was seen at a concentration of up to 270 ppm for one hour. Sporadic single cell necrosis of proximal tubule cells has been reported at a concentration of 114 ppm after a 3-hour exposure to Compound A in rats. The LC50 reported at 1 hour is 1050-1090 ppm (male-female) and, at 3 hours, 350-490 ppm (male-female). An experiment was performed comparing sevoflurane plus 75 or 100 ppm Compound A with an active control to evaluate the potential nephrotoxicity of Compound A in non-human primates. A single 8-hour exposure of Sevoflurane in the presence of Compound A produced single-cell renal tubular degeneration and single-cell necrosis in cynomolgus monkeys. These changes are consistent with the increased urinary protein, glucose level and enzymic activity noted on days one and three on the clinical pathology evaluation. This nephrotoxicity produced by Compound A is dose and duration of exposure dependent. At a fresh gas flow rate of 1 L/min, mean maximum concentrations of Compound A in the anesthesia circuit in clinical settings are approximately 20 ppm (0.002%) with soda lime and 30 ppm (0.003%) with Baralyme in adult patients; mean maximum concentrations in pediatric patients with soda lime are about half those found in adults. The highest concentration observed in a single patient with Baralyme was 61 ppm (0.0061%) and 32 ppm (0.0032%) with soda lime. The levels of Compound A at which toxicity occurs in humans is not known. The second pathway for degradation of sevoflurane occurs primarily in the presence of desiccated CO2 absorbents and leads to the dissociation of sevoflurane into hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) and formaldehyde. HFIP is inactive, non-genotoxic, rapidly glucuronidated and cleared by the liver. Formaldehyde is present during normal metabolic processes. Upon exposure to a highly desiccated absorbent, formaldehyde can further degrade into methanol and formate. Formate can contribute to the formation of carbon monoxide in the presence of high temperature that can be associated with desiccated Baralyme®. Methanol can react with Compound A to form the methoxy addition product Compound B. Compound B can undergo further HF elimination to form Compounds C, D, and E. Sevoflurane degradants were observed in the respiratory circuit of an experimental anesthesia machine using desiccated CO2 absorbents and maximum sevoflurane concentrations (8%) for extended periods of time (> 2 hours). Concentrations of formaldehyde observed with desiccated soda lime in this experimental anesthesia respiratory circuit were consistent with levels that could potentially result in respiratory irritation. Although KOH containing CO2 absorbents are no longer commercially available, in the laboratory experiments, exposure of sevoflurane to the desiccated KOH containing CO2 absorbent, Baralyme, resulted in the detection of substantially greater degradant levels."
},
{
"NDCCode": "0074-4456-51",
"PackageDescription": "250 mL in 1 BOTTLE, PLASTIC (0074-4456-51) ",
"NDC11Code": "00074-4456-51",
"ProductNDC": "0074-4456",
"ProductTypeName": "HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG",
"ProprietaryName": "Ultane",
"NonProprietaryName": "Sevoflurane",
"DosageFormName": "LIQUID",
"RouteName": "RESPIRATORY (INHALATION)",
"StartMarketingDate": "19950607",
"MarketingCategoryName": "NDA",
"ApplicationNumber": "NDA020478",
"LabelerName": "AbbVie Inc.",
"SubstanceName": "SEVOFLURANE",
"StrengthNumber": "250",
"StrengthUnit": "mL/250mL",
"Pharm_Classes": "General Anesthesia [PE], General Anesthetic [EPC]",
"Status": "Active",
"LastUpdate": "2025-02-25",
"PackageNdcExcludeFlag": "N",
"ProductNdcExcludeFlag": "N",
"ListingRecordCertifiedThrough": "20261231",
"StartMarketingDatePackage": "19950607",
"SamplePackage": "N",
"IndicationAndUsage": "ULTANE is indicated for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia in adult and pediatric patients for inpatient and outpatient surgery. ULTANE should be administered only by persons trained in the administration of general anesthesia. Facilities for maintenance of a patent airway, artificial ventilation, oxygen enrichment, and circulatory resuscitation must be immediately available. Since level of anesthesia may be altered rapidly, only vaporizers producing predictable concentrations of sevoflurane should be used.",
"Description": "ULTANE (sevoflurane), volatile liquid for inhalation, a nonflammable and nonexplosive liquid administered by vaporization, is a halogenated general inhalation anesthetic drug. Sevoflurane is fluoromethyl 2,2,2,-trifluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl) ethyl ether and its structural formula is:. Sevoflurane is nonflammable and nonexplosive as defined by the requirements of International Electrotechnical Commission 601-2-13. Sevoflurane is a clear, colorless, liquid containing no additives. Sevoflurane is not corrosive to stainless steel, brass, aluminum, nickel-plated brass, chrome-plated brass or copper beryllium. Sevoflurane is nonpungent. It is miscible with ethanol, ether, chloroform, and benzene, and it is slightly soluble in water. Sevoflurane is stable when stored under normal room lighting conditions according to instructions. No discernible degradation of sevoflurane occurs in the presence of strong acids or heat. When in contact with alkaline CO2 absorbents (e.g., Baralyme® and to a lesser extent soda lime) within the anesthesia machine, sevoflurane can undergo degradation under certain conditions. Degradation of sevoflurane is minimal, and degradants are either undetectable or present in non-toxic amounts when used as directed with fresh absorbents. Sevoflurane degradation and subsequent degradant formation are enhanced by increasing absorbent temperature increased sevoflurane concentration, decreased fresh gas flow and desiccated CO2 absorbents (especially with potassium hydroxide containing absorbents e.g., Baralyme). Sevoflurane alkaline degradation occurs by two pathways. The first results from the loss of hydrogen fluoride with the formation of pentafluoroisopropenyl fluoromethyl ether, (PIFE, C4H2F6O), also known as Compound A, and trace amounts of pentafluoromethoxy isopropyl fluoromethyl ether, (PMFE, C5H6F6O), also known as Compound B. The second pathway for degradation of sevoflurane, which occurs primarily in the presence of desiccated CO2 absorbents, is discussed later. In the first pathway, the defluorination pathway, the production of degradants in the anesthesia circuit results from the extraction of the acidic proton in the presence of a strong base (KOH and/or NaOH) forming an alkene (Compound A) from sevoflurane similar to formation of 2-bromo-2-chloro-1,1-difluoro ethylene (BCDFE) from halothane. Laboratory simulations have shown that the concentration of these degradants is inversely correlated with the fresh gas flow rate (See Figure 1). Figure 1. Fresh Gas Flow Rate versus Compound A Levels in a Circle Absorber System. Since the reaction of carbon dioxide with absorbents is exothermic, the temperature increase will be determined by quantities of CO2 absorbed, which in turn will depend on fresh gas flow in the anesthesia circle system, metabolic status of the patient, and ventilation. The relationship of temperature produced by varying levels of CO2 and Compound A production is illustrated in the following in vitro simulation where CO2 was added to a circle absorber system. Figure 2. Carbon Dioxide Flow versus Compound A and Maximum Temperature. Compound A concentration in a circle absorber system increases as a function of increasing CO2 absorbent temperature and composition (Baralyme producing higher levels than soda lime), increased body temperature, and increased minute ventilation, and decreasing fresh gas flow rates. It has been reported that the concentration of Compound A increases significantly with prolonged dehydration of Baralyme. Compound A exposure in patients also has been shown to rise with increased sevoflurane concentrations and duration of anesthesia. In a clinical study in which sevoflurane was administered to patients under low flow conditions for ≥ 2 hours at flow rates of 1 Liter/minute, Compound A levels were measured in an effort to determine the relationship between MAC hours and Compound A levels produced. The relationship between Compound A levels and sevoflurane exposure are shown in Figure 2a. Figure 2a. ppm·hr versus MAC·hr at Flow Rate of 1 L/min. Compound A has been shown to be nephrotoxic in rats after exposures that have varied in duration from one to three hours. No histopathologic change was seen at a concentration of up to 270 ppm for one hour. Sporadic single cell necrosis of proximal tubule cells has been reported at a concentration of 114 ppm after a 3-hour exposure to Compound A in rats. The LC50 reported at 1 hour is 1050-1090 ppm (male-female) and, at 3 hours, 350-490 ppm (male-female). An experiment was performed comparing sevoflurane plus 75 or 100 ppm Compound A with an active control to evaluate the potential nephrotoxicity of Compound A in non-human primates. A single 8-hour exposure of Sevoflurane in the presence of Compound A produced single-cell renal tubular degeneration and single-cell necrosis in cynomolgus monkeys. These changes are consistent with the increased urinary protein, glucose level and enzymic activity noted on days one and three on the clinical pathology evaluation. This nephrotoxicity produced by Compound A is dose and duration of exposure dependent. At a fresh gas flow rate of 1 L/min, mean maximum concentrations of Compound A in the anesthesia circuit in clinical settings are approximately 20 ppm (0.002%) with soda lime and 30 ppm (0.003%) with Baralyme in adult patients; mean maximum concentrations in pediatric patients with soda lime are about half those found in adults. The highest concentration observed in a single patient with Baralyme was 61 ppm (0.0061%) and 32 ppm (0.0032%) with soda lime. The levels of Compound A at which toxicity occurs in humans is not known. The second pathway for degradation of sevoflurane occurs primarily in the presence of desiccated CO2 absorbents and leads to the dissociation of sevoflurane into hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) and formaldehyde. HFIP is inactive, non-genotoxic, rapidly glucuronidated and cleared by the liver. Formaldehyde is present during normal metabolic processes. Upon exposure to a highly desiccated absorbent, formaldehyde can further degrade into methanol and formate. Formate can contribute to the formation of carbon monoxide in the presence of high temperature that can be associated with desiccated Baralyme®. Methanol can react with Compound A to form the methoxy addition product Compound B. Compound B can undergo further HF elimination to form Compounds C, D, and E. Sevoflurane degradants were observed in the respiratory circuit of an experimental anesthesia machine using desiccated CO2 absorbents and maximum sevoflurane concentrations (8%) for extended periods of time (> 2 hours). Concentrations of formaldehyde observed with desiccated soda lime in this experimental anesthesia respiratory circuit were consistent with levels that could potentially result in respiratory irritation. Although KOH containing CO2 absorbents are no longer commercially available, in the laboratory experiments, exposure of sevoflurane to the desiccated KOH containing CO2 absorbent, Baralyme, resulted in the detection of substantially greater degradant levels."
},
{
"NDCCode": "0527-6123-74",
"PackageDescription": "1 BOTTLE, GLASS in 1 CARTON (0527-6123-74) / 250 mL in 1 BOTTLE, GLASS",
"NDC11Code": "00527-6123-74",
"ProductNDC": "0527-6123",
"ProductTypeName": "HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG",
"ProprietaryName": "Sevoflurane",
"NonProprietaryName": "Sevoflurane",
"DosageFormName": "LIQUID",
"RouteName": "RESPIRATORY (INHALATION)",
"StartMarketingDate": "20230818",
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"IndicationAndUsage": "Sevoflurane is indicated for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia in adult and pediatric patients for inpatient and outpatient surgery. Sevoflurane should be administered only by persons trained in the administration of general anesthesia. Facilities for maintenance of a patent airway, artificial ventilation, oxygen enrichment, and circulatory resuscitation must be immediately available. Since level of anesthesia may be altered rapidly, only vaporizers producing predictable concentrations of sevoflurane should be used.",
"Description": "Sevoflurane USP, volatile liquid for inhalation, a nonflammable and nonexplosive liquid administered by vaporization, is a halogenated general inhalation anesthetic drug. Sevoflurane is fluoromethyl 2,2,2,-trifluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl) ethyl ether and its structural formula is. Sevoflurane is nonflammable and nonexplosive as defined by the requirements of International Electrotechnical Commission 601-2-13. Sevoflurane is a clear, colorless, liquid containing no additives. Sevoflurane is not corrosive to stainless steel, brass, aluminum, nickel-plated brass, chrome-plated brass or copper beryllium. Sevoflurane is nonpungent. It is miscible with ethanol, ether, chloroform, and benzene, and it is slightly soluble in water. Sevoflurane is stable when stored under normal room lighting conditions according to instructions. No discernible degradation of sevoflurane occurs in the presence of strong acids or heat. When in contact with alkaline CO2 absorbents (e.g., Baralyme® and to a lesser extent soda lime) within the anesthesia machine, sevoflurane can undergo degradation under certain conditions. Degradation of sevoflurane is minimal, and degradants are either undetectable or present in non-toxic amounts when used as directed with fresh absorbents. Sevoflurane degradation and subsequent degradant formation are enhanced by increasing absorbent temperature increased sevoflurane concentration, decreased fresh gas flow and desiccated CO2 absorbents (especially with potassium hydroxide containing absorbents e.g., Baralyme). Sevoflurane alkaline degradation occurs by two pathways. The first results from the loss of hydrogen fluoride with the formation of pentafluoroisopropenyl fluoromethyl ether, (PIFE, C4H2F6O), also known as Compound A, and trace amounts of pentafluoromethoxy isopropyl fluoromethyl ether, (PMFE, C5H6F6O), also known as Compound B. The second pathway for degradation of sevoflurane, which occurs primarily in the presence of desiccated CO2 absorbents, is discussed later. In the first pathway, the defluorination pathway, the production of degradants in the anesthesia circuit results from the extraction of the acidic proton in the presence of a strong base (KOH and/or NaOH) forming an alkene (Compound A) from sevoflurane similar to formation of 2-bromo-2-chloro-1,1-difluoro ethylene (BCDFE) from halothane. Laboratory simulations have shown that the concentration of these degradants is inversely correlated with the fresh gas flow rate (See Figure 1). Figure 1. Fresh Gas Flow Rate versus Compound A Levels in a Circle Absorber System. Since the reaction of carbon dioxide with absorbents is exothermic, the temperature increase will be determined by quantities of CO2 absorbed, which in turn will depend on fresh gas flow in the anesthesia circle system, metabolic status of the patient, and ventilation. The relationship of temperature produced by varying levels of CO2 and Compound A production is illustrated in the following in vitro simulation where CO2 was added to a circle absorber system. Figure 2. Carbon Dioxide Flow versus Compound A and Maximum Temperature. Compound A concentration in a circle absorber system increases as a function of increasing CO2 absorbent temperature and composition (Baralyme producing higher levels than soda lime), increased body temperature, and increased minute ventilation, and decreasing fresh gas flow rates. It has been reported that the concentration of Compound A increases significantly with prolonged dehydration of Baralyme. Compound A exposure in patients also has been shown to rise with increased sevoflurane concentrations and duration of anesthesia. In a clinical study in which sevoflurane was administered to patients under low flow conditions for ≥ 2 hours at flow rates of 1 Liter/minute, Compound A levels were measured in an effort to determine the relationship between MAC hours and Compound A levels produced. The relationship between Compound A levels and sevoflurane exposure are shown in Figure 2a. Figure 2a. ppm·hr versus MAC·hr at Flow Rate of 1 L/min. Compound A has been shown to be nephrotoxic in rats after exposures that have varied in duration from one to three hours. No histopathologic change was seen at a concentration of up to 270 ppm for one hour. Sporadic single cell necrosis of proximal tubule cells has been reported at a concentration of 114 ppm after a 3-hour exposure to Compound A in rats. The LC50 reported at 1 hour is 1050-1090 ppm (male-female) and, at 3 hours, 350-490 ppm (male-female). An experiment was performed comparing sevoflurane plus 75 or 100 ppm Compound A with an active control to evaluate the potential nephrotoxicity of Compound A in non-human primates. A single 8-hour exposure of Sevoflurane in the presence of Compound A produced single-cell renal tubular degeneration and single-cell necrosis in cynomolgus monkeys. These changes are consistent with the increased urinary protein, glucose level and enzymic activity noted on days one and three on the clinical pathology evaluation. This nephrotoxicity produced by Compound A is dose and duration of exposure dependent. At a fresh gas flow rate of 1 L/min, mean maximum concentrations of Compound A in the anesthesia circuit in clinical settings are approximately 20 ppm (0.002%) with soda lime and 30 ppm (0.003%) with Baralyme in adult patients; mean maximum concentrations in pediatric patients with soda lime are about half those found in adults. The highest concentration observed in a single patient with Baralyme was 61 ppm (0.0061%) and 32 ppm (0.0032%) with soda lime. The levels of Compound A at which toxicity occurs in humans is not known. The second pathway for degradation of sevoflurane occurs primarily in the presence of desiccated CO2 absorbents and leads to the dissociation of sevoflurane into hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) and formaldehyde. HFIP is inactive, non-genotoxic, rapidly glucuronidated and cleared by the liver. Formaldehyde is present during normal metabolic processes. Upon exposure to a highly desiccated absorbent, formaldehyde can further degrade into methanol and formate. Formate can contribute to the formation of carbon monoxide in the presence of high temperature that can be associated with desiccated Baralyme®. Methanol can react with Compound A to form the methoxy addition product Compound B. Compound B can undergo further HF elimination to form Compounds C, D, and E. Sevoflurane degradants were observed in the respiratory circuit of an experimental anesthesia machine using desiccated CO2 absorbents and maximum sevoflurane concentrations (8%) for extended periods of time (> 2 hours). Concentrations of formaldehyde observed with desiccated soda lime in this experimental anesthesia respiratory circuit were consistent with levels that could potentially result in respiratory irritation. Although KOH containing CO2 absorbents are no longer commercially available, in the laboratory experiments, exposure of sevoflurane to the desiccated KOH containing CO2 absorbent, Baralyme, resulted in the detection of substantially greater degradant levels."
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"Description": "Sevoflurane, USP, volatile liquid for inhalation, a nonflammable and nonexplosive liquid administered by vaporization, is a halogenated general inhalation anesthetic drug. Sevoflurane, USP is fluoromethyl 2,2,2,-trifluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl) ethyl ether and its structural formula is. Sevoflurane, USP is nonflammable and nonexplosive as defined by the requirements of International Electrotechnical Commission 601-2-13. Sevoflurane, USP is a clear, colorless, liquid containing no additives. Sevoflurane, USP is not corrosive to stainless steel, brass, aluminum, nickel-plated brass, chrome-plated brass or copper beryllium. Sevoflurane, USP is nonpungent. It is miscible with ethanol, ether, chloroform, and benzene, and it is slightly soluble in water. Sevoflurane, USP is stable when stored under normal room lighting conditions according to instructions. No discernible degradation of sevoflurane, USP occurs in the presence of strong acids or heat. When in contact with alkaline CO2 absorbents (e.g., Baralyme® and to a lesser extent soda lime) within the anesthesia machine, Sevoflurane, USP can undergo degradation under certain conditions. Degradation of sevoflurane, USP is minimal, and degradants are either undetectable or present in non-toxic amounts when used as directed with fresh absorbents. Sevoflurane, USP degradation and subsequent degradant formation are enhanced by increasing absorbent temperature increased sevoflurane, USP concentration, decreased fresh gas flow and desiccated CO2 absorbents (especially with potassium hydroxide containing absorbents e.g., Baralyme). Sevoflurane, USP alkaline degradation occurs by two pathways. The first results from the loss of hydrogen fluoride with the formation of pentafluoroisopropenyl fluoromethyl ether, (PIFE, C4H2F6O), also known as Compound A, and trace amounts of pentafluoromethoxy isopropyl fluoromethyl ether, (PMFE, C5H6F6O), also known as Compound B. The second pathway for degradation of sevoflurane, USP, which occurs primarily in the presence of desiccated CO2 absorbents, is discussed later. In the first pathway, the defluorination pathway, the production of degradants in the anesthesia circuit results from the extraction of the acidic proton in the presence of a strong base (KOH and/or NaOH) forming an alkene (Compound A) from sevoflurane, USP similar to formation of 2-bromo-2-chloro-1,1-difluoro ethylene (BCDFE) from halothane. Laboratory simulations have shown that the concentration of these degradants is inversely correlated with the fresh gas flow rate (See Figure 1). Since the reaction of carbon dioxide with absorbents is exothermic, the temperature increase will be determined by quantities of CO2 absorbed, which in turn will depend on fresh gas flow in the anesthesia circle system, metabolic status of the patient, and ventilation. The relationship of temperature produced by varying levels of CO2 and Compound A production is illustrated in the following in vitro simulation where CO2 was added to a circle absorber system. Compound A concentration in a circle absorber system increases as a function of increasing CO2 absorbent temperature and composition (Baralyme producing higher levels than soda lime), increased body temperature, and increased minute ventilation, and decreasing fresh gas flow rates. It has been reported that the concentration of Compound A increases significantly with prolonged dehydration of Baralyme. Compound A exposure in patients also has been shown to rise with increased sevoflurane, USP concentrations and duration of anesthesia. In a clinical study in which sevoflurane, USP was administered to patients under low flow conditions for ≥ 2 hours at flow rates of 1 Liter/minute, Compound A levels were measured in an effort to determine the relationship between MAC hours and Compound A levels produced. The relationship between Compound A levels and sevoflurane, USP exposure are shown in Figure 2a. Compound A has been shown to be nephrotoxic in rats after exposures that have varied in duration from one to three hours. No histopathologic change was seen at a concentration of up to 270 ppm for one hour. Sporadic single cell necrosis of proximal tubule cells has been reported at a concentration of 114 ppm after a 3-hour exposure to Compound A in rats. The LC50 reported at 1 hour is 1050-1090 ppm (male-female) and, at 3 hours, 350-490 ppm (male-female). An experiment was performed comparing sevoflurane, USP plus 75 or 100 ppm Compound A with an active control to evaluate the potential nephrotoxicity of Compound A in non-human primates. A single 8-hour exposure of Sevoflurane, USP in the presence of Compound A produced single-cell renal tubular degeneration and single-cell necrosis in cynomolgus monkeys. These changes are consistent with the increased urinary protein, glucose level and enzymic activity noted on days one and three on the clinical pathology evaluation. This nephrotoxicity produced by Compound A is dose and duration of exposure dependent. At a fresh gas flow rate of 1 L/min, mean maximum concentrations of Compound A in the anesthesia circuit in clinical settings are approximately 20 ppm (0.002%) with soda lime and 30 ppm (0.003%) with Baralyme in adult patients; mean maximum concentrations in pediatric patients with soda lime are about half those found in adults. The highest concentration observed in a single patient with Baralyme was 61 ppm (0.0061%) and 32 ppm (0.0032%) with soda lime. The levels of Compound A at which toxicity occurs in humans is not known. The second pathway for degradation of sevoflurane, USP occurs primarily in the presence of desiccated CO2 absorbents and leads to the dissociation of sevoflurane, USP into hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) and formaldehyde. HFIP is inactive, non-genotoxic, rapidly glucuronidated and cleared by the liver. Formaldehyde is present during normal metabolic processes. Upon exposure to a highly desiccated absorbent, formaldehyde can further degrade into methanol and formate. Formate can contribute to the formation of carbon monoxide in the presence of high temperature that can be associated with desiccated Baralyme®. Methanol can react with Compound A to form the methoxy addition product Compound B. Compound B can undergo further HF elimination to form Compounds C, D, and E. Sevoflurane, USP degradants were observed in the respiratory circuit of an experimental anesthesia machine using desiccated CO2 absorbents and maximum sevoflurane, USP concentrations (8%) for extended periods of time (˃ 2 hours). Concentrations of formaldehyde observed with desiccated soda lime in this experimental anesthesia respiratory circuit were consistent with levels that could potentially result in respiratory irritation. Although KOH containing CO2 absorbents are no longer commercially available, in the laboratory experiments, exposure of sevoflurane, USP to the desiccated KOH containing CO2 absorbent, Baralyme, resulted in the detection of substantially greater degradant levels."
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"Description": "Sevoflurane, USP, volatile liquid for inhalation, a nonflammable and nonexplosive liquid administered by vaporization, is a halogenated general inhalation anesthetic drug. Sevoflurane, USP is fluoromethyl 2,2,2,-trifluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl) ethyl ether and its structural formula is. Sevoflurane, USP is nonflammable and nonexplosive as defined by the requirements of International Electrotechnical Commission 601-2-13. Sevoflurane, USP is a clear, colorless, liquid containing no additives. Sevoflurane, USP is not corrosive to stainless steel, brass, aluminum, nickel-plated brass, chrome-plated brass or copper beryllium. Sevoflurane, USP is nonpungent. It is miscible with ethanol, ether, chloroform, and benzene, and it is slightly soluble in water. Sevoflurane, USP is stable when stored under normal room lighting conditions according to instructions. No discernible degradation of sevoflurane, USP occurs in the presence of strong acids or heat. When in contact with alkaline CO2 absorbents (e.g., Baralyme® and to a lesser extent soda lime) within the anesthesia machine, Sevoflurane, USP can undergo degradation under certain conditions. Degradation of sevoflurane, USP is minimal, and degradants are either undetectable or present in non-toxic amounts when used as directed with fresh absorbents. Sevoflurane, USP degradation and subsequent degradant formation are enhanced by increasing absorbent temperature increased sevoflurane, USP concentration, decreased fresh gas flow and desiccated CO2 absorbents (especially with potassium hydroxide containing absorbents e.g., Baralyme). Sevoflurane, USP alkaline degradation occurs by two pathways. The first results from the loss of hydrogen fluoride with the formation of pentafluoroisopropenyl fluoromethyl ether, (PIFE, C4H2F6O), also known as Compound A, and trace amounts of pentafluoromethoxy isopropyl fluoromethyl ether, (PMFE, C5H6F6O), also known as Compound B. The second pathway for degradation of sevoflurane, USP, which occurs primarily in the presence of desiccated CO2 absorbents, is discussed later. In the first pathway, the defluorination pathway, the production of degradants in the anesthesia circuit results from the extraction of the acidic proton in the presence of a strong base (KOH and/or NaOH) forming an alkene (Compound A) from sevoflurane, USP similar to formation of 2-bromo-2-chloro-1,1-difluoro ethylene (BCDFE) from halothane. Laboratory simulations have shown that the concentration of these degradants is inversely correlated with the fresh gas flow rate (See Figure 1). Since the reaction of carbon dioxide with absorbents is exothermic, the temperature increase will be determined by quantities of CO2 absorbed, which in turn will depend on fresh gas flow in the anesthesia circle system, metabolic status of the patient, and ventilation. The relationship of temperature produced by varying levels of CO2 and Compound A production is illustrated in the following in vitro simulation where CO2 was added to a circle absorber system. Compound A concentration in a circle absorber system increases as a function of increasing CO2 absorbent temperature and composition (Baralyme producing higher levels than soda lime), increased body temperature, and increased minute ventilation, and decreasing fresh gas flow rates. It has been reported that the concentration of Compound A increases significantly with prolonged dehydration of Baralyme. Compound A exposure in patients also has been shown to rise with increased sevoflurane, USP concentrations and duration of anesthesia. In a clinical study in which sevoflurane, USP was administered to patients under low flow conditions for ≥ 2 hours at flow rates of 1 Liter/minute, Compound A levels were measured in an effort to determine the relationship between MAC hours and Compound A levels produced. The relationship between Compound A levels and sevoflurane, USP exposure are shown in Figure 2a. Compound A has been shown to be nephrotoxic in rats after exposures that have varied in duration from one to three hours. No histopathologic change was seen at a concentration of up to 270 ppm for one hour. Sporadic single cell necrosis of proximal tubule cells has been reported at a concentration of 114 ppm after a 3-hour exposure to Compound A in rats. The LC50 reported at 1 hour is 1050-1090 ppm (male-female) and, at 3 hours, 350-490 ppm (male-female). An experiment was performed comparing sevoflurane, USP plus 75 or 100 ppm Compound A with an active control to evaluate the potential nephrotoxicity of Compound A in non-human primates. A single 8-hour exposure of Sevoflurane, USP in the presence of Compound A produced single-cell renal tubular degeneration and single-cell necrosis in cynomolgus monkeys. These changes are consistent with the increased urinary protein, glucose level and enzymic activity noted on days one and three on the clinical pathology evaluation. This nephrotoxicity produced by Compound A is dose and duration of exposure dependent. At a fresh gas flow rate of 1 L/min, mean maximum concentrations of Compound A in the anesthesia circuit in clinical settings are approximately 20 ppm (0.002%) with soda lime and 30 ppm (0.003%) with Baralyme in adult patients; mean maximum concentrations in pediatric patients with soda lime are about half those found in adults. The highest concentration observed in a single patient with Baralyme was 61 ppm (0.0061%) and 32 ppm (0.0032%) with soda lime. The levels of Compound A at which toxicity occurs in humans is not known. The second pathway for degradation of sevoflurane, USP occurs primarily in the presence of desiccated CO2 absorbents and leads to the dissociation of sevoflurane, USP into hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) and formaldehyde. HFIP is inactive, non-genotoxic, rapidly glucuronidated and cleared by the liver. Formaldehyde is present during normal metabolic processes. Upon exposure to a highly desiccated absorbent, formaldehyde can further degrade into methanol and formate. Formate can contribute to the formation of carbon monoxide in the presence of high temperature that can be associated with desiccated Baralyme®. Methanol can react with Compound A to form the methoxy addition product Compound B. Compound B can undergo further HF elimination to form Compounds C, D, and E. Sevoflurane, USP degradants were observed in the respiratory circuit of an experimental anesthesia machine using desiccated CO2 absorbents and maximum sevoflurane, USP concentrations (8%) for extended periods of time (> 2 hours). Concentrations of formaldehyde observed with desiccated soda lime in this experimental anesthesia respiratory circuit were consistent with levels that could potentially result in respiratory irritation. Although KOH containing CO2 absorbents are no longer commercially available, in the laboratory experiments, exposure of sevoflurane, USP to the desiccated KOH containing CO2 absorbent, Baralyme, resulted in the detection of substantially greater degradant levels."
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"Description": "Sevoflurane, USP, volatile liquid for inhalation, a nonflammable and nonexplosive liquid administered by vaporization, is a halogenated general inhalation anesthetic drug. Sevoflurane, USP is fluoromethyl 2,2,2,-trifluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl) ethyl ether and its structural formula is. Sevoflurane, USP is nonflammable and nonexplosive as defined by the requirements of International Electrotechnical Commission 601-2-13. Sevoflurane, USP is a clear, colorless, liquid containing no additives. Sevoflurane, USP is not corrosive to stainless steel, brass, aluminum, nickel-plated brass, chrome-plated brass or copper beryllium. Sevoflurane, USP is nonpungent. It is miscible with ethanol, ether, chloroform, and benzene, and it is slightly soluble in water. Sevoflurane, USP is stable when stored under normal room lighting conditions according to instructions. No discernible degradation of sevoflurane, USP occurs in the presence of strong acids or heat. When in contact with alkaline CO2 absorbents (e.g., Baralyme® and to a lesser extent soda lime) within the anesthesia machine, Sevoflurane, USP can undergo degradation under certain conditions. Degradation of sevoflurane, USP is minimal, and degradants are either undetectable or present in non-toxic amounts when used as directed with fresh absorbents. Sevoflurane, USP degradation and subsequent degradant formation are enhanced by increasing absorbent temperature increased sevoflurane, USP concentration, decreased fresh gas flow and desiccated CO2 absorbents (especially with potassium hydroxide containing absorbents e.g., Baralyme). Sevoflurane, USP alkaline degradation occurs by two pathways. The first results from the loss of hydrogen fluoride with the formation of pentafluoroisopropenyl fluoromethyl ether, (PIFE, C4H2F6O), also known as Compound A, and trace amounts of pentafluoromethoxy isopropyl fluoromethyl ether, (PMFE, C5H6F6O), also known as Compound B. The second pathway for degradation of sevoflurane, USP, which occurs primarily in the presence of desiccated CO2 absorbents, is discussed later. In the first pathway, the defluorination pathway, the production of degradants in the anesthesia circuit results from the extraction of the acidic proton in the presence of a strong base (KOH and/or NaOH) forming an alkene (Compound A) from sevoflurane, USP similar to formation of 2-bromo-2-chloro-1,1-difluoro ethylene (BCDFE) from halothane. Laboratory simulations have shown that the concentration of these degradants is inversely correlated with the fresh gas flow rate (See Figure 1). Since the reaction of carbon dioxide with absorbents is exothermic, the temperature increase will be determined by quantities of CO2 absorbed, which in turn will depend on fresh gas flow in the anesthesia circle system, metabolic status of the patient, and ventilation. The relationship of temperature produced by varying levels of CO2 and Compound A production is illustrated in the following in vitro simulation where CO2 was added to a circle absorber system. Compound A concentration in a circle absorber system increases as a function of increasing CO2 absorbent temperature and composition (Baralyme producing higher levels than soda lime), increased body temperature, and increased minute ventilation, and decreasing fresh gas flow rates. It has been reported that the concentration of Compound A increases significantly with prolonged dehydration of Baralyme. Compound A exposure in patients also has been shown to rise with increased sevoflurane, USP concentrations and duration of anesthesia. In a clinical study in which sevoflurane, USP was administered to patients under low flow conditions for ≥ 2 hours at flow rates of 1 Liter/minute, Compound A levels were measured in an effort to determine the relationship between MAC hours and Compound A levels produced. The relationship between Compound A levels and sevoflurane, USP exposure are shown in Figure 2a. Compound A has been shown to be nephrotoxic in rats after exposures that have varied in duration from one to three hours. No histopathologic change was seen at a concentration of up to 270 ppm for one hour. Sporadic single cell necrosis of proximal tubule cells has been reported at a concentration of 114 ppm after a 3-hour exposure to Compound A in rats. The LC50 reported at 1 hour is 1050-1090 ppm (male-female) and, at 3 hours, 350-490 ppm (male-female). An experiment was performed comparing sevoflurane, USP plus 75 or 100 ppm Compound A with an active control to evaluate the potential nephrotoxicity of Compound A in non-human primates. A single 8-hour exposure of Sevoflurane, USP in the presence of Compound A produced single-cell renal tubular degeneration and single-cell necrosis in cynomolgus monkeys. These changes are consistent with the increased urinary protein, glucose level and enzymic activity noted on days one and three on the clinical pathology evaluation. This nephrotoxicity produced by Compound A is dose and duration of exposure dependent. At a fresh gas flow rate of 1 L/min, mean maximum concentrations of Compound A in the anesthesia circuit in clinical settings are approximately 20 ppm (0.002%) with soda lime and 30 ppm (0.003%) with Baralyme in adult patients; mean maximum concentrations in pediatric patients with soda lime are about half those found in adults. The highest concentration observed in a single patient with Baralyme was 61 ppm (0.0061%) and 32 ppm (0.0032%) with soda lime. The levels of Compound A at which toxicity occurs in humans is not known. The second pathway for degradation of sevoflurane, USP occurs primarily in the presence of desiccated CO2 absorbents and leads to the dissociation of sevoflurane, USP into hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) and formaldehyde. HFIP is inactive, non-genotoxic, rapidly glucuronidated and cleared by the liver. Formaldehyde is present during normal metabolic processes. Upon exposure to a highly desiccated absorbent, formaldehyde can further degrade into methanol and formate. Formate can contribute to the formation of carbon monoxide in the presence of high temperature that can be associated with desiccated Baralyme®. Methanol can react with Compound A to form the methoxy addition product Compound B. Compound B can undergo further HF elimination to form Compounds C, D, and E. Sevoflurane, USP degradants were observed in the respiratory circuit of an experimental anesthesia machine using desiccated CO2 absorbents and maximum sevoflurane, USP concentrations (8%) for extended periods of time (˃ 2 hours). Concentrations of formaldehyde observed with desiccated soda lime in this experimental anesthesia respiratory circuit were consistent with levels that could potentially result in respiratory irritation. Although KOH containing CO2 absorbents are no longer commercially available, in the laboratory experiments, exposure of sevoflurane, USP to the desiccated KOH containing CO2 absorbent, Baralyme, resulted in the detection of substantially greater degradant levels."
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"IndicationAndUsage": "Sevoflurane is indicated for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia in adult and pediatric patients for inpatient and outpatient surgery. Sevoflurane should be administered only by persons trained in the administration of general anesthesia. Facilities for maintenance of a patent airway, artificial ventilation, oxygen enrichment, and circulatory resuscitation must be immediately available. Since level of anesthesia may be altered rapidly, only vaporizers producing predictable concentrations of sevoflurane should be used.",
"Description": "Sevoflurane, USP, volatile liquid for inhalation, a nonflammable and nonexplosive liquid administered by vaporization, is a halogenated general inhalation anesthetic drug. Sevoflurane, USP is fluoromethyl 2,2,2,-trifluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl) ethyl ether and its structural formula is. Sevoflurane, USP is nonflammable and nonexplosive as defined by the requirements of International Electrotechnical Commission 601-2-13. Sevoflurane, USP is a clear, colorless, liquid containing no additives. Sevoflurane, USP is not corrosive to stainless steel, brass, aluminum, nickel-plated brass, chrome-plated brass or copper beryllium. Sevoflurane, USP is nonpungent. It is miscible with ethanol, ether, chloroform, and benzene, and it is slightly soluble in water. Sevoflurane, USP is stable when stored under normal room lighting conditions according to instructions. No discernible degradation of sevoflurane, USP occurs in the presence of strong acids or heat. When in contact with alkaline CO2 absorbents (e.g., Baralyme® and to a lesser extent soda lime) within the anesthesia machine, Sevoflurane, USP can undergo degradation under certain conditions. Degradation of sevoflurane, USP is minimal, and degradants are either undetectable or present in non-toxic amounts when used as directed with fresh absorbents. Sevoflurane, USP degradation and subsequent degradant formation are enhanced by increasing absorbent temperature increased sevoflurane, USP concentration, decreased fresh gas flow and desiccated CO2 absorbents (especially with potassium hydroxide containing absorbents e.g., Baralyme). Sevoflurane, USP alkaline degradation occurs by two pathways. The first results from the loss of hydrogen fluoride with the formation of pentafluoroisopropenyl fluoromethyl ether, (PIFE, C4H2F6O), also known as Compound A, and trace amounts of pentafluoromethoxy isopropyl fluoromethyl ether, (PMFE, C5H6F6O), also known as Compound B. The second pathway for degradation of sevoflurane, USP, which occurs primarily in the presence of desiccated CO2 absorbents, is discussed later. In the first pathway, the defluorination pathway, the production of degradants in the anesthesia circuit results from the extraction of the acidic proton in the presence of a strong base (KOH and/or NaOH) forming an alkene (Compound A) from sevoflurane, USP similar to formation of 2-bromo-2-chloro-1,1-difluoro ethylene (BCDFE) from halothane. Laboratory simulations have shown that the concentration of these degradants is inversely correlated with the fresh gas flow rate (See Figure 1). Since the reaction of carbon dioxide with absorbents is exothermic, the temperature increase will be determined by quantities of CO2 absorbed, which in turn will depend on fresh gas flow in the anesthesia circle system, metabolic status of the patient, and ventilation. The relationship of temperature produced by varying levels of CO2 and Compound A production is illustrated in the following in vitro simulation where CO2 was added to a circle absorber system. Compound A concentration in a circle absorber system increases as a function of increasing CO2 absorbent temperature and composition (Baralyme producing higher levels than soda lime), increased body temperature, and increased minute ventilation, and decreasing fresh gas flow rates. It has been reported that the concentration of Compound A increases significantly with prolonged dehydration of Baralyme. Compound A exposure in patients also has been shown to rise with increased sevoflurane, USP concentrations and duration of anesthesia. In a clinical study in which sevoflurane, USP was administered to patients under low flow conditions for ≥ 2 hours at flow rates of 1 Liter/minute, Compound A levels were measured in an effort to determine the relationship between MAC hours and Compound A levels produced. The relationship between Compound A levels and sevoflurane, USP exposure are shown in Figure 2a. Compound A has been shown to be nephrotoxic in rats after exposures that have varied in duration from one to three hours. No histopathologic change was seen at a concentration of up to 270 ppm for one hour. Sporadic single cell necrosis of proximal tubule cells has been reported at a concentration of 114 ppm after a 3-hour exposure to Compound A in rats. The LC50 reported at 1 hour is 1050-1090 ppm (male-female) and, at 3 hours, 350-490 ppm (male-female). An experiment was performed comparing sevoflurane, USP plus 75 or 100 ppm Compound A with an active control to evaluate the potential nephrotoxicity of Compound A in non-human primates. A single 8-hour exposure of Sevoflurane, USP in the presence of Compound A produced single-cell renal tubular degeneration and single-cell necrosis in cynomolgus monkeys. These changes are consistent with the increased urinary protein, glucose level and enzymic activity noted on days one and three on the clinical pathology evaluation. This nephrotoxicity produced by Compound A is dose and duration of exposure dependent. At a fresh gas flow rate of 1 L/min, mean maximum concentrations of Compound A in the anesthesia circuit in clinical settings are approximately 20 ppm (0.002%) with soda lime and 30 ppm (0.003%) with Baralyme in adult patients; mean maximum concentrations in pediatric patients with soda lime are about half those found in adults. The highest concentration observed in a single patient with Baralyme was 61 ppm (0.0061%) and 32 ppm (0.0032%) with soda lime. The levels of Compound A at which toxicity occurs in humans is not known. The second pathway for degradation of sevoflurane, USP occurs primarily in the presence of desiccated CO2 absorbents and leads to the dissociation of sevoflurane, USP into hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) and formaldehyde. HFIP is inactive, non-genotoxic, rapidly glucuronidated and cleared by the liver. Formaldehyde is present during normal metabolic processes. Upon exposure to a highly desiccated absorbent, formaldehyde can further degrade into methanol and formate. Formate can contribute to the formation of carbon monoxide in the presence of high temperature that can be associated with desiccated Baralyme®. Methanol can react with Compound A to form the methoxy addition product Compound B. Compound B can undergo further HF elimination to form Compounds C, D, and E. Sevoflurane, USP degradants were observed in the respiratory circuit of an experimental anesthesia machine using desiccated CO2 absorbents and maximum sevoflurane, USP concentrations (8%) for extended periods of time (> 2 hours). Concentrations of formaldehyde observed with desiccated soda lime in this experimental anesthesia respiratory circuit were consistent with levels that could potentially result in respiratory irritation. Although KOH containing CO2 absorbents are no longer commercially available, in the laboratory experiments, exposure of sevoflurane, USP to the desiccated KOH containing CO2 absorbent, Baralyme, resulted in the detection of substantially greater degradant levels."
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"SubstanceName": "SEVOFLURANE",
"StrengthNumber": "1",
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"Pharm_Classes": "General Anesthesia [PE], General Anesthetic [EPC]",
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"IndicationAndUsage": "Sevoflurane is indicated for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia in adult and pediatric patients for inpatient and outpatient surgery. Sevoflurane should be administered only by persons trained in the administration of general anesthesia. Facilities for maintenance of a patent airway, artificial ventilation, oxygen enrichment, and circulatory resuscitation must be immediately available. Since level of anesthesia may be altered rapidly, only vaporizers producing predictable concentrations of sevoflurane should be used.",
"Description": "Sevoflurane, volatile liquid for inhalation, a nonflammable and nonexplosive liquid administered by vaporization, is a halogenated general inhalation anesthetic drug. Sevoflurane is fluoromethyl 2,2,2,-trifluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl) ethyl ether and its structural formula is. Sevoflurane is nonflammable and nonexplosive as defined by the requirements of International Electrotechnical Commission 601-2-13. Sevoflurane is a clear, colorless, liquid containing no additives. Sevoflurane is not corrosive to stainless steel, brass, aluminum, nickel-plated brass, chrome-plated brass or copper beryllium. Sevoflurane is nonpungent. It is miscible with ethanol, ether, chloroform, and benzene, and it is slightly soluble in water. Sevoflurane is stable when stored under normal room lighting conditions according to instructions. No discernible degradation of sevoflurane occurs in the presence of strong acids or heat. When in contact with alkaline CO2 absorbents (e.g Baralyme® and to a lesser extent soda lime) within the anesthesia machine, sevoflurane can undergo degradation under certain conditions. Degradation of sevoflurane is minimal, and degradants are either undetectable or present in non-toxic amounts when used as directed with fresh absorbents. Sevoflurane degradation and subsequent degradant formation are enhanced by increasing absorbent temperature increased sevoflurane concentration, decreased fresh gas flow and desiccated CO2 absorbents (especially with potassium hydroxide containing absorbents e.g.Baralyme). Sevoflurane alkaline degradation occurs by two pathways. The first results from the loss of hydrogen fluoride with the formation of pentafluoroisopropenyl fluoromethyl ether, (PIFE, C4H2F6O), also known as Compound A, and trace amounts of pentafluoromethoxy isopropyl fluoromethyl ether, (PMFE, C5H6F6O), also known as Compound B. The second pathway for degradation of sevoflurane, which occurs primarily in the presence of desiccated CO2 absorbents, is discussed later. In the first pathway, the defluorination pathway, the production of degradants in the anesthesia circuit results from the extraction of the acidic proton in the presence of a strong base (KOH and/or NaOH) forming an alkene (Compound A) from sevoflurane similar to formation of 2-bromo-2-chloro-1, 1-difluoro ethylene (BCDFE) from halothane. Laboratory simulations have shown that the concentration of these degradants is inversely correlated with the fresh gas flow rate (See Figure 1). Since the reaction of carbon dioxide with absorbents is exothermic, the temperature increase will be determined by quantities of CO2 absorbed, which in turn will depend on fresh gas flow in the anesthesia circle system, metabolic status of the patient, and ventilation. The relationship of temperature produced by varying levels of CO2 and Compound A production is illustrated in the following in vitro simulation where CO2 was added to a circle absorber system. Compound A concentration in a circle absorber system increases as a function of increasing CO2 absorbent temperature and composition (Baralyme producing higher levels than soda lime), increased body temperature, and increased minute ventilation, and decreasing fresh gas flow rates. It has been reported that the concentration of Compound A increases significantly with prolonged dehydration of Baralyme. Compound A exposure in patients also has been shown to rise with increased sevoflurane concentrations and duration of anesthesia. In a clinical study in which sevoflurane was administered to patients under low flow conditions for ≥2 hours at flow rates of 1 Liter/minute, Compound A levels were measured in an effort to determine the relationship between MAC hours and Compound A levels produced. The relationship between Compound A levels and sevoflurane exposure are shown in Figure 2a. Compound A has been shown to be nephrotoxic in rats after exposures that have varied in duration from one to three hours. No histopathologic change was seen at a concentration of up to 270 ppm for one hour. Sporadic single cell necrosis of proximal tubule cells has been reported at a concentration of 114 ppm after a 3-hour exposure to Compound A in rats. The LC50 reported at 1 hour is 1050 to 1090 ppm (male-female) and, at 3 hours, 350 to 490 ppm (male-female). An experiment was performed comparing sevoflurane plus 75 or 100 ppm Compound A with an active control to evaluate the potential nephrotoxicity of Compound A in non-human primates. A single 8-hour exposure of Sevoflurane in the presence of Compound A produced single-cell renal tubular degeneration and single-cell necrosis in cynomolgus monkeys. These changes are consistent with the increased urinary protein, glucose level and enzymic activity noted on days one and three on the clinical pathology evaluation. This nephrotoxicity produced by Compound A is dose and duration of exposure dependent. At a fresh gas flow rate of 1 L/min, mean maximum concentrations of Compound A in the anesthesia circuit in clinical settings are approximately 20 ppm (0.002%) with soda lime and 30 ppm (0.003%) with Baralyme in adult patients; mean maximum concentrations in pediatric patients with soda lime are about half those found in adults. The highest concentration observed in a single patient with Baralyme was 61 ppm (0.0061%) and 32 ppm (0.0032%) with soda lime. The levels of Compound A at which toxicity occurs in humans is not known. The second pathway for degradation of sevoflurane occurs primarily in the presence of desiccated CO2 absorbents and leads to the dissociation of sevoflurane into hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) and formaldehyde. HFIP is inactive, non-genotoxic, rapidly glucuronidated and cleared by the liver. Formaldehyde is present during normal metabolic processes. Upon exposure to a highly desiccated absorbent, formaldehyde can further degrade into methanol and formate. Formate can contribute to the formation of carbon monoxide in the presence of high temperature that can be associated with desiccated Baralyme®. Methanol can react with Compound A to form the methoxy addition product Compound B. Compound B can undergo further HF elimination to form Compounds C, D, and E. Sevoflurane degradants were observed in the respiratory circuit of an experimental anesthesia machine using desiccated CO2 absorbents and maximum sevoflurane concentrations (8%) for extended periods of time (> 2 hours). Concentrations of formaldehyde observed with desiccated soda lime in this experimental anesthesia respiratory circuit were consistent with levels that could potentially result in respiratory irritation. Although KOH containing CO2 absorbents are no longer commercially available, in the laboratory experiments, exposure of sevoflurane to the desiccated KOH containing CO2 absorbent, Baralyme, resulted in the detection of substantially greater degradant levels."
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"Description": "Allergenic extracts are sterile solutions consisting of the extractable components from various biological sources including pollens, inhalants, molds, animal epidermals and insects. Aqueous extracts are prepared using cocas fluid containing NaCl 0.5%, NaHCO3 0.0275%, WFI, preservative 0.4% Phenol. Glycerinated allergenic extracts are prepared with cocas fluid and glycerin to produce a 50% (v/v) allergenic extract. Allergenic Extracts are supplied as concentrations designated as protein nitrogen units (PNU) or weight/volume (w/v) ratio. Standardized extracts are designated in Bioequivalent Allergy Units (BAU) or Allergy Units (AU). (See product insert for standardized extracts). For diagnostic purposes, allergenic extracts are to be administered by prick-puncture or intradermal routes. Allergenic extracts are administered subcutaneously for immunotherapy injections."
},
{
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"Status": "Deprecated",
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"IndicationAndUsage": "Allergenic extracts are indicated for use in diagnostic testing and as part of a treatment regime for allergic disease, as established by allergy history and skin test reactivity. Allergenic extracts are indicated for the treatment of allergen specific allergic disease for use as hyposensitization or immunotherapy when avoidance of specific allergens can not be attained. The use of allergenic extracts for therapeutic purpose has been established by well-controlled clinical studies. Allergenic extracts may be used as adjunctive therapy along with pharmacotherapy which includes antihistamines, corticosteroids, and cromoglycate, and avoidance measures. Allergenic extracts for therapeutic use should be given using only the allergen selection to which the patient is allergic, has a history of exposure and are likely to be exposed to again.",
"Description": "Allergenic extracts are sterile solutions consisting of the extractable components from various biological sources including pollens, inhalants, molds, animal epidermals and insects. Aqueous extracts are prepared using cocas fluid containing NaCl 0.5%, NaHCO3 0.0275%, WFI, preservative 0.4% Phenol. Glycerinated allergenic extracts are prepared with cocas fluid and glycerin to produce a 50% (v/v) allergenic extract. Allergenic Extracts are supplied as concentrations designated as protein nitrogen units (PNU) or weight/volume (w/v) ratio. Standardized extracts are designated in Bioequivalent Allergy Units (BAU) or Allergy Units (AU). (See product insert for standardized extracts). For diagnostic purposes, allergenic extracts are to be administered by prick-puncture or intradermal routes. Allergenic extracts are administered subcutaneously for immunotherapy injections."
}
]
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<SamplePackage>N</SamplePackage>
<IndicationAndUsage>ADSTILADRIN® is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with high-risk Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-unresponsive non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer (NMIBC) with carcinoma in situ (CIS) with or without papillary tumors.</IndicationAndUsage>
<Description>ADSTILADRIN (nadofaragene firadenovec-vncg) is a non-replicating adenoviral vector-based gene therapy for intravesical instillation. It is a recombinant adenovirus serotype 5 vector containing a transgene encoding the human interferon alfa-2b (IFNα2b). ADSTILADRIN has a nominal concentration of 3 x 1011 vp/mL. A single-use vial of ADSTILADRIN contains an extractable volume of 20 mL and the following excipients: [N-(3-cholamidopropyl)-N-(3-lactobionamidopropyl)]-cholamide (Syn3) (0.95 mg/mL), citric acid monohydrate (0.01 mg/mL), glycerol (84 mg/mL), hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (7.9 mg/mL), magnesium chloride hexahydrate (0.34 mg/mL), polysorbate 80 (Tween 80) (0.48 mg/mL), sodium dihydrogen phosphate dihydrate (1.4 mg/mL), sucrose (17 mg/mL), tri-sodium citrate dihydrate (0.04 mg/mL), tromethamine (1.4 mg/mL) and Water for Injection (q.s. 1 mL). ADSTILADRIN is a sterile, clear to opalescent suspension, and contains no preservative.</Description>
</NDC>
<NDC>
<NDCCode>68210-1050-0</NDCCode>
<PackageDescription>48 BLISTER PACK in 1 CARTON (68210-1050-0) / 12 CAPSULE, LIQUID FILLED in 1 BLISTER PACK</PackageDescription>
<NDC11Code>68210-1050-00</NDC11Code>
<ProductNDC>68210-1050</ProductNDC>
<ProductTypeName>HUMAN OTC DRUG</ProductTypeName>
<ProprietaryName>Multi-symptom Nitetime</ProprietaryName>
<NonProprietaryName>Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide, And Doxylamine Succinate</NonProprietaryName>
<DosageFormName>CAPSULE, LIQUID FILLED</DosageFormName>
<RouteName>ORAL</RouteName>
<StartMarketingDate>20180416</StartMarketingDate>
<MarketingCategoryName>OTC MONOGRAPH DRUG</MarketingCategoryName>
<ApplicationNumber>M012</ApplicationNumber>
<LabelerName>SPIRIT PHARMACEUTICALS LLC</LabelerName>
<SubstanceName>ACETAMINOPHEN; DEXTROMETHORPHAN HYDROBROMIDE; DOXYLAMINE SUCCINATE</SubstanceName>
<StrengthNumber>325; 15; 6.25</StrengthNumber>
<StrengthUnit>mg/1; mg/1; mg/1</StrengthUnit>
<Pharm_Classes>Antihistamine [EPC], Histamine Receptor Antagonists [MoA], Sigma-1 Agonist [EPC], Sigma-1 Receptor Agonists [MoA], Uncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate Receptor Antagonist [EPC], Uncompetitive NMDA Receptor Antagonists [MoA]</Pharm_Classes>
<Status>Deprecated</Status>
<LastUpdate>2026-01-01</LastUpdate>
<PackageNdcExcludeFlag>N</PackageNdcExcludeFlag>
<ProductNdcExcludeFlag>N</ProductNdcExcludeFlag>
<ListingRecordCertifiedThrough>20251231</ListingRecordCertifiedThrough>
<StartMarketingDatePackage>20180416</StartMarketingDatePackage>
<SamplePackage>N</SamplePackage>
<IndicationAndUsage>temporarily relieves common cold/flu symptoms: 1 cough due to minor throat and bronchial irritation, 2 sore throat, 3 headache, 4 minor aches/pains, 5 fever, 6 runny nose and sneezing.</IndicationAndUsage>
</NDC>
<NDC>
<NDCCode>70518-1050-0</NDCCode>
<PackageDescription>30 TABLET in 1 BLISTER PACK (70518-1050-0) </PackageDescription>
<NDC11Code>70518-1050-00</NDC11Code>
<ProductNDC>70518-1050</ProductNDC>
<ProductTypeName>HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG</ProductTypeName>
<ProprietaryName>Buspirone Hydrochloride</ProprietaryName>
<NonProprietaryName>Buspirone Hydrochloride</NonProprietaryName>
<DosageFormName>TABLET</DosageFormName>
<RouteName>ORAL</RouteName>
<StartMarketingDate>20180301</StartMarketingDate>
<MarketingCategoryName>ANDA</MarketingCategoryName>
<ApplicationNumber>ANDA078888</ApplicationNumber>
<LabelerName>REMEDYREPACK INC.</LabelerName>
<SubstanceName>BUSPIRONE HYDROCHLORIDE</SubstanceName>
<StrengthNumber>15</StrengthNumber>
<StrengthUnit>mg/1</StrengthUnit>
<Status>Deprecated</Status>
<LastUpdate>2020-05-13</LastUpdate>
<PackageNdcExcludeFlag>N</PackageNdcExcludeFlag>
<ProductNdcExcludeFlag>N</ProductNdcExcludeFlag>
<ListingRecordCertifiedThrough>20201231</ListingRecordCertifiedThrough>
<StartMarketingDatePackage>20180301</StartMarketingDatePackage>
<SamplePackage>N</SamplePackage>
</NDC>
<NDC>
<NDCCode>44946-1015-2</NDCCode>
<PackageDescription>60 TABLET, CHEWABLE in 1 BOTTLE, PLASTIC (44946-1015-2)</PackageDescription>
<NDC11Code>44946-1015-02</NDC11Code>
<ProductNDC>44946-1015</ProductNDC>
<ProductTypeName>HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG</ProductTypeName>
<ProprietaryName>Ludent</ProprietaryName>
<NonProprietaryName>Sodium Fluoride</NonProprietaryName>
<DosageFormName>TABLET, CHEWABLE</DosageFormName>
<RouteName>ORAL</RouteName>
<StartMarketingDate>20090910</StartMarketingDate>
<MarketingCategoryName>UNAPPROVED DRUG OTHER</MarketingCategoryName>
<LabelerName>Sancilio & Company Inc</LabelerName>
<SubstanceName>SODIUM FLUORIDE</SubstanceName>
<StrengthNumber>.25</StrengthNumber>
<StrengthUnit>mg/1</StrengthUnit>
<Status>Deprecated</Status>
<LastUpdate>2019-09-21</LastUpdate>
<ProductNdcExcludeFlag>E</ProductNdcExcludeFlag>
<ListingRecordCertifiedThrough>20171231</ListingRecordCertifiedThrough>
<IndicationAndUsage>For once daily self-applied systemic use as a dental caries preventive in pediatric patients. It has been established that ingestion of fluoridated drinking water (1 ppm F¯) during the period of tooth development results in a significant decrease in the incidence of dental caries. Sodium Fluoride Chewable Tablets were developed to provide systemic fluoride for use as a supplement in pediatric patients from age 3 years to age 16 years and older living in areas where the drinking water fluoride contents does not exceed 0.6 ppm F¯.</IndicationAndUsage>
<Description>This product is a prescription product for the clinical dietary management of the metabolic processes of caries prophylaxis. 7, 60 and120 Tablets per bottle and 30 count blister. Active Ingredient: Fluoride (as Sodium Fluoride) 0.25 mg / 0.5 mg / 1.0 mg. Inactive Ingredients: Xylitol, microcrystalline cellulose, malic acid, magnesium stearate, talc, citric acid, orange flavor, sucralose. Caution: Do not eat or drink dairy products within one hour of fluoride administration. Incompatibility of fluoride with dairy foods has been reported due to formation of calcium fluoride which is poorly absorbed.</Description>
</NDC>
<NDC>
<NDCCode>44946-1015-3</NDCCode>
<PackageDescription>120 TABLET, CHEWABLE in 1 BOTTLE, PLASTIC (44946-1015-3)</PackageDescription>
<NDC11Code>44946-1015-03</NDC11Code>
<ProductNDC>44946-1015</ProductNDC>
<ProductTypeName>HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG</ProductTypeName>
<ProprietaryName>Ludent</ProprietaryName>
<NonProprietaryName>Sodium Fluoride</NonProprietaryName>
<DosageFormName>TABLET, CHEWABLE</DosageFormName>
<RouteName>ORAL</RouteName>
<StartMarketingDate>20090910</StartMarketingDate>
<MarketingCategoryName>UNAPPROVED DRUG OTHER</MarketingCategoryName>
<LabelerName>Sancilio & Company Inc</LabelerName>
<SubstanceName>SODIUM FLUORIDE</SubstanceName>
<StrengthNumber>.25</StrengthNumber>
<StrengthUnit>mg/1</StrengthUnit>
<Status>Deprecated</Status>
<LastUpdate>2019-09-21</LastUpdate>
<ProductNdcExcludeFlag>E</ProductNdcExcludeFlag>
<ListingRecordCertifiedThrough>20171231</ListingRecordCertifiedThrough>
<IndicationAndUsage>For once daily self-applied systemic use as a dental caries preventive in pediatric patients. It has been established that ingestion of fluoridated drinking water (1 ppm F¯) during the period of tooth development results in a significant decrease in the incidence of dental caries. Sodium Fluoride Chewable Tablets were developed to provide systemic fluoride for use as a supplement in pediatric patients from age 3 years to age 16 years and older living in areas where the drinking water fluoride contents does not exceed 0.6 ppm F¯.</IndicationAndUsage>
<Description>This product is a prescription product for the clinical dietary management of the metabolic processes of caries prophylaxis. 7, 60 and120 Tablets per bottle and 30 count blister. Active Ingredient: Fluoride (as Sodium Fluoride) 0.25 mg / 0.5 mg / 1.0 mg. Inactive Ingredients: Xylitol, microcrystalline cellulose, malic acid, magnesium stearate, talc, citric acid, orange flavor, sucralose. Caution: Do not eat or drink dairy products within one hour of fluoride administration. Incompatibility of fluoride with dairy foods has been reported due to formation of calcium fluoride which is poorly absorbed.</Description>
</NDC>
<NDC>
<NDCCode>44946-1015-6</NDCCode>
<PackageDescription>30 TABLET, CHEWABLE in 1 BLISTER PACK (44946-1015-6)</PackageDescription>
<NDC11Code>44946-1015-06</NDC11Code>
<ProductNDC>44946-1015</ProductNDC>
<ProductTypeName>HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG</ProductTypeName>
<ProprietaryName>Ludent</ProprietaryName>
<NonProprietaryName>Sodium Fluoride</NonProprietaryName>
<DosageFormName>TABLET, CHEWABLE</DosageFormName>
<RouteName>ORAL</RouteName>
<StartMarketingDate>20090910</StartMarketingDate>
<MarketingCategoryName>UNAPPROVED DRUG OTHER</MarketingCategoryName>
<LabelerName>Sancilio & Company Inc</LabelerName>
<SubstanceName>SODIUM FLUORIDE</SubstanceName>
<StrengthNumber>.25</StrengthNumber>
<StrengthUnit>mg/1</StrengthUnit>
<Status>Deprecated</Status>
<LastUpdate>2019-09-21</LastUpdate>
<ProductNdcExcludeFlag>E</ProductNdcExcludeFlag>
<ListingRecordCertifiedThrough>20171231</ListingRecordCertifiedThrough>
<IndicationAndUsage>For once daily self-applied systemic use as a dental caries preventive in pediatric patients. It has been established that ingestion of fluoridated drinking water (1 ppm F¯) during the period of tooth development results in a significant decrease in the incidence of dental caries. Sodium Fluoride Chewable Tablets were developed to provide systemic fluoride for use as a supplement in pediatric patients from age 3 years to age 16 years and older living in areas where the drinking water fluoride contents does not exceed 0.6 ppm F¯.</IndicationAndUsage>
<Description>This product is a prescription product for the clinical dietary management of the metabolic processes of caries prophylaxis. 7, 60 and120 Tablets per bottle and 30 count blister. Active Ingredient: Fluoride (as Sodium Fluoride) 0.25 mg / 0.5 mg / 1.0 mg. Inactive Ingredients: Xylitol, microcrystalline cellulose, malic acid, magnesium stearate, talc, citric acid, orange flavor, sucralose. Caution: Do not eat or drink dairy products within one hour of fluoride administration. Incompatibility of fluoride with dairy foods has been reported due to formation of calcium fluoride which is poorly absorbed.</Description>
</NDC>
<NDC>
<NDCCode>44946-1016-2</NDCCode>
<PackageDescription>60 TABLET, CHEWABLE in 1 BOTTLE, PLASTIC (44946-1016-2)</PackageDescription>
<NDC11Code>44946-1016-02</NDC11Code>
<ProductNDC>44946-1016</ProductNDC>
<ProductTypeName>HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG</ProductTypeName>
<ProprietaryName>Ludent</ProprietaryName>
<NonProprietaryName>Sodium Fluoride</NonProprietaryName>
<DosageFormName>TABLET, CHEWABLE</DosageFormName>
<RouteName>ORAL</RouteName>
<StartMarketingDate>20090910</StartMarketingDate>
<MarketingCategoryName>UNAPPROVED DRUG OTHER</MarketingCategoryName>
<LabelerName>Sancilio & Company Inc</LabelerName>
<SubstanceName>SODIUM FLUORIDE</SubstanceName>
<StrengthNumber>.5</StrengthNumber>
<StrengthUnit>mg/1</StrengthUnit>
<Status>Deprecated</Status>
<LastUpdate>2019-09-21</LastUpdate>
<ProductNdcExcludeFlag>E</ProductNdcExcludeFlag>
<ListingRecordCertifiedThrough>20171231</ListingRecordCertifiedThrough>
<IndicationAndUsage>For once daily self-applied systemic use as a dental caries preventive in pediatric patients. It has been established that ingestion of fluoridated drinking water (1 ppm F¯) during the period of tooth development results in a significant decrease in the incidence of dental caries. Sodium Fluoride Chewable Tablets were developed to provide systemic fluoride for use as a supplement in pediatric patients from age 3 years to age 16 years and older living in areas where the drinking water fluoride contents does not exceed 0.6 ppm F¯.</IndicationAndUsage>
<Description>This product is a prescription product for the clinical dietary management of the metabolic processes of caries prophylaxis. 7, 60 and120 Tablets per bottle and 30 count blister. Active Ingredient: Fluoride (as Sodium Fluoride) 0.25 mg / 0.5 mg / 1.0 mg. Inactive Ingredients: Xylitol, microcrystalline cellulose, malic acid, magnesium stearate, talc, citric acid, orange flavor, sucralose. Caution: Do not eat or drink dairy products within one hour of fluoride administration. Incompatibility of fluoride with dairy foods has been reported due to formation of calcium fluoride which is poorly absorbed.</Description>
</NDC>
<NDC>
<NDCCode>44946-1016-3</NDCCode>
<PackageDescription>120 TABLET, CHEWABLE in 1 BOTTLE, PLASTIC (44946-1016-3)</PackageDescription>
<NDC11Code>44946-1016-03</NDC11Code>
<ProductNDC>44946-1016</ProductNDC>
<ProductTypeName>HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG</ProductTypeName>
<ProprietaryName>Ludent</ProprietaryName>
<NonProprietaryName>Sodium Fluoride</NonProprietaryName>
<DosageFormName>TABLET, CHEWABLE</DosageFormName>
<RouteName>ORAL</RouteName>
<StartMarketingDate>20090910</StartMarketingDate>
<MarketingCategoryName>UNAPPROVED DRUG OTHER</MarketingCategoryName>
<LabelerName>Sancilio & Company Inc</LabelerName>
<SubstanceName>SODIUM FLUORIDE</SubstanceName>
<StrengthNumber>.5</StrengthNumber>
<StrengthUnit>mg/1</StrengthUnit>
<Status>Deprecated</Status>
<LastUpdate>2019-09-21</LastUpdate>
<ProductNdcExcludeFlag>E</ProductNdcExcludeFlag>
<ListingRecordCertifiedThrough>20171231</ListingRecordCertifiedThrough>
<IndicationAndUsage>For once daily self-applied systemic use as a dental caries preventive in pediatric patients. It has been established that ingestion of fluoridated drinking water (1 ppm F¯) during the period of tooth development results in a significant decrease in the incidence of dental caries. Sodium Fluoride Chewable Tablets were developed to provide systemic fluoride for use as a supplement in pediatric patients from age 3 years to age 16 years and older living in areas where the drinking water fluoride contents does not exceed 0.6 ppm F¯.</IndicationAndUsage>
<Description>This product is a prescription product for the clinical dietary management of the metabolic processes of caries prophylaxis. 7, 60 and120 Tablets per bottle and 30 count blister. Active Ingredient: Fluoride (as Sodium Fluoride) 0.25 mg / 0.5 mg / 1.0 mg. Inactive Ingredients: Xylitol, microcrystalline cellulose, malic acid, magnesium stearate, talc, citric acid, orange flavor, sucralose. Caution: Do not eat or drink dairy products within one hour of fluoride administration. Incompatibility of fluoride with dairy foods has been reported due to formation of calcium fluoride which is poorly absorbed.</Description>
</NDC>
<NDC>
<NDCCode>44946-1016-6</NDCCode>
<PackageDescription>30 TABLET, CHEWABLE in 1 BLISTER PACK (44946-1016-6)</PackageDescription>
<NDC11Code>44946-1016-06</NDC11Code>
<ProductNDC>44946-1016</ProductNDC>
<ProductTypeName>HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG</ProductTypeName>
<ProprietaryName>Ludent</ProprietaryName>
<NonProprietaryName>Sodium Fluoride</NonProprietaryName>
<DosageFormName>TABLET, CHEWABLE</DosageFormName>
<RouteName>ORAL</RouteName>
<StartMarketingDate>20090910</StartMarketingDate>
<MarketingCategoryName>UNAPPROVED DRUG OTHER</MarketingCategoryName>
<LabelerName>Sancilio & Company Inc</LabelerName>
<SubstanceName>SODIUM FLUORIDE</SubstanceName>
<StrengthNumber>.5</StrengthNumber>
<StrengthUnit>mg/1</StrengthUnit>
<Status>Deprecated</Status>
<LastUpdate>2019-09-21</LastUpdate>
<ProductNdcExcludeFlag>E</ProductNdcExcludeFlag>
<ListingRecordCertifiedThrough>20171231</ListingRecordCertifiedThrough>
<IndicationAndUsage>For once daily self-applied systemic use as a dental caries preventive in pediatric patients. It has been established that ingestion of fluoridated drinking water (1 ppm F¯) during the period of tooth development results in a significant decrease in the incidence of dental caries. Sodium Fluoride Chewable Tablets were developed to provide systemic fluoride for use as a supplement in pediatric patients from age 3 years to age 16 years and older living in areas where the drinking water fluoride contents does not exceed 0.6 ppm F¯.</IndicationAndUsage>
<Description>This product is a prescription product for the clinical dietary management of the metabolic processes of caries prophylaxis. 7, 60 and120 Tablets per bottle and 30 count blister. Active Ingredient: Fluoride (as Sodium Fluoride) 0.25 mg / 0.5 mg / 1.0 mg. Inactive Ingredients: Xylitol, microcrystalline cellulose, malic acid, magnesium stearate, talc, citric acid, orange flavor, sucralose. Caution: Do not eat or drink dairy products within one hour of fluoride administration. Incompatibility of fluoride with dairy foods has been reported due to formation of calcium fluoride which is poorly absorbed.</Description>
</NDC>
<NDC>
<NDCCode>44946-1016-7</NDCCode>
<PackageDescription>7 TABLET, CHEWABLE in 1 BOTTLE, PLASTIC (44946-1016-7)</PackageDescription>
<NDC11Code>44946-1016-07</NDC11Code>
<ProductNDC>44946-1016</ProductNDC>
<ProductTypeName>HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG</ProductTypeName>
<ProprietaryName>Ludent</ProprietaryName>
<NonProprietaryName>Sodium Fluoride</NonProprietaryName>
<DosageFormName>TABLET, CHEWABLE</DosageFormName>
<RouteName>ORAL</RouteName>
<StartMarketingDate>20090910</StartMarketingDate>
<MarketingCategoryName>UNAPPROVED DRUG OTHER</MarketingCategoryName>
<LabelerName>Sancilio & Company Inc</LabelerName>
<SubstanceName>SODIUM FLUORIDE</SubstanceName>
<StrengthNumber>.5</StrengthNumber>
<StrengthUnit>mg/1</StrengthUnit>
<Status>Deprecated</Status>
<LastUpdate>2019-09-21</LastUpdate>
<ProductNdcExcludeFlag>E</ProductNdcExcludeFlag>
<ListingRecordCertifiedThrough>20171231</ListingRecordCertifiedThrough>
<IndicationAndUsage>For once daily self-applied systemic use as a dental caries preventive in pediatric patients. It has been established that ingestion of fluoridated drinking water (1 ppm F¯) during the period of tooth development results in a significant decrease in the incidence of dental caries. Sodium Fluoride Chewable Tablets were developed to provide systemic fluoride for use as a supplement in pediatric patients from age 3 years to age 16 years and older living in areas where the drinking water fluoride contents does not exceed 0.6 ppm F¯.</IndicationAndUsage>
<Description>This product is a prescription product for the clinical dietary management of the metabolic processes of caries prophylaxis. 7, 60 and120 Tablets per bottle and 30 count blister. Active Ingredient: Fluoride (as Sodium Fluoride) 0.25 mg / 0.5 mg / 1.0 mg. Inactive Ingredients: Xylitol, microcrystalline cellulose, malic acid, magnesium stearate, talc, citric acid, orange flavor, sucralose. Caution: Do not eat or drink dairy products within one hour of fluoride administration. Incompatibility of fluoride with dairy foods has been reported due to formation of calcium fluoride which is poorly absorbed.</Description>
</NDC>
<NDC>
<NDCCode>44946-1017-2</NDCCode>
<PackageDescription>60 TABLET, CHEWABLE in 1 BOTTLE, PLASTIC (44946-1017-2)</PackageDescription>
<NDC11Code>44946-1017-02</NDC11Code>
<ProductNDC>44946-1017</ProductNDC>
<ProductTypeName>HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG</ProductTypeName>
<ProprietaryName>Ludent</ProprietaryName>
<NonProprietaryName>Sodium Fluoride</NonProprietaryName>
<DosageFormName>TABLET, CHEWABLE</DosageFormName>
<RouteName>ORAL</RouteName>
<StartMarketingDate>20090910</StartMarketingDate>
<MarketingCategoryName>UNAPPROVED DRUG OTHER</MarketingCategoryName>
<LabelerName>Sancilio & Company Inc</LabelerName>
<SubstanceName>SODIUM FLUORIDE</SubstanceName>
<StrengthNumber>1</StrengthNumber>
<StrengthUnit>mg/1</StrengthUnit>
<Status>Deprecated</Status>
<LastUpdate>2019-09-21</LastUpdate>
<ProductNdcExcludeFlag>E</ProductNdcExcludeFlag>
<ListingRecordCertifiedThrough>20171231</ListingRecordCertifiedThrough>
<IndicationAndUsage>For once daily self-applied systemic use as a dental caries preventive in pediatric patients. It has been established that ingestion of fluoridated drinking water (1 ppm F¯) during the period of tooth development results in a significant decrease in the incidence of dental caries. Sodium Fluoride Chewable Tablets were developed to provide systemic fluoride for use as a supplement in pediatric patients from age 3 years to age 16 years and older living in areas where the drinking water fluoride contents does not exceed 0.6 ppm F¯.</IndicationAndUsage>
<Description>This product is a prescription product for the clinical dietary management of the metabolic processes of caries prophylaxis. 7, 60 and120 Tablets per bottle and 30 count blister. Active Ingredient: Fluoride (as Sodium Fluoride) 0.25 mg / 0.5 mg / 1.0 mg. Inactive Ingredients: Xylitol, microcrystalline cellulose, malic acid, magnesium stearate, talc, citric acid, orange flavor, sucralose. Caution: Do not eat or drink dairy products within one hour of fluoride administration. Incompatibility of fluoride with dairy foods has been reported due to formation of calcium fluoride which is poorly absorbed.</Description>
</NDC>
<NDC>
<NDCCode>44946-1017-3</NDCCode>
<PackageDescription>120 TABLET, CHEWABLE in 1 BOTTLE, PLASTIC (44946-1017-3)</PackageDescription>
<NDC11Code>44946-1017-03</NDC11Code>
<ProductNDC>44946-1017</ProductNDC>
<ProductTypeName>HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG</ProductTypeName>
<ProprietaryName>Ludent</ProprietaryName>
<NonProprietaryName>Sodium Fluoride</NonProprietaryName>
<DosageFormName>TABLET, CHEWABLE</DosageFormName>
<RouteName>ORAL</RouteName>
<StartMarketingDate>20090910</StartMarketingDate>
<MarketingCategoryName>UNAPPROVED DRUG OTHER</MarketingCategoryName>
<LabelerName>Sancilio & Company Inc</LabelerName>
<SubstanceName>SODIUM FLUORIDE</SubstanceName>
<StrengthNumber>1</StrengthNumber>
<StrengthUnit>mg/1</StrengthUnit>
<Status>Deprecated</Status>
<LastUpdate>2019-09-21</LastUpdate>
<ProductNdcExcludeFlag>E</ProductNdcExcludeFlag>
<ListingRecordCertifiedThrough>20171231</ListingRecordCertifiedThrough>
<IndicationAndUsage>For once daily self-applied systemic use as a dental caries preventive in pediatric patients. It has been established that ingestion of fluoridated drinking water (1 ppm F¯) during the period of tooth development results in a significant decrease in the incidence of dental caries. Sodium Fluoride Chewable Tablets were developed to provide systemic fluoride for use as a supplement in pediatric patients from age 3 years to age 16 years and older living in areas where the drinking water fluoride contents does not exceed 0.6 ppm F¯.</IndicationAndUsage>
<Description>This product is a prescription product for the clinical dietary management of the metabolic processes of caries prophylaxis. 7, 60 and120 Tablets per bottle and 30 count blister. Active Ingredient: Fluoride (as Sodium Fluoride) 0.25 mg / 0.5 mg / 1.0 mg. Inactive Ingredients: Xylitol, microcrystalline cellulose, malic acid, magnesium stearate, talc, citric acid, orange flavor, sucralose. Caution: Do not eat or drink dairy products within one hour of fluoride administration. Incompatibility of fluoride with dairy foods has been reported due to formation of calcium fluoride which is poorly absorbed.</Description>
</NDC>
<NDC>
<NDCCode>44946-1017-6</NDCCode>
<PackageDescription>30 TABLET, CHEWABLE in 1 BLISTER PACK (44946-1017-6)</PackageDescription>
<NDC11Code>44946-1017-06</NDC11Code>
<ProductNDC>44946-1017</ProductNDC>
<ProductTypeName>HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG</ProductTypeName>
<ProprietaryName>Ludent</ProprietaryName>
<NonProprietaryName>Sodium Fluoride</NonProprietaryName>
<DosageFormName>TABLET, CHEWABLE</DosageFormName>
<RouteName>ORAL</RouteName>
<StartMarketingDate>20090910</StartMarketingDate>
<MarketingCategoryName>UNAPPROVED DRUG OTHER</MarketingCategoryName>
<LabelerName>Sancilio & Company Inc</LabelerName>
<SubstanceName>SODIUM FLUORIDE</SubstanceName>
<StrengthNumber>1</StrengthNumber>
<StrengthUnit>mg/1</StrengthUnit>
<Status>Deprecated</Status>
<LastUpdate>2019-09-21</LastUpdate>
<ProductNdcExcludeFlag>E</ProductNdcExcludeFlag>
<ListingRecordCertifiedThrough>20171231</ListingRecordCertifiedThrough>
<IndicationAndUsage>For once daily self-applied systemic use as a dental caries preventive in pediatric patients. It has been established that ingestion of fluoridated drinking water (1 ppm F¯) during the period of tooth development results in a significant decrease in the incidence of dental caries. Sodium Fluoride Chewable Tablets were developed to provide systemic fluoride for use as a supplement in pediatric patients from age 3 years to age 16 years and older living in areas where the drinking water fluoride contents does not exceed 0.6 ppm F¯.</IndicationAndUsage>
<Description>This product is a prescription product for the clinical dietary management of the metabolic processes of caries prophylaxis. 7, 60 and120 Tablets per bottle and 30 count blister. Active Ingredient: Fluoride (as Sodium Fluoride) 0.25 mg / 0.5 mg / 1.0 mg. Inactive Ingredients: Xylitol, microcrystalline cellulose, malic acid, magnesium stearate, talc, citric acid, orange flavor, sucralose. Caution: Do not eat or drink dairy products within one hour of fluoride administration. Incompatibility of fluoride with dairy foods has been reported due to formation of calcium fluoride which is poorly absorbed.</Description>
</NDC>
<NDC>
<NDCCode>0074-1050-01</NDCCode>
<PackageDescription>1 SYRINGE in 1 CARTON (0074-1050-01) / 1 mL in 1 SYRINGE</PackageDescription>
<NDC11Code>00074-1050-01</NDC11Code>
<ProductNDC>0074-1050</ProductNDC>
<ProductTypeName>HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG</ProductTypeName>
<ProprietaryName>Skyrizi</ProprietaryName>
<NonProprietaryName>Risankizumab-rzaa</NonProprietaryName>
<DosageFormName>INJECTION</DosageFormName>
<RouteName>SUBCUTANEOUS</RouteName>
<StartMarketingDate>20210426</StartMarketingDate>
<MarketingCategoryName>BLA</MarketingCategoryName>
<ApplicationNumber>BLA761105</ApplicationNumber>
<LabelerName>AbbVie Inc.</LabelerName>
<SubstanceName>RISANKIZUMAB</SubstanceName>
<StrengthNumber>150</StrengthNumber>
<StrengthUnit>mg/mL</StrengthUnit>
<Pharm_Classes>Interleukin-23 Antagonist [EPC], Interleukin-23 Antagonists [MoA]</Pharm_Classes>
<Status>Active</Status>
<LastUpdate>2026-07-31</LastUpdate>
<PackageNdcExcludeFlag>N</PackageNdcExcludeFlag>
<ProductNdcExcludeFlag>N</ProductNdcExcludeFlag>
<ListingRecordCertifiedThrough>20271231</ListingRecordCertifiedThrough>
<StartMarketingDatePackage>20210426</StartMarketingDatePackage>
<SamplePackage>N</SamplePackage>
<IndicationAndUsage>SKYRIZI is an interleukin-23 antagonist indicated for the treatment of: 1 moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis in adults and pediatric patients 6 years of age and older who are candidates for systemic therapy or phototherapy. (1.1) , 2 active psoriatic arthritis in adults and pediatric patients 6 years of age and older. (1.2), 3 moderately to severely active Crohn's disease in adults. (1.3), 4 moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis in adults. (1.4).</IndicationAndUsage>
<Description>Risankizumab-rzaa, an interleukin-23 (IL-23) antagonist, is a humanized immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) monoclonal antibody. Risankizumab-rzaa is produced by recombinant DNA technology in Chinese hamster ovary cells and has an approximate molecular weight of 149 kDa. SKYRIZI (risankizumab-rzaa) injection 55 mg/0.37 mL prefilled syringe for subcutaneous use. Each SKYRIZI prefilled syringe contains a sterile, preservative-free, colorless to yellow, and clear to slightly opalescent solution. Each syringe delivers 55 mg of risankizumab-rzaa and the inactive ingredients glacial acetic acid (0.02 mg), polysorbate 20 (0.07 mg), sodium acetate (0.28 mg), trehalose (23.4 mg), and Water for Injection, USP. The pH is 5.7. SKYRIZI (risankizumab-rzaa) injection 90 mg/mL prefilled syringe for subcutaneous use. Each SKYRIZI prefilled syringe contains a sterile, preservative-free, colorless to slightly yellow, and clear to slightly opalescent solution. Each syringe delivers 90 mg of risankizumab-rzaa, and inactive ingredients polysorbate 20 (0.2 mg), sodium succinate (0.63 mg), sorbitol (41 mg), succinic acid (0.059 mg), and Water for Injection, USP. The pH is 6.2. SKYRIZI (risankizumab-rzaa) injection 150 mg/mL prefilled syringe or prefilled pen for subcutaneous use. Each SKYRIZI prefilled pen or prefilled syringe contains a sterile, preservative-free, colorless to yellow, and clear to slightly opalescent solution. Each syringe and pen delivers 150 mg of risankizumab-rzaa and the inactive ingredients glacial acetic acid (0.054 mg), polysorbate 20 (0.2 mg), sodium acetate (0.75 mg), trehalose (63.33 mg), and Water for Injection, USP. The pH is 5.7. SKYRIZI (risankizumab-rzaa) injection 180 mg/1.2 mL prefilled syringe for subcutaneous use. Each SKYRIZI prefilled syringe contains a sterile, preservative-free, colorless to yellow, and clear to slightly opalescent solution. Each syringe delivers 180 mg of risankizumab-rzaa, and inactive ingredients glacial acetic acid (0.065 mg), polysorbate 20 (0.24 mg), sodium acetate (0.898 mg), trehalose (76 mg), and Water for Injection, USP. The pH is 5.7. SKYRIZI (risankizumab-rzaa) injection 180 mg/1.2mL (150 mg/mL) prefilled cartridge for use with supplied on-body-injector for subcutaneous use. Each SKYRIZI prefilled cartridge contains a sterile, preservative-free, colorless to yellow, and clear to slightly opalescent solution. Each cartridge delivers 180 mg of risankizumab-rzaa, and the inactive ingredients glacial acetic acid (0.065 mg), polysorbate 20 (0.24 mg), sodium acetate (0.9 mg), trehalose (76 mg), and Water for Injection, USP. The pH is 5.7. SKYRIZI (risankizumab-rzaa) injection 360 mg/2.4 mL (150 mg/mL) prefilled cartridge for use with the supplied on-body injector for subcutaneous use. Each SKYRIZI prefilled cartridge contains a sterile, preservative-free, colorless to yellow, and clear to slightly opalescent solution. Each cartridge delivers 360 mg of risankizumab-rzaa, and the inactive ingredients glacial acetic acid (0.13 mg), polysorbate 20 (0.48 mg), sodium acetate (1.8 mg), trehalose (152 mg), and Water for Injection, USP. The pH is 5.7. SKYRIZI 600 mg/10 mL (60 mg/mL) in a vial for intravenous infusion. SKYRIZI (risankizumab-rzaa) injection 600 mg/10 mL (60 mg/mL) is a sterile, preservative-free, colorless to slightly yellow, and clear to slightly opalescent solution in a 10 mL single-dose vial. Each 10 mL single-dose vial contains 600 mg of risankizumab-rzaa, and the inactive ingredients glacial acetic acid (0.54 mg), polysorbate 20 (2 mg), sodium acetate (7.5 mg), trehalose (633.3 mg), and Water for Injection, USP. The pH is 5.7.</Description>
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<IndicationAndUsage>SKYRIZI is an interleukin-23 antagonist indicated for the treatment of: 1 moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis in adults and pediatric patients 6 years of age and older who are candidates for systemic therapy or phototherapy. (1.1) , 2 active psoriatic arthritis in adults and pediatric patients 6 years of age and older. (1.2), 3 moderately to severely active Crohn's disease in adults. (1.3), 4 moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis in adults. (1.4).</IndicationAndUsage>
<Description>Risankizumab-rzaa, an interleukin-23 (IL-23) antagonist, is a humanized immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) monoclonal antibody. Risankizumab-rzaa is produced by recombinant DNA technology in Chinese hamster ovary cells and has an approximate molecular weight of 149 kDa. SKYRIZI (risankizumab-rzaa) injection 55 mg/0.37 mL prefilled syringe for subcutaneous use. Each SKYRIZI prefilled syringe contains a sterile, preservative-free, colorless to yellow, and clear to slightly opalescent solution. Each syringe delivers 55 mg of risankizumab-rzaa and the inactive ingredients glacial acetic acid (0.02 mg), polysorbate 20 (0.07 mg), sodium acetate (0.28 mg), trehalose (23.4 mg), and Water for Injection, USP. The pH is 5.7. SKYRIZI (risankizumab-rzaa) injection 90 mg/mL prefilled syringe for subcutaneous use. Each SKYRIZI prefilled syringe contains a sterile, preservative-free, colorless to slightly yellow, and clear to slightly opalescent solution. Each syringe delivers 90 mg of risankizumab-rzaa, and inactive ingredients polysorbate 20 (0.2 mg), sodium succinate (0.63 mg), sorbitol (41 mg), succinic acid (0.059 mg), and Water for Injection, USP. The pH is 6.2. SKYRIZI (risankizumab-rzaa) injection 150 mg/mL prefilled syringe or prefilled pen for subcutaneous use. Each SKYRIZI prefilled pen or prefilled syringe contains a sterile, preservative-free, colorless to yellow, and clear to slightly opalescent solution. Each syringe and pen delivers 150 mg of risankizumab-rzaa and the inactive ingredients glacial acetic acid (0.054 mg), polysorbate 20 (0.2 mg), sodium acetate (0.75 mg), trehalose (63.33 mg), and Water for Injection, USP. The pH is 5.7. SKYRIZI (risankizumab-rzaa) injection 180 mg/1.2 mL prefilled syringe for subcutaneous use. Each SKYRIZI prefilled syringe contains a sterile, preservative-free, colorless to yellow, and clear to slightly opalescent solution. Each syringe delivers 180 mg of risankizumab-rzaa, and inactive ingredients glacial acetic acid (0.065 mg), polysorbate 20 (0.24 mg), sodium acetate (0.898 mg), trehalose (76 mg), and Water for Injection, USP. The pH is 5.7. SKYRIZI (risankizumab-rzaa) injection 180 mg/1.2mL (150 mg/mL) prefilled cartridge for use with supplied on-body-injector for subcutaneous use. Each SKYRIZI prefilled cartridge contains a sterile, preservative-free, colorless to yellow, and clear to slightly opalescent solution. Each cartridge delivers 180 mg of risankizumab-rzaa, and the inactive ingredients glacial acetic acid (0.065 mg), polysorbate 20 (0.24 mg), sodium acetate (0.9 mg), trehalose (76 mg), and Water for Injection, USP. The pH is 5.7. SKYRIZI (risankizumab-rzaa) injection 360 mg/2.4 mL (150 mg/mL) prefilled cartridge for use with the supplied on-body injector for subcutaneous use. Each SKYRIZI prefilled cartridge contains a sterile, preservative-free, colorless to yellow, and clear to slightly opalescent solution. Each cartridge delivers 360 mg of risankizumab-rzaa, and the inactive ingredients glacial acetic acid (0.13 mg), polysorbate 20 (0.48 mg), sodium acetate (1.8 mg), trehalose (152 mg), and Water for Injection, USP. The pH is 5.7. SKYRIZI 600 mg/10 mL (60 mg/mL) in a vial for intravenous infusion. SKYRIZI (risankizumab-rzaa) injection 600 mg/10 mL (60 mg/mL) is a sterile, preservative-free, colorless to slightly yellow, and clear to slightly opalescent solution in a 10 mL single-dose vial. Each 10 mL single-dose vial contains 600 mg of risankizumab-rzaa, and the inactive ingredients glacial acetic acid (0.54 mg), polysorbate 20 (2 mg), sodium acetate (7.5 mg), trehalose (633.3 mg), and Water for Injection, USP. The pH is 5.7.</Description>
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<IndicationAndUsage>ULTANE is indicated for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia in adult and pediatric patients for inpatient and outpatient surgery. ULTANE should be administered only by persons trained in the administration of general anesthesia. Facilities for maintenance of a patent airway, artificial ventilation, oxygen enrichment, and circulatory resuscitation must be immediately available. Since level of anesthesia may be altered rapidly, only vaporizers producing predictable concentrations of sevoflurane should be used.</IndicationAndUsage>
<Description>ULTANE (sevoflurane), volatile liquid for inhalation, a nonflammable and nonexplosive liquid administered by vaporization, is a halogenated general inhalation anesthetic drug. Sevoflurane is fluoromethyl 2,2,2,-trifluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl) ethyl ether and its structural formula is:. Sevoflurane is nonflammable and nonexplosive as defined by the requirements of International Electrotechnical Commission 601-2-13. Sevoflurane is a clear, colorless, liquid containing no additives. Sevoflurane is not corrosive to stainless steel, brass, aluminum, nickel-plated brass, chrome-plated brass or copper beryllium. Sevoflurane is nonpungent. It is miscible with ethanol, ether, chloroform, and benzene, and it is slightly soluble in water. Sevoflurane is stable when stored under normal room lighting conditions according to instructions. No discernible degradation of sevoflurane occurs in the presence of strong acids or heat. When in contact with alkaline CO2 absorbents (e.g., Baralyme® and to a lesser extent soda lime) within the anesthesia machine, sevoflurane can undergo degradation under certain conditions. Degradation of sevoflurane is minimal, and degradants are either undetectable or present in non-toxic amounts when used as directed with fresh absorbents. Sevoflurane degradation and subsequent degradant formation are enhanced by increasing absorbent temperature increased sevoflurane concentration, decreased fresh gas flow and desiccated CO2 absorbents (especially with potassium hydroxide containing absorbents e.g., Baralyme). Sevoflurane alkaline degradation occurs by two pathways. The first results from the loss of hydrogen fluoride with the formation of pentafluoroisopropenyl fluoromethyl ether, (PIFE, C4H2F6O), also known as Compound A, and trace amounts of pentafluoromethoxy isopropyl fluoromethyl ether, (PMFE, C5H6F6O), also known as Compound B. The second pathway for degradation of sevoflurane, which occurs primarily in the presence of desiccated CO2 absorbents, is discussed later. In the first pathway, the defluorination pathway, the production of degradants in the anesthesia circuit results from the extraction of the acidic proton in the presence of a strong base (KOH and/or NaOH) forming an alkene (Compound A) from sevoflurane similar to formation of 2-bromo-2-chloro-1,1-difluoro ethylene (BCDFE) from halothane. Laboratory simulations have shown that the concentration of these degradants is inversely correlated with the fresh gas flow rate (See Figure 1). Since the reaction of carbon dioxide with absorbents is exothermic, the temperature increase will be determined by quantities of CO2 absorbed, which in turn will depend on fresh gas flow in the anesthesia circle system, metabolic status of the patient, and ventilation. The relationship of temperature produced by varying levels of CO2 and Compound A production is illustrated in the following in vitro simulation where CO2 was added to a circle absorber system. Compound A concentration in a circle absorber system increases as a function of increasing CO2 absorbent temperature and composition (Baralyme producing higher levels than soda lime), increased body temperature, and increased minute ventilation, and decreasing fresh gas flow rates. It has been reported that the concentration of Compound A increases significantly with prolonged dehydration of Baralyme. Compound A exposure in patients also has been shown to rise with increased sevoflurane concentrations and duration of anesthesia. In a clinical study in which sevoflurane was administered to patients under low flow conditions for ≥ 2 hours at flow rates of 1 Liter/minute, Compound A levels were measured in an effort to determine the relationship between MAC hours and Compound A levels produced. The relationship between Compound A levels and sevoflurane exposure are shown in Figure 2a. Compound A has been shown to be nephrotoxic in rats after exposures that have varied in duration from one to three hours. No histopathologic change was seen at a concentration of up to 270 ppm for one hour. Sporadic single cell necrosis of proximal tubule cells has been reported at a concentration of 114 ppm after a 3-hour exposure to Compound A in rats. The LC50 reported at 1 hour is 1050-1090 ppm (male-female) and, at 3 hours, 350-490 ppm (male-female). An experiment was performed comparing sevoflurane plus 75 or 100 ppm Compound A with an active control to evaluate the potential nephrotoxicity of Compound A in non-human primates. A single 8-hour exposure of Sevoflurane in the presence of Compound A produced single-cell renal tubular degeneration and single-cell necrosis in cynomolgus monkeys. These changes are consistent with the increased urinary protein, glucose level and enzymic activity noted on days one and three on the clinical pathology evaluation. This nephrotoxicity produced by Compound A is dose and duration of exposure dependent. At a fresh gas flow rate of 1 L/min, mean maximum concentrations of Compound A in the anesthesia circuit in clinical settings are approximately 20 ppm (0.002%) with soda lime and 30 ppm (0.003%) with Baralyme in adult patients; mean maximum concentrations in pediatric patients with soda lime are about half those found in adults. The highest concentration observed in a single patient with Baralyme was 61 ppm (0.0061%) and 32 ppm (0.0032%) with soda lime. The levels of Compound A at which toxicity occurs in humans is not known. The second pathway for degradation of sevoflurane occurs primarily in the presence of desiccated CO2 absorbents and leads to the dissociation of sevoflurane into hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) and formaldehyde. HFIP is inactive, non-genotoxic, rapidly glucuronidated and cleared by the liver. Formaldehyde is present during normal metabolic processes. Upon exposure to a highly desiccated absorbent, formaldehyde can further degrade into methanol and formate. Formate can contribute to the formation of carbon monoxide in the presence of high temperature that can be associated with desiccated Baralyme®. Methanol can react with Compound A to form the methoxy addition product Compound B. Compound B can undergo further HF elimination to form Compounds C, D, and E. Sevoflurane degradants were observed in the respiratory circuit of an experimental anesthesia machine using desiccated CO2 absorbents and maximum sevoflurane concentrations (8%) for extended periods of time (> 2 hours). Concentrations of formaldehyde observed with desiccated soda lime in this experimental anesthesia respiratory circuit were consistent with levels that could potentially result in respiratory irritation. Although KOH containing CO2 absorbents are no longer commercially available, in the laboratory experiments, exposure of sevoflurane to the desiccated KOH containing CO2 absorbent, Baralyme, resulted in the detection of substantially greater degradant levels.</Description>
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<IndicationAndUsage>ULTANE is indicated for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia in adult and pediatric patients for inpatient and outpatient surgery. ULTANE should be administered only by persons trained in the administration of general anesthesia. Facilities for maintenance of a patent airway, artificial ventilation, oxygen enrichment, and circulatory resuscitation must be immediately available. Since level of anesthesia may be altered rapidly, only vaporizers producing predictable concentrations of sevoflurane should be used.</IndicationAndUsage>
<Description>ULTANE (sevoflurane), volatile liquid for inhalation, a nonflammable and nonexplosive liquid administered by vaporization, is a halogenated general inhalation anesthetic drug. Sevoflurane is fluoromethyl 2,2,2,-trifluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl) ethyl ether and its structural formula is:. Sevoflurane is nonflammable and nonexplosive as defined by the requirements of International Electrotechnical Commission 601-2-13. Sevoflurane is a clear, colorless, liquid containing no additives. Sevoflurane is not corrosive to stainless steel, brass, aluminum, nickel-plated brass, chrome-plated brass or copper beryllium. Sevoflurane is nonpungent. It is miscible with ethanol, ether, chloroform, and benzene, and it is slightly soluble in water. Sevoflurane is stable when stored under normal room lighting conditions according to instructions. No discernible degradation of sevoflurane occurs in the presence of strong acids or heat. When in contact with alkaline CO2 absorbents (e.g., Baralyme® and to a lesser extent soda lime) within the anesthesia machine, sevoflurane can undergo degradation under certain conditions. Degradation of sevoflurane is minimal, and degradants are either undetectable or present in non-toxic amounts when used as directed with fresh absorbents. Sevoflurane degradation and subsequent degradant formation are enhanced by increasing absorbent temperature increased sevoflurane concentration, decreased fresh gas flow and desiccated CO2 absorbents (especially with potassium hydroxide containing absorbents e.g., Baralyme). Sevoflurane alkaline degradation occurs by two pathways. The first results from the loss of hydrogen fluoride with the formation of pentafluoroisopropenyl fluoromethyl ether, (PIFE, C4H2F6O), also known as Compound A, and trace amounts of pentafluoromethoxy isopropyl fluoromethyl ether, (PMFE, C5H6F6O), also known as Compound B. The second pathway for degradation of sevoflurane, which occurs primarily in the presence of desiccated CO2 absorbents, is discussed later. In the first pathway, the defluorination pathway, the production of degradants in the anesthesia circuit results from the extraction of the acidic proton in the presence of a strong base (KOH and/or NaOH) forming an alkene (Compound A) from sevoflurane similar to formation of 2-bromo-2-chloro-1,1-difluoro ethylene (BCDFE) from halothane. Laboratory simulations have shown that the concentration of these degradants is inversely correlated with the fresh gas flow rate (See Figure 1). Figure 1. Fresh Gas Flow Rate versus Compound A Levels in a Circle Absorber System. Since the reaction of carbon dioxide with absorbents is exothermic, the temperature increase will be determined by quantities of CO2 absorbed, which in turn will depend on fresh gas flow in the anesthesia circle system, metabolic status of the patient, and ventilation. The relationship of temperature produced by varying levels of CO2 and Compound A production is illustrated in the following in vitro simulation where CO2 was added to a circle absorber system. Figure 2. Carbon Dioxide Flow versus Compound A and Maximum Temperature. Compound A concentration in a circle absorber system increases as a function of increasing CO2 absorbent temperature and composition (Baralyme producing higher levels than soda lime), increased body temperature, and increased minute ventilation, and decreasing fresh gas flow rates. It has been reported that the concentration of Compound A increases significantly with prolonged dehydration of Baralyme. Compound A exposure in patients also has been shown to rise with increased sevoflurane concentrations and duration of anesthesia. In a clinical study in which sevoflurane was administered to patients under low flow conditions for ≥ 2 hours at flow rates of 1 Liter/minute, Compound A levels were measured in an effort to determine the relationship between MAC hours and Compound A levels produced. The relationship between Compound A levels and sevoflurane exposure are shown in Figure 2a. Figure 2a. ppm·hr versus MAC·hr at Flow Rate of 1 L/min. Compound A has been shown to be nephrotoxic in rats after exposures that have varied in duration from one to three hours. No histopathologic change was seen at a concentration of up to 270 ppm for one hour. Sporadic single cell necrosis of proximal tubule cells has been reported at a concentration of 114 ppm after a 3-hour exposure to Compound A in rats. The LC50 reported at 1 hour is 1050-1090 ppm (male-female) and, at 3 hours, 350-490 ppm (male-female). An experiment was performed comparing sevoflurane plus 75 or 100 ppm Compound A with an active control to evaluate the potential nephrotoxicity of Compound A in non-human primates. A single 8-hour exposure of Sevoflurane in the presence of Compound A produced single-cell renal tubular degeneration and single-cell necrosis in cynomolgus monkeys. These changes are consistent with the increased urinary protein, glucose level and enzymic activity noted on days one and three on the clinical pathology evaluation. This nephrotoxicity produced by Compound A is dose and duration of exposure dependent. At a fresh gas flow rate of 1 L/min, mean maximum concentrations of Compound A in the anesthesia circuit in clinical settings are approximately 20 ppm (0.002%) with soda lime and 30 ppm (0.003%) with Baralyme in adult patients; mean maximum concentrations in pediatric patients with soda lime are about half those found in adults. The highest concentration observed in a single patient with Baralyme was 61 ppm (0.0061%) and 32 ppm (0.0032%) with soda lime. The levels of Compound A at which toxicity occurs in humans is not known. The second pathway for degradation of sevoflurane occurs primarily in the presence of desiccated CO2 absorbents and leads to the dissociation of sevoflurane into hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) and formaldehyde. HFIP is inactive, non-genotoxic, rapidly glucuronidated and cleared by the liver. Formaldehyde is present during normal metabolic processes. Upon exposure to a highly desiccated absorbent, formaldehyde can further degrade into methanol and formate. Formate can contribute to the formation of carbon monoxide in the presence of high temperature that can be associated with desiccated Baralyme®. Methanol can react with Compound A to form the methoxy addition product Compound B. Compound B can undergo further HF elimination to form Compounds C, D, and E. Sevoflurane degradants were observed in the respiratory circuit of an experimental anesthesia machine using desiccated CO2 absorbents and maximum sevoflurane concentrations (8%) for extended periods of time (> 2 hours). Concentrations of formaldehyde observed with desiccated soda lime in this experimental anesthesia respiratory circuit were consistent with levels that could potentially result in respiratory irritation. Although KOH containing CO2 absorbents are no longer commercially available, in the laboratory experiments, exposure of sevoflurane to the desiccated KOH containing CO2 absorbent, Baralyme, resulted in the detection of substantially greater degradant levels.</Description>
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<Description>Sevoflurane USP, volatile liquid for inhalation, a nonflammable and nonexplosive liquid administered by vaporization, is a halogenated general inhalation anesthetic drug. Sevoflurane is fluoromethyl 2,2,2,-trifluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl) ethyl ether and its structural formula is. Sevoflurane is nonflammable and nonexplosive as defined by the requirements of International Electrotechnical Commission 601-2-13. Sevoflurane is a clear, colorless, liquid containing no additives. Sevoflurane is not corrosive to stainless steel, brass, aluminum, nickel-plated brass, chrome-plated brass or copper beryllium. Sevoflurane is nonpungent. It is miscible with ethanol, ether, chloroform, and benzene, and it is slightly soluble in water. Sevoflurane is stable when stored under normal room lighting conditions according to instructions. No discernible degradation of sevoflurane occurs in the presence of strong acids or heat. When in contact with alkaline CO2 absorbents (e.g., Baralyme® and to a lesser extent soda lime) within the anesthesia machine, sevoflurane can undergo degradation under certain conditions. Degradation of sevoflurane is minimal, and degradants are either undetectable or present in non-toxic amounts when used as directed with fresh absorbents. Sevoflurane degradation and subsequent degradant formation are enhanced by increasing absorbent temperature increased sevoflurane concentration, decreased fresh gas flow and desiccated CO2 absorbents (especially with potassium hydroxide containing absorbents e.g., Baralyme). Sevoflurane alkaline degradation occurs by two pathways. The first results from the loss of hydrogen fluoride with the formation of pentafluoroisopropenyl fluoromethyl ether, (PIFE, C4H2F6O), also known as Compound A, and trace amounts of pentafluoromethoxy isopropyl fluoromethyl ether, (PMFE, C5H6F6O), also known as Compound B. The second pathway for degradation of sevoflurane, which occurs primarily in the presence of desiccated CO2 absorbents, is discussed later. In the first pathway, the defluorination pathway, the production of degradants in the anesthesia circuit results from the extraction of the acidic proton in the presence of a strong base (KOH and/or NaOH) forming an alkene (Compound A) from sevoflurane similar to formation of 2-bromo-2-chloro-1,1-difluoro ethylene (BCDFE) from halothane. Laboratory simulations have shown that the concentration of these degradants is inversely correlated with the fresh gas flow rate (See Figure 1). Figure 1. Fresh Gas Flow Rate versus Compound A Levels in a Circle Absorber System. Since the reaction of carbon dioxide with absorbents is exothermic, the temperature increase will be determined by quantities of CO2 absorbed, which in turn will depend on fresh gas flow in the anesthesia circle system, metabolic status of the patient, and ventilation. The relationship of temperature produced by varying levels of CO2 and Compound A production is illustrated in the following in vitro simulation where CO2 was added to a circle absorber system. Figure 2. Carbon Dioxide Flow versus Compound A and Maximum Temperature. Compound A concentration in a circle absorber system increases as a function of increasing CO2 absorbent temperature and composition (Baralyme producing higher levels than soda lime), increased body temperature, and increased minute ventilation, and decreasing fresh gas flow rates. It has been reported that the concentration of Compound A increases significantly with prolonged dehydration of Baralyme. Compound A exposure in patients also has been shown to rise with increased sevoflurane concentrations and duration of anesthesia. In a clinical study in which sevoflurane was administered to patients under low flow conditions for ≥ 2 hours at flow rates of 1 Liter/minute, Compound A levels were measured in an effort to determine the relationship between MAC hours and Compound A levels produced. The relationship between Compound A levels and sevoflurane exposure are shown in Figure 2a. Figure 2a. ppm·hr versus MAC·hr at Flow Rate of 1 L/min. Compound A has been shown to be nephrotoxic in rats after exposures that have varied in duration from one to three hours. No histopathologic change was seen at a concentration of up to 270 ppm for one hour. Sporadic single cell necrosis of proximal tubule cells has been reported at a concentration of 114 ppm after a 3-hour exposure to Compound A in rats. The LC50 reported at 1 hour is 1050-1090 ppm (male-female) and, at 3 hours, 350-490 ppm (male-female). An experiment was performed comparing sevoflurane plus 75 or 100 ppm Compound A with an active control to evaluate the potential nephrotoxicity of Compound A in non-human primates. A single 8-hour exposure of Sevoflurane in the presence of Compound A produced single-cell renal tubular degeneration and single-cell necrosis in cynomolgus monkeys. These changes are consistent with the increased urinary protein, glucose level and enzymic activity noted on days one and three on the clinical pathology evaluation. This nephrotoxicity produced by Compound A is dose and duration of exposure dependent. At a fresh gas flow rate of 1 L/min, mean maximum concentrations of Compound A in the anesthesia circuit in clinical settings are approximately 20 ppm (0.002%) with soda lime and 30 ppm (0.003%) with Baralyme in adult patients; mean maximum concentrations in pediatric patients with soda lime are about half those found in adults. The highest concentration observed in a single patient with Baralyme was 61 ppm (0.0061%) and 32 ppm (0.0032%) with soda lime. The levels of Compound A at which toxicity occurs in humans is not known. The second pathway for degradation of sevoflurane occurs primarily in the presence of desiccated CO2 absorbents and leads to the dissociation of sevoflurane into hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) and formaldehyde. HFIP is inactive, non-genotoxic, rapidly glucuronidated and cleared by the liver. Formaldehyde is present during normal metabolic processes. Upon exposure to a highly desiccated absorbent, formaldehyde can further degrade into methanol and formate. Formate can contribute to the formation of carbon monoxide in the presence of high temperature that can be associated with desiccated Baralyme®. Methanol can react with Compound A to form the methoxy addition product Compound B. Compound B can undergo further HF elimination to form Compounds C, D, and E. Sevoflurane degradants were observed in the respiratory circuit of an experimental anesthesia machine using desiccated CO2 absorbents and maximum sevoflurane concentrations (8%) for extended periods of time (> 2 hours). Concentrations of formaldehyde observed with desiccated soda lime in this experimental anesthesia respiratory circuit were consistent with levels that could potentially result in respiratory irritation. Although KOH containing CO2 absorbents are no longer commercially available, in the laboratory experiments, exposure of sevoflurane to the desiccated KOH containing CO2 absorbent, Baralyme, resulted in the detection of substantially greater degradant levels.</Description>
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<Description>Sevoflurane, USP, volatile liquid for inhalation, a nonflammable and nonexplosive liquid administered by vaporization, is a halogenated general inhalation anesthetic drug. Sevoflurane, USP is fluoromethyl 2,2,2,-trifluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl) ethyl ether and its structural formula is. Sevoflurane, USP is nonflammable and nonexplosive as defined by the requirements of International Electrotechnical Commission 601-2-13. Sevoflurane, USP is a clear, colorless, liquid containing no additives. Sevoflurane, USP is not corrosive to stainless steel, brass, aluminum, nickel-plated brass, chrome-plated brass or copper beryllium. Sevoflurane, USP is nonpungent. It is miscible with ethanol, ether, chloroform, and benzene, and it is slightly soluble in water. Sevoflurane, USP is stable when stored under normal room lighting conditions according to instructions. No discernible degradation of sevoflurane, USP occurs in the presence of strong acids or heat. When in contact with alkaline CO2 absorbents (e.g., Baralyme® and to a lesser extent soda lime) within the anesthesia machine, Sevoflurane, USP can undergo degradation under certain conditions. Degradation of sevoflurane, USP is minimal, and degradants are either undetectable or present in non-toxic amounts when used as directed with fresh absorbents. Sevoflurane, USP degradation and subsequent degradant formation are enhanced by increasing absorbent temperature increased sevoflurane, USP concentration, decreased fresh gas flow and desiccated CO2 absorbents (especially with potassium hydroxide containing absorbents e.g., Baralyme). Sevoflurane, USP alkaline degradation occurs by two pathways. The first results from the loss of hydrogen fluoride with the formation of pentafluoroisopropenyl fluoromethyl ether, (PIFE, C4H2F6O), also known as Compound A, and trace amounts of pentafluoromethoxy isopropyl fluoromethyl ether, (PMFE, C5H6F6O), also known as Compound B. The second pathway for degradation of sevoflurane, USP, which occurs primarily in the presence of desiccated CO2 absorbents, is discussed later. In the first pathway, the defluorination pathway, the production of degradants in the anesthesia circuit results from the extraction of the acidic proton in the presence of a strong base (KOH and/or NaOH) forming an alkene (Compound A) from sevoflurane, USP similar to formation of 2-bromo-2-chloro-1,1-difluoro ethylene (BCDFE) from halothane. Laboratory simulations have shown that the concentration of these degradants is inversely correlated with the fresh gas flow rate (See Figure 1). Since the reaction of carbon dioxide with absorbents is exothermic, the temperature increase will be determined by quantities of CO2 absorbed, which in turn will depend on fresh gas flow in the anesthesia circle system, metabolic status of the patient, and ventilation. The relationship of temperature produced by varying levels of CO2 and Compound A production is illustrated in the following in vitro simulation where CO2 was added to a circle absorber system. Compound A concentration in a circle absorber system increases as a function of increasing CO2 absorbent temperature and composition (Baralyme producing higher levels than soda lime), increased body temperature, and increased minute ventilation, and decreasing fresh gas flow rates. It has been reported that the concentration of Compound A increases significantly with prolonged dehydration of Baralyme. Compound A exposure in patients also has been shown to rise with increased sevoflurane, USP concentrations and duration of anesthesia. In a clinical study in which sevoflurane, USP was administered to patients under low flow conditions for ≥ 2 hours at flow rates of 1 Liter/minute, Compound A levels were measured in an effort to determine the relationship between MAC hours and Compound A levels produced. The relationship between Compound A levels and sevoflurane, USP exposure are shown in Figure 2a. Compound A has been shown to be nephrotoxic in rats after exposures that have varied in duration from one to three hours. No histopathologic change was seen at a concentration of up to 270 ppm for one hour. Sporadic single cell necrosis of proximal tubule cells has been reported at a concentration of 114 ppm after a 3-hour exposure to Compound A in rats. The LC50 reported at 1 hour is 1050-1090 ppm (male-female) and, at 3 hours, 350-490 ppm (male-female). An experiment was performed comparing sevoflurane, USP plus 75 or 100 ppm Compound A with an active control to evaluate the potential nephrotoxicity of Compound A in non-human primates. A single 8-hour exposure of Sevoflurane, USP in the presence of Compound A produced single-cell renal tubular degeneration and single-cell necrosis in cynomolgus monkeys. These changes are consistent with the increased urinary protein, glucose level and enzymic activity noted on days one and three on the clinical pathology evaluation. This nephrotoxicity produced by Compound A is dose and duration of exposure dependent. At a fresh gas flow rate of 1 L/min, mean maximum concentrations of Compound A in the anesthesia circuit in clinical settings are approximately 20 ppm (0.002%) with soda lime and 30 ppm (0.003%) with Baralyme in adult patients; mean maximum concentrations in pediatric patients with soda lime are about half those found in adults. The highest concentration observed in a single patient with Baralyme was 61 ppm (0.0061%) and 32 ppm (0.0032%) with soda lime. The levels of Compound A at which toxicity occurs in humans is not known. The second pathway for degradation of sevoflurane, USP occurs primarily in the presence of desiccated CO2 absorbents and leads to the dissociation of sevoflurane, USP into hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) and formaldehyde. HFIP is inactive, non-genotoxic, rapidly glucuronidated and cleared by the liver. Formaldehyde is present during normal metabolic processes. Upon exposure to a highly desiccated absorbent, formaldehyde can further degrade into methanol and formate. Formate can contribute to the formation of carbon monoxide in the presence of high temperature that can be associated with desiccated Baralyme®. Methanol can react with Compound A to form the methoxy addition product Compound B. Compound B can undergo further HF elimination to form Compounds C, D, and E. Sevoflurane, USP degradants were observed in the respiratory circuit of an experimental anesthesia machine using desiccated CO2 absorbents and maximum sevoflurane, USP concentrations (8%) for extended periods of time (˃ 2 hours). Concentrations of formaldehyde observed with desiccated soda lime in this experimental anesthesia respiratory circuit were consistent with levels that could potentially result in respiratory irritation. Although KOH containing CO2 absorbents are no longer commercially available, in the laboratory experiments, exposure of sevoflurane, USP to the desiccated KOH containing CO2 absorbent, Baralyme, resulted in the detection of substantially greater degradant levels.</Description>
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<Description>Sevoflurane, USP, volatile liquid for inhalation, a nonflammable and nonexplosive liquid administered by vaporization, is a halogenated general inhalation anesthetic drug. Sevoflurane, USP is fluoromethyl 2,2,2,-trifluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl) ethyl ether and its structural formula is. Sevoflurane, USP is nonflammable and nonexplosive as defined by the requirements of International Electrotechnical Commission 601-2-13. Sevoflurane, USP is a clear, colorless, liquid containing no additives. Sevoflurane, USP is not corrosive to stainless steel, brass, aluminum, nickel-plated brass, chrome-plated brass or copper beryllium. Sevoflurane, USP is nonpungent. It is miscible with ethanol, ether, chloroform, and benzene, and it is slightly soluble in water. Sevoflurane, USP is stable when stored under normal room lighting conditions according to instructions. No discernible degradation of sevoflurane, USP occurs in the presence of strong acids or heat. When in contact with alkaline CO2 absorbents (e.g., Baralyme® and to a lesser extent soda lime) within the anesthesia machine, Sevoflurane, USP can undergo degradation under certain conditions. Degradation of sevoflurane, USP is minimal, and degradants are either undetectable or present in non-toxic amounts when used as directed with fresh absorbents. Sevoflurane, USP degradation and subsequent degradant formation are enhanced by increasing absorbent temperature increased sevoflurane, USP concentration, decreased fresh gas flow and desiccated CO2 absorbents (especially with potassium hydroxide containing absorbents e.g., Baralyme). Sevoflurane, USP alkaline degradation occurs by two pathways. The first results from the loss of hydrogen fluoride with the formation of pentafluoroisopropenyl fluoromethyl ether, (PIFE, C4H2F6O), also known as Compound A, and trace amounts of pentafluoromethoxy isopropyl fluoromethyl ether, (PMFE, C5H6F6O), also known as Compound B. The second pathway for degradation of sevoflurane, USP, which occurs primarily in the presence of desiccated CO2 absorbents, is discussed later. In the first pathway, the defluorination pathway, the production of degradants in the anesthesia circuit results from the extraction of the acidic proton in the presence of a strong base (KOH and/or NaOH) forming an alkene (Compound A) from sevoflurane, USP similar to formation of 2-bromo-2-chloro-1,1-difluoro ethylene (BCDFE) from halothane. Laboratory simulations have shown that the concentration of these degradants is inversely correlated with the fresh gas flow rate (See Figure 1). Since the reaction of carbon dioxide with absorbents is exothermic, the temperature increase will be determined by quantities of CO2 absorbed, which in turn will depend on fresh gas flow in the anesthesia circle system, metabolic status of the patient, and ventilation. The relationship of temperature produced by varying levels of CO2 and Compound A production is illustrated in the following in vitro simulation where CO2 was added to a circle absorber system. Compound A concentration in a circle absorber system increases as a function of increasing CO2 absorbent temperature and composition (Baralyme producing higher levels than soda lime), increased body temperature, and increased minute ventilation, and decreasing fresh gas flow rates. It has been reported that the concentration of Compound A increases significantly with prolonged dehydration of Baralyme. Compound A exposure in patients also has been shown to rise with increased sevoflurane, USP concentrations and duration of anesthesia. In a clinical study in which sevoflurane, USP was administered to patients under low flow conditions for ≥ 2 hours at flow rates of 1 Liter/minute, Compound A levels were measured in an effort to determine the relationship between MAC hours and Compound A levels produced. The relationship between Compound A levels and sevoflurane, USP exposure are shown in Figure 2a. Compound A has been shown to be nephrotoxic in rats after exposures that have varied in duration from one to three hours. No histopathologic change was seen at a concentration of up to 270 ppm for one hour. Sporadic single cell necrosis of proximal tubule cells has been reported at a concentration of 114 ppm after a 3-hour exposure to Compound A in rats. The LC50 reported at 1 hour is 1050-1090 ppm (male-female) and, at 3 hours, 350-490 ppm (male-female). An experiment was performed comparing sevoflurane, USP plus 75 or 100 ppm Compound A with an active control to evaluate the potential nephrotoxicity of Compound A in non-human primates. A single 8-hour exposure of Sevoflurane, USP in the presence of Compound A produced single-cell renal tubular degeneration and single-cell necrosis in cynomolgus monkeys. These changes are consistent with the increased urinary protein, glucose level and enzymic activity noted on days one and three on the clinical pathology evaluation. This nephrotoxicity produced by Compound A is dose and duration of exposure dependent. At a fresh gas flow rate of 1 L/min, mean maximum concentrations of Compound A in the anesthesia circuit in clinical settings are approximately 20 ppm (0.002%) with soda lime and 30 ppm (0.003%) with Baralyme in adult patients; mean maximum concentrations in pediatric patients with soda lime are about half those found in adults. The highest concentration observed in a single patient with Baralyme was 61 ppm (0.0061%) and 32 ppm (0.0032%) with soda lime. The levels of Compound A at which toxicity occurs in humans is not known. The second pathway for degradation of sevoflurane, USP occurs primarily in the presence of desiccated CO2 absorbents and leads to the dissociation of sevoflurane, USP into hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) and formaldehyde. HFIP is inactive, non-genotoxic, rapidly glucuronidated and cleared by the liver. Formaldehyde is present during normal metabolic processes. Upon exposure to a highly desiccated absorbent, formaldehyde can further degrade into methanol and formate. Formate can contribute to the formation of carbon monoxide in the presence of high temperature that can be associated with desiccated Baralyme®. Methanol can react with Compound A to form the methoxy addition product Compound B. Compound B can undergo further HF elimination to form Compounds C, D, and E. Sevoflurane, USP degradants were observed in the respiratory circuit of an experimental anesthesia machine using desiccated CO2 absorbents and maximum sevoflurane, USP concentrations (8%) for extended periods of time (> 2 hours). Concentrations of formaldehyde observed with desiccated soda lime in this experimental anesthesia respiratory circuit were consistent with levels that could potentially result in respiratory irritation. Although KOH containing CO2 absorbents are no longer commercially available, in the laboratory experiments, exposure of sevoflurane, USP to the desiccated KOH containing CO2 absorbent, Baralyme, resulted in the detection of substantially greater degradant levels.</Description>
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<Description>Sevoflurane, USP, volatile liquid for inhalation, a nonflammable and nonexplosive liquid administered by vaporization, is a halogenated general inhalation anesthetic drug. Sevoflurane, USP is fluoromethyl 2,2,2,-trifluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl) ethyl ether and its structural formula is. Sevoflurane, USP is nonflammable and nonexplosive as defined by the requirements of International Electrotechnical Commission 601-2-13. Sevoflurane, USP is a clear, colorless, liquid containing no additives. Sevoflurane, USP is not corrosive to stainless steel, brass, aluminum, nickel-plated brass, chrome-plated brass or copper beryllium. Sevoflurane, USP is nonpungent. It is miscible with ethanol, ether, chloroform, and benzene, and it is slightly soluble in water. Sevoflurane, USP is stable when stored under normal room lighting conditions according to instructions. No discernible degradation of sevoflurane, USP occurs in the presence of strong acids or heat. When in contact with alkaline CO2 absorbents (e.g., Baralyme® and to a lesser extent soda lime) within the anesthesia machine, Sevoflurane, USP can undergo degradation under certain conditions. Degradation of sevoflurane, USP is minimal, and degradants are either undetectable or present in non-toxic amounts when used as directed with fresh absorbents. Sevoflurane, USP degradation and subsequent degradant formation are enhanced by increasing absorbent temperature increased sevoflurane, USP concentration, decreased fresh gas flow and desiccated CO2 absorbents (especially with potassium hydroxide containing absorbents e.g., Baralyme). Sevoflurane, USP alkaline degradation occurs by two pathways. The first results from the loss of hydrogen fluoride with the formation of pentafluoroisopropenyl fluoromethyl ether, (PIFE, C4H2F6O), also known as Compound A, and trace amounts of pentafluoromethoxy isopropyl fluoromethyl ether, (PMFE, C5H6F6O), also known as Compound B. The second pathway for degradation of sevoflurane, USP, which occurs primarily in the presence of desiccated CO2 absorbents, is discussed later. In the first pathway, the defluorination pathway, the production of degradants in the anesthesia circuit results from the extraction of the acidic proton in the presence of a strong base (KOH and/or NaOH) forming an alkene (Compound A) from sevoflurane, USP similar to formation of 2-bromo-2-chloro-1,1-difluoro ethylene (BCDFE) from halothane. Laboratory simulations have shown that the concentration of these degradants is inversely correlated with the fresh gas flow rate (See Figure 1). Since the reaction of carbon dioxide with absorbents is exothermic, the temperature increase will be determined by quantities of CO2 absorbed, which in turn will depend on fresh gas flow in the anesthesia circle system, metabolic status of the patient, and ventilation. The relationship of temperature produced by varying levels of CO2 and Compound A production is illustrated in the following in vitro simulation where CO2 was added to a circle absorber system. Compound A concentration in a circle absorber system increases as a function of increasing CO2 absorbent temperature and composition (Baralyme producing higher levels than soda lime), increased body temperature, and increased minute ventilation, and decreasing fresh gas flow rates. It has been reported that the concentration of Compound A increases significantly with prolonged dehydration of Baralyme. Compound A exposure in patients also has been shown to rise with increased sevoflurane, USP concentrations and duration of anesthesia. In a clinical study in which sevoflurane, USP was administered to patients under low flow conditions for ≥ 2 hours at flow rates of 1 Liter/minute, Compound A levels were measured in an effort to determine the relationship between MAC hours and Compound A levels produced. The relationship between Compound A levels and sevoflurane, USP exposure are shown in Figure 2a. Compound A has been shown to be nephrotoxic in rats after exposures that have varied in duration from one to three hours. No histopathologic change was seen at a concentration of up to 270 ppm for one hour. Sporadic single cell necrosis of proximal tubule cells has been reported at a concentration of 114 ppm after a 3-hour exposure to Compound A in rats. The LC50 reported at 1 hour is 1050-1090 ppm (male-female) and, at 3 hours, 350-490 ppm (male-female). An experiment was performed comparing sevoflurane, USP plus 75 or 100 ppm Compound A with an active control to evaluate the potential nephrotoxicity of Compound A in non-human primates. A single 8-hour exposure of Sevoflurane, USP in the presence of Compound A produced single-cell renal tubular degeneration and single-cell necrosis in cynomolgus monkeys. These changes are consistent with the increased urinary protein, glucose level and enzymic activity noted on days one and three on the clinical pathology evaluation. This nephrotoxicity produced by Compound A is dose and duration of exposure dependent. At a fresh gas flow rate of 1 L/min, mean maximum concentrations of Compound A in the anesthesia circuit in clinical settings are approximately 20 ppm (0.002%) with soda lime and 30 ppm (0.003%) with Baralyme in adult patients; mean maximum concentrations in pediatric patients with soda lime are about half those found in adults. The highest concentration observed in a single patient with Baralyme was 61 ppm (0.0061%) and 32 ppm (0.0032%) with soda lime. The levels of Compound A at which toxicity occurs in humans is not known. The second pathway for degradation of sevoflurane, USP occurs primarily in the presence of desiccated CO2 absorbents and leads to the dissociation of sevoflurane, USP into hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) and formaldehyde. HFIP is inactive, non-genotoxic, rapidly glucuronidated and cleared by the liver. Formaldehyde is present during normal metabolic processes. Upon exposure to a highly desiccated absorbent, formaldehyde can further degrade into methanol and formate. Formate can contribute to the formation of carbon monoxide in the presence of high temperature that can be associated with desiccated Baralyme®. Methanol can react with Compound A to form the methoxy addition product Compound B. Compound B can undergo further HF elimination to form Compounds C, D, and E. Sevoflurane, USP degradants were observed in the respiratory circuit of an experimental anesthesia machine using desiccated CO2 absorbents and maximum sevoflurane, USP concentrations (8%) for extended periods of time (˃ 2 hours). Concentrations of formaldehyde observed with desiccated soda lime in this experimental anesthesia respiratory circuit were consistent with levels that could potentially result in respiratory irritation. Although KOH containing CO2 absorbents are no longer commercially available, in the laboratory experiments, exposure of sevoflurane, USP to the desiccated KOH containing CO2 absorbent, Baralyme, resulted in the detection of substantially greater degradant levels.</Description>
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<LastUpdate>2026-02-24</LastUpdate>
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<IndicationAndUsage>Sevoflurane is indicated for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia in adult and pediatric patients for inpatient and outpatient surgery. Sevoflurane should be administered only by persons trained in the administration of general anesthesia. Facilities for maintenance of a patent airway, artificial ventilation, oxygen enrichment, and circulatory resuscitation must be immediately available. Since level of anesthesia may be altered rapidly, only vaporizers producing predictable concentrations of sevoflurane should be used.</IndicationAndUsage>
<Description>Sevoflurane, USP, volatile liquid for inhalation, a nonflammable and nonexplosive liquid administered by vaporization, is a halogenated general inhalation anesthetic drug. Sevoflurane, USP is fluoromethyl 2,2,2,-trifluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl) ethyl ether and its structural formula is. Sevoflurane, USP is nonflammable and nonexplosive as defined by the requirements of International Electrotechnical Commission 601-2-13. Sevoflurane, USP is a clear, colorless, liquid containing no additives. Sevoflurane, USP is not corrosive to stainless steel, brass, aluminum, nickel-plated brass, chrome-plated brass or copper beryllium. Sevoflurane, USP is nonpungent. It is miscible with ethanol, ether, chloroform, and benzene, and it is slightly soluble in water. Sevoflurane, USP is stable when stored under normal room lighting conditions according to instructions. No discernible degradation of sevoflurane, USP occurs in the presence of strong acids or heat. When in contact with alkaline CO2 absorbents (e.g., Baralyme® and to a lesser extent soda lime) within the anesthesia machine, Sevoflurane, USP can undergo degradation under certain conditions. Degradation of sevoflurane, USP is minimal, and degradants are either undetectable or present in non-toxic amounts when used as directed with fresh absorbents. Sevoflurane, USP degradation and subsequent degradant formation are enhanced by increasing absorbent temperature increased sevoflurane, USP concentration, decreased fresh gas flow and desiccated CO2 absorbents (especially with potassium hydroxide containing absorbents e.g., Baralyme). Sevoflurane, USP alkaline degradation occurs by two pathways. The first results from the loss of hydrogen fluoride with the formation of pentafluoroisopropenyl fluoromethyl ether, (PIFE, C4H2F6O), also known as Compound A, and trace amounts of pentafluoromethoxy isopropyl fluoromethyl ether, (PMFE, C5H6F6O), also known as Compound B. The second pathway for degradation of sevoflurane, USP, which occurs primarily in the presence of desiccated CO2 absorbents, is discussed later. In the first pathway, the defluorination pathway, the production of degradants in the anesthesia circuit results from the extraction of the acidic proton in the presence of a strong base (KOH and/or NaOH) forming an alkene (Compound A) from sevoflurane, USP similar to formation of 2-bromo-2-chloro-1,1-difluoro ethylene (BCDFE) from halothane. Laboratory simulations have shown that the concentration of these degradants is inversely correlated with the fresh gas flow rate (See Figure 1). Since the reaction of carbon dioxide with absorbents is exothermic, the temperature increase will be determined by quantities of CO2 absorbed, which in turn will depend on fresh gas flow in the anesthesia circle system, metabolic status of the patient, and ventilation. The relationship of temperature produced by varying levels of CO2 and Compound A production is illustrated in the following in vitro simulation where CO2 was added to a circle absorber system. Compound A concentration in a circle absorber system increases as a function of increasing CO2 absorbent temperature and composition (Baralyme producing higher levels than soda lime), increased body temperature, and increased minute ventilation, and decreasing fresh gas flow rates. It has been reported that the concentration of Compound A increases significantly with prolonged dehydration of Baralyme. Compound A exposure in patients also has been shown to rise with increased sevoflurane, USP concentrations and duration of anesthesia. In a clinical study in which sevoflurane, USP was administered to patients under low flow conditions for ≥ 2 hours at flow rates of 1 Liter/minute, Compound A levels were measured in an effort to determine the relationship between MAC hours and Compound A levels produced. The relationship between Compound A levels and sevoflurane, USP exposure are shown in Figure 2a. Compound A has been shown to be nephrotoxic in rats after exposures that have varied in duration from one to three hours. No histopathologic change was seen at a concentration of up to 270 ppm for one hour. Sporadic single cell necrosis of proximal tubule cells has been reported at a concentration of 114 ppm after a 3-hour exposure to Compound A in rats. The LC50 reported at 1 hour is 1050-1090 ppm (male-female) and, at 3 hours, 350-490 ppm (male-female). An experiment was performed comparing sevoflurane, USP plus 75 or 100 ppm Compound A with an active control to evaluate the potential nephrotoxicity of Compound A in non-human primates. A single 8-hour exposure of Sevoflurane, USP in the presence of Compound A produced single-cell renal tubular degeneration and single-cell necrosis in cynomolgus monkeys. These changes are consistent with the increased urinary protein, glucose level and enzymic activity noted on days one and three on the clinical pathology evaluation. This nephrotoxicity produced by Compound A is dose and duration of exposure dependent. At a fresh gas flow rate of 1 L/min, mean maximum concentrations of Compound A in the anesthesia circuit in clinical settings are approximately 20 ppm (0.002%) with soda lime and 30 ppm (0.003%) with Baralyme in adult patients; mean maximum concentrations in pediatric patients with soda lime are about half those found in adults. The highest concentration observed in a single patient with Baralyme was 61 ppm (0.0061%) and 32 ppm (0.0032%) with soda lime. The levels of Compound A at which toxicity occurs in humans is not known. The second pathway for degradation of sevoflurane, USP occurs primarily in the presence of desiccated CO2 absorbents and leads to the dissociation of sevoflurane, USP into hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) and formaldehyde. HFIP is inactive, non-genotoxic, rapidly glucuronidated and cleared by the liver. Formaldehyde is present during normal metabolic processes. Upon exposure to a highly desiccated absorbent, formaldehyde can further degrade into methanol and formate. Formate can contribute to the formation of carbon monoxide in the presence of high temperature that can be associated with desiccated Baralyme®. Methanol can react with Compound A to form the methoxy addition product Compound B. Compound B can undergo further HF elimination to form Compounds C, D, and E. Sevoflurane, USP degradants were observed in the respiratory circuit of an experimental anesthesia machine using desiccated CO2 absorbents and maximum sevoflurane, USP concentrations (8%) for extended periods of time (> 2 hours). Concentrations of formaldehyde observed with desiccated soda lime in this experimental anesthesia respiratory circuit were consistent with levels that could potentially result in respiratory irritation. Although KOH containing CO2 absorbents are no longer commercially available, in the laboratory experiments, exposure of sevoflurane, USP to the desiccated KOH containing CO2 absorbent, Baralyme, resulted in the detection of substantially greater degradant levels.</Description>
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<StartMarketingDate>20071119</StartMarketingDate>
<MarketingCategoryName>ANDA</MarketingCategoryName>
<ApplicationNumber>ANDA078650</ApplicationNumber>
<LabelerName>Halocarbon Life Sciences, LLC</LabelerName>
<SubstanceName>SEVOFLURANE</SubstanceName>
<StrengthNumber>1</StrengthNumber>
<StrengthUnit>mL/mL</StrengthUnit>
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<IndicationAndUsage>Sevoflurane is indicated for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia in adult and pediatric patients for inpatient and outpatient surgery. Sevoflurane should be administered only by persons trained in the administration of general anesthesia. Facilities for maintenance of a patent airway, artificial ventilation, oxygen enrichment, and circulatory resuscitation must be immediately available. Since level of anesthesia may be altered rapidly, only vaporizers producing predictable concentrations of sevoflurane should be used.</IndicationAndUsage>
<Description>Sevoflurane, volatile liquid for inhalation, a nonflammable and nonexplosive liquid administered by vaporization, is a halogenated general inhalation anesthetic drug. Sevoflurane is fluoromethyl 2,2,2,-trifluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl) ethyl ether and its structural formula is. Sevoflurane is nonflammable and nonexplosive as defined by the requirements of International Electrotechnical Commission 601-2-13. Sevoflurane is a clear, colorless, liquid containing no additives. Sevoflurane is not corrosive to stainless steel, brass, aluminum, nickel-plated brass, chrome-plated brass or copper beryllium. Sevoflurane is nonpungent. It is miscible with ethanol, ether, chloroform, and benzene, and it is slightly soluble in water. Sevoflurane is stable when stored under normal room lighting conditions according to instructions. No discernible degradation of sevoflurane occurs in the presence of strong acids or heat. When in contact with alkaline CO2 absorbents (e.g Baralyme® and to a lesser extent soda lime) within the anesthesia machine, sevoflurane can undergo degradation under certain conditions. Degradation of sevoflurane is minimal, and degradants are either undetectable or present in non-toxic amounts when used as directed with fresh absorbents. Sevoflurane degradation and subsequent degradant formation are enhanced by increasing absorbent temperature increased sevoflurane concentration, decreased fresh gas flow and desiccated CO2 absorbents (especially with potassium hydroxide containing absorbents e.g.Baralyme). Sevoflurane alkaline degradation occurs by two pathways. The first results from the loss of hydrogen fluoride with the formation of pentafluoroisopropenyl fluoromethyl ether, (PIFE, C4H2F6O), also known as Compound A, and trace amounts of pentafluoromethoxy isopropyl fluoromethyl ether, (PMFE, C5H6F6O), also known as Compound B. The second pathway for degradation of sevoflurane, which occurs primarily in the presence of desiccated CO2 absorbents, is discussed later. In the first pathway, the defluorination pathway, the production of degradants in the anesthesia circuit results from the extraction of the acidic proton in the presence of a strong base (KOH and/or NaOH) forming an alkene (Compound A) from sevoflurane similar to formation of 2-bromo-2-chloro-1, 1-difluoro ethylene (BCDFE) from halothane. Laboratory simulations have shown that the concentration of these degradants is inversely correlated with the fresh gas flow rate (See Figure 1). Since the reaction of carbon dioxide with absorbents is exothermic, the temperature increase will be determined by quantities of CO2 absorbed, which in turn will depend on fresh gas flow in the anesthesia circle system, metabolic status of the patient, and ventilation. The relationship of temperature produced by varying levels of CO2 and Compound A production is illustrated in the following in vitro simulation where CO2 was added to a circle absorber system. Compound A concentration in a circle absorber system increases as a function of increasing CO2 absorbent temperature and composition (Baralyme producing higher levels than soda lime), increased body temperature, and increased minute ventilation, and decreasing fresh gas flow rates. It has been reported that the concentration of Compound A increases significantly with prolonged dehydration of Baralyme. Compound A exposure in patients also has been shown to rise with increased sevoflurane concentrations and duration of anesthesia. In a clinical study in which sevoflurane was administered to patients under low flow conditions for ≥2 hours at flow rates of 1 Liter/minute, Compound A levels were measured in an effort to determine the relationship between MAC hours and Compound A levels produced. The relationship between Compound A levels and sevoflurane exposure are shown in Figure 2a. Compound A has been shown to be nephrotoxic in rats after exposures that have varied in duration from one to three hours. No histopathologic change was seen at a concentration of up to 270 ppm for one hour. Sporadic single cell necrosis of proximal tubule cells has been reported at a concentration of 114 ppm after a 3-hour exposure to Compound A in rats. The LC50 reported at 1 hour is 1050 to 1090 ppm (male-female) and, at 3 hours, 350 to 490 ppm (male-female). An experiment was performed comparing sevoflurane plus 75 or 100 ppm Compound A with an active control to evaluate the potential nephrotoxicity of Compound A in non-human primates. A single 8-hour exposure of Sevoflurane in the presence of Compound A produced single-cell renal tubular degeneration and single-cell necrosis in cynomolgus monkeys. These changes are consistent with the increased urinary protein, glucose level and enzymic activity noted on days one and three on the clinical pathology evaluation. This nephrotoxicity produced by Compound A is dose and duration of exposure dependent. At a fresh gas flow rate of 1 L/min, mean maximum concentrations of Compound A in the anesthesia circuit in clinical settings are approximately 20 ppm (0.002%) with soda lime and 30 ppm (0.003%) with Baralyme in adult patients; mean maximum concentrations in pediatric patients with soda lime are about half those found in adults. The highest concentration observed in a single patient with Baralyme was 61 ppm (0.0061%) and 32 ppm (0.0032%) with soda lime. The levels of Compound A at which toxicity occurs in humans is not known. The second pathway for degradation of sevoflurane occurs primarily in the presence of desiccated CO2 absorbents and leads to the dissociation of sevoflurane into hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) and formaldehyde. HFIP is inactive, non-genotoxic, rapidly glucuronidated and cleared by the liver. Formaldehyde is present during normal metabolic processes. Upon exposure to a highly desiccated absorbent, formaldehyde can further degrade into methanol and formate. Formate can contribute to the formation of carbon monoxide in the presence of high temperature that can be associated with desiccated Baralyme®. Methanol can react with Compound A to form the methoxy addition product Compound B. Compound B can undergo further HF elimination to form Compounds C, D, and E. Sevoflurane degradants were observed in the respiratory circuit of an experimental anesthesia machine using desiccated CO2 absorbents and maximum sevoflurane concentrations (8%) for extended periods of time (> 2 hours). Concentrations of formaldehyde observed with desiccated soda lime in this experimental anesthesia respiratory circuit were consistent with levels that could potentially result in respiratory irritation. Although KOH containing CO2 absorbents are no longer commercially available, in the laboratory experiments, exposure of sevoflurane to the desiccated KOH containing CO2 absorbent, Baralyme, resulted in the detection of substantially greater degradant levels.</Description>
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<PackageDescription>5 mL in 1 VIAL, MULTI-DOSE (36987-1050-1)</PackageDescription>
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<ProductTypeName>HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG</ProductTypeName>
<ProprietaryName>Goat Epithelium</ProprietaryName>
<NonProprietaryName>Goat Epithelium</NonProprietaryName>
<DosageFormName>INJECTION, SOLUTION</DosageFormName>
<RouteName>INTRADERMAL; SUBCUTANEOUS</RouteName>
<StartMarketingDate>19720829</StartMarketingDate>
<MarketingCategoryName>BLA</MarketingCategoryName>
<ApplicationNumber>BLA102192</ApplicationNumber>
<LabelerName>Nelco Laboratories, Inc.</LabelerName>
<SubstanceName>CAPRA HIRCUS SKIN</SubstanceName>
<StrengthNumber>10000</StrengthNumber>
<StrengthUnit>[PNU]/mL</StrengthUnit>
<Pharm_Classes>Non-Standardized Animal Skin Allergenic Extract [EPC],Increased Histamine Release [PE],Cell-mediated Immunity [PE],Increased IgG Production [PE],Cells, Epidermal [EXT],Allergens [CS]</Pharm_Classes>
<Status>Deprecated</Status>
<LastUpdate>2019-09-21</LastUpdate>
<ProductNdcExcludeFlag>E</ProductNdcExcludeFlag>
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<IndicationAndUsage>Allergenic extracts are indicated for use in diagnostic testing and as part of a treatment regime for allergic disease, as established by allergy history and skin test reactivity. Allergenic extracts are indicated for the treatment of allergen specific allergic disease for use as hyposensitization or immunotherapy when avoidance of specific allergens can not be attained. The use of allergenic extracts for therapeutic purpose has been established by well-controlled clinical studies. Allergenic extracts may be used as adjunctive therapy along with pharmacotherapy which includes antihistamines, corticosteroids, and cromoglycate, and avoidance measures. Allergenic extracts for therapeutic use should be given using only the allergen selection to which the patient is allergic, has a history of exposure and are likely to be exposed to again.</IndicationAndUsage>
<Description>Allergenic extracts are sterile solutions consisting of the extractable components from various biological sources including pollens, inhalants, molds, animal epidermals and insects. Aqueous extracts are prepared using cocas fluid containing NaCl 0.5%, NaHCO3 0.0275%, WFI, preservative 0.4% Phenol. Glycerinated allergenic extracts are prepared with cocas fluid and glycerin to produce a 50% (v/v) allergenic extract. Allergenic Extracts are supplied as concentrations designated as protein nitrogen units (PNU) or weight/volume (w/v) ratio. Standardized extracts are designated in Bioequivalent Allergy Units (BAU) or Allergy Units (AU). (See product insert for standardized extracts). For diagnostic purposes, allergenic extracts are to be administered by prick-puncture or intradermal routes. Allergenic extracts are administered subcutaneously for immunotherapy injections.</Description>
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<NonProprietaryName>Goat Epithelium</NonProprietaryName>
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<ApplicationNumber>BLA102192</ApplicationNumber>
<LabelerName>Nelco Laboratories, Inc.</LabelerName>
<SubstanceName>CAPRA HIRCUS SKIN</SubstanceName>
<StrengthNumber>10000</StrengthNumber>
<StrengthUnit>[PNU]/mL</StrengthUnit>
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<Status>Deprecated</Status>
<LastUpdate>2019-09-21</LastUpdate>
<ProductNdcExcludeFlag>E</ProductNdcExcludeFlag>
<ListingRecordCertifiedThrough>20171231</ListingRecordCertifiedThrough>
<IndicationAndUsage>Allergenic extracts are indicated for use in diagnostic testing and as part of a treatment regime for allergic disease, as established by allergy history and skin test reactivity. Allergenic extracts are indicated for the treatment of allergen specific allergic disease for use as hyposensitization or immunotherapy when avoidance of specific allergens can not be attained. The use of allergenic extracts for therapeutic purpose has been established by well-controlled clinical studies. Allergenic extracts may be used as adjunctive therapy along with pharmacotherapy which includes antihistamines, corticosteroids, and cromoglycate, and avoidance measures. Allergenic extracts for therapeutic use should be given using only the allergen selection to which the patient is allergic, has a history of exposure and are likely to be exposed to again.</IndicationAndUsage>
<Description>Allergenic extracts are sterile solutions consisting of the extractable components from various biological sources including pollens, inhalants, molds, animal epidermals and insects. Aqueous extracts are prepared using cocas fluid containing NaCl 0.5%, NaHCO3 0.0275%, WFI, preservative 0.4% Phenol. Glycerinated allergenic extracts are prepared with cocas fluid and glycerin to produce a 50% (v/v) allergenic extract. Allergenic Extracts are supplied as concentrations designated as protein nitrogen units (PNU) or weight/volume (w/v) ratio. Standardized extracts are designated in Bioequivalent Allergy Units (BAU) or Allergy Units (AU). (See product insert for standardized extracts). For diagnostic purposes, allergenic extracts are to be administered by prick-puncture or intradermal routes. Allergenic extracts are administered subcutaneously for immunotherapy injections.</Description>
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