RESTful Lookup — Test-Drive (2007 – 2026)

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<NDCList>
  <NDC>
    <NDCCode>81877-640-60</NDCCode>
    <PackageDescription>1 KIT in 1 KIT (81877-640-60)  *  1 TUBE in 1 CARTON (68462-501-65)  / 60 g in 1 TUBE *  118 mL in 1 TUBE (53329-152-44) </PackageDescription>
    <NDC11Code>81877-0640-60</NDC11Code>
    <ProductNDC>81877-640</ProductNDC>
    <ProductTypeName>HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG</ProductTypeName>
    <ProprietaryName>Calsodore Kit</ProprietaryName>
    <NonProprietaryName>Calcipotriene, Dimethicone</NonProprietaryName>
    <DosageFormName>KIT</DosageFormName>
    <RouteName>TOPICAL</RouteName>
    <StartMarketingDate>20230911</StartMarketingDate>
    <MarketingCategoryName>UNAPPROVED DRUG OTHER</MarketingCategoryName>
    <LabelerName>FORREAL PHARMACEUTICALS LLC</LabelerName>
    <Status>Deprecated</Status>
    <LastUpdate>2024-06-13</LastUpdate>
    <PackageNdcExcludeFlag>N</PackageNdcExcludeFlag>
    <ProductNdcExcludeFlag>N</ProductNdcExcludeFlag>
    <ListingRecordCertifiedThrough>20241231</ListingRecordCertifiedThrough>
    <StartMarketingDatePackage>20230911</StartMarketingDatePackage>
    <SamplePackage>N</SamplePackage>
    <IndicationAndUsage>Calcipotriene cream, 0.005%, is indicated for the treatment of plaque psoriasis. The safety and effectiveness of topical calcipotriene in dermatoses other than psoriasis have not been established.</IndicationAndUsage>
    <Description>Calcipotriene Cream USP, 0.005% contains calcipotriene, USP, a synthetic vitamin D3 derivative, for topical dermatological use. Chemically, calcipotriene, USP is (5Z,7E,22E,24S)-24-cyclopropyl-9,10-secochola-5,7,10(19),22-tetraene-1α,3β,24-triol, with the empirical formula C27H40O3, a molecular weight of 412.62 and the following structural formula. Calcipotriene, USP is a white or almost white crystalline powder. Calcipotriene Cream USP, 0.005% contains 50 mcg/g anhydrous calcipotriene, USP in a cream base of benzyl alcohol, ceteth-20, cetostearyl alcohol, disodium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate, glycerin, medium chain triglycerides, mineral oil, monosodium phosphate monohydrate, purified water and white petrolatum.</Description>
  </NDC>
  <NDC>
    <NDCCode>81877-502-60</NDCCode>
    <PackageDescription>1 KIT in 1 KIT (81877-502-60)  *  1 BOTTLE in 1 CARTON (52565-002-05)  &gt; 150 mL in 1 BOTTLE *  1 TUBE in 1 CARTON (0536-2525-25)  &gt; 60 g in 1 TUBE</PackageDescription>
    <NDC11Code>81877-0502-60</NDC11Code>
    <ProductNDC>81877-502</ProductNDC>
    <ProductTypeName>HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG</ProductTypeName>
    <ProprietaryName>Dicloheal-60</ProprietaryName>
    <NonProprietaryName>Diclofenac Sodium, Capsaicin</NonProprietaryName>
    <DosageFormName>KIT</DosageFormName>
    <StartMarketingDate>20160729</StartMarketingDate>
    <MarketingCategoryName>ANDA</MarketingCategoryName>
    <ApplicationNumber>ANDA202769</ApplicationNumber>
    <LabelerName>Forreal Pharmaceuticals LLC</LabelerName>
    <Status>Deprecated</Status>
    <LastUpdate>2022-09-17</LastUpdate>
    <PackageNdcExcludeFlag>N</PackageNdcExcludeFlag>
    <ProductNdcExcludeFlag>N</ProductNdcExcludeFlag>
    <ListingRecordCertifiedThrough>20221231</ListingRecordCertifiedThrough>
    <StartMarketingDatePackage>20160729</StartMarketingDatePackage>
    <SamplePackage>N</SamplePackage>
  </NDC>
  <NDC>
    <NDCCode>81877-513-60</NDCCode>
    <PackageDescription>56.7 g in 1 CARTON (81877-513-60) </PackageDescription>
    <NDC11Code>81877-0513-60</NDC11Code>
    <ProductNDC>81877-513</ProductNDC>
    <ProductTypeName>HUMAN OTC DRUG</ProductTypeName>
    <ProprietaryName>Reallief Gel - I</ProprietaryName>
    <NonProprietaryName>Reallief Gel - I Topical Analgesic</NonProprietaryName>
    <DosageFormName>GEL</DosageFormName>
    <RouteName>TOPICAL</RouteName>
    <StartMarketingDate>20220713</StartMarketingDate>
    <MarketingCategoryName>UNAPPROVED DRUG OTHER</MarketingCategoryName>
    <LabelerName>Forreal Pharmaceuticals LLC</LabelerName>
    <SubstanceName>CAMPHOR (SYNTHETIC); MENTHOL, UNSPECIFIED FORM; METHYL SALICYLATE</SubstanceName>
    <StrengthNumber>40; 100; 300</StrengthNumber>
    <StrengthUnit>mg/g; mg/g; mg/g</StrengthUnit>
    <Status>Deprecated</Status>
    <LastUpdate>2022-09-24</LastUpdate>
    <PackageNdcExcludeFlag>N</PackageNdcExcludeFlag>
    <ProductNdcExcludeFlag>N</ProductNdcExcludeFlag>
    <ListingRecordCertifiedThrough>20231231</ListingRecordCertifiedThrough>
    <StartMarketingDatePackage>20220713</StartMarketingDatePackage>
    <SamplePackage>N</SamplePackage>
  </NDC>
  <NDC>
    <NDCCode>81877-630-60</NDCCode>
    <PackageDescription>1 TUBE in 1 CARTON (81877-630-60)  / 60 g in 1 TUBE</PackageDescription>
    <NDC11Code>81877-0630-60</NDC11Code>
    <ProductNDC>81877-630</ProductNDC>
    <ProductTypeName>HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG</ProductTypeName>
    <ProprietaryName>Calsodore</ProprietaryName>
    <NonProprietaryName>Calcipotriene</NonProprietaryName>
    <DosageFormName>CREAM</DosageFormName>
    <RouteName>TOPICAL</RouteName>
    <StartMarketingDate>20230802</StartMarketingDate>
    <MarketingCategoryName>ANDA</MarketingCategoryName>
    <ApplicationNumber>ANDA205772</ApplicationNumber>
    <LabelerName>FORREAL PHARMACEUTICALS LLC</LabelerName>
    <SubstanceName>CALCIPOTRIENE</SubstanceName>
    <StrengthNumber>50</StrengthNumber>
    <StrengthUnit>ug/g</StrengthUnit>
    <Pharm_Classes>Vitamin D Analog [EPC], Vitamin D [CS]</Pharm_Classes>
    <Status>Deprecated</Status>
    <LastUpdate>2024-02-22</LastUpdate>
    <PackageNdcExcludeFlag>N</PackageNdcExcludeFlag>
    <ProductNdcExcludeFlag>N</ProductNdcExcludeFlag>
    <ListingRecordCertifiedThrough>20241231</ListingRecordCertifiedThrough>
    <StartMarketingDatePackage>20230802</StartMarketingDatePackage>
    <SamplePackage>N</SamplePackage>
    <IndicationAndUsage>Calcipotriene cream, 0.005%, is indicated for the treatment of plaque psoriasis. The safety and effectiveness of topical calcipotriene in dermatoses other than psoriasis have not been established.</IndicationAndUsage>
    <Description>Calcipotriene Cream USP, 0.005% contains calcipotriene, USP, a synthetic vitamin D3 derivative, for topical dermatological use. Chemically, calcipotriene, USP is (5Z,7E,22E,24S)-24-cyclopropyl-9,10-secochola-5,7,10(19),22-tetraene-1α,3β,24-triol, with the empirical formula C27H40O3, a molecular weight of 412.62 and the following structural formula. Calcipotriene, USP is a white or almost white crystalline powder. Calcipotriene Cream USP, 0.005% contains 50 mcg/g anhydrous calcipotriene, USP in a cream base of benzyl alcohol, ceteth-20, cetostearyl alcohol, disodium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate, glycerin, medium chain triglycerides, mineral oil, monosodium phosphate monohydrate, purified water and white petrolatum.</Description>
  </NDC>
  <NDC>
    <NDCCode>81877-645-12</NDCCode>
    <PackageDescription>1 KIT in 1 KIT (81877-645-12)  *  1 BOTTLE in 1 CARTON (13107-269-47)  / 112 g in 1 BOTTLE *  1 TUBE in 1 CARTON (0536-2525-25)  / 60 g in 1 TUBE</PackageDescription>
    <NDC11Code>81877-0645-12</NDC11Code>
    <ProductNDC>81877-645</ProductNDC>
    <ProductTypeName>HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG</ProductTypeName>
    <ProprietaryName>Diclareal Topical Kit</ProprietaryName>
    <NonProprietaryName>Diclofenac Sodium, Capsaicin</NonProprietaryName>
    <DosageFormName>KIT</DosageFormName>
    <RouteName>TOPICAL</RouteName>
    <StartMarketingDate>20231012</StartMarketingDate>
    <MarketingCategoryName>UNAPPROVED DRUG OTHER</MarketingCategoryName>
    <LabelerName>FORREAL PHARMACEUTICALS LLC</LabelerName>
    <Status>Deprecated</Status>
    <LastUpdate>2024-06-20</LastUpdate>
    <PackageNdcExcludeFlag>N</PackageNdcExcludeFlag>
    <ProductNdcExcludeFlag>N</ProductNdcExcludeFlag>
    <ListingRecordCertifiedThrough>20241231</ListingRecordCertifiedThrough>
    <StartMarketingDatePackage>20231012</StartMarketingDatePackage>
    <SamplePackage>N</SamplePackage>
    <IndicationAndUsage>Diclofenac sodium topical solution is indicated for the treatment of the pain of osteoarthritis of the knee(s).</IndicationAndUsage>
    <Description>Diclofenac sodium 2% topical solution, contains diclofenac sodium, a benzeneacetic acid derivative that is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, and is available as a clear, colorless to faintly pink or orange solution for topical application. The chemical name is 2[(2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino]-benzeneacetic acid, monosodium salt. The molecular weight is 318.14. Its molecular formula is C14H10Cl2NNaO2, and it has the following chemical structure. Each 1 gram of solution contains 20 mg of diclofenac sodium USP. The inactive ingredients: dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, 45.5% w/w), ethanol 96%, hydroxypropyl cellulose, propylene glycol and purified water.</Description>
  </NDC>
  <NDC>
    <NDCCode>42549-640-60</NDCCode>
    <PackageDescription>60 TABLET in 1 BOTTLE (42549-640-60)</PackageDescription>
    <NDC11Code>42549-0640-60</NDC11Code>
    <ProductNDC>42549-640</ProductNDC>
    <ProductTypeName>HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG</ProductTypeName>
    <ProprietaryName>Oxycodone Hydrochloride And Acetaminophen</ProprietaryName>
    <NonProprietaryName>Oxycodone Hydrochloride And Acetaminophen</NonProprietaryName>
    <DosageFormName>TABLET</DosageFormName>
    <RouteName>ORAL</RouteName>
    <StartMarketingDate>20080701</StartMarketingDate>
    <MarketingCategoryName>ANDA</MarketingCategoryName>
    <ApplicationNumber>ANDA040778</ApplicationNumber>
    <LabelerName>STAT Rx USA LLC</LabelerName>
    <SubstanceName>OXYCODONE HYDROCHLORIDE; ACETAMINOPHEN</SubstanceName>
    <StrengthNumber>10; 325</StrengthNumber>
    <StrengthUnit>mg/1; mg/1</StrengthUnit>
    <Pharm_Classes>Full Opioid Agonists [MoA],Opioid Agonist [EPC]</Pharm_Classes>
    <DEASchedule>CII</DEASchedule>
    <Status>Deprecated</Status>
    <LastUpdate>2018-02-07</LastUpdate>
    <ProductNdcExcludeFlag>E</ProductNdcExcludeFlag>
    <ListingRecordCertifiedThrough>20171231</ListingRecordCertifiedThrough>
    <IndicationAndUsage>Oxycodone and Acetaminophen Tablets, USP are indicated for the relief of moderate to moderately severe pain.</IndicationAndUsage>
    <Description>Each tablet for oral administration contains. Oxycodone Hydrochloride, USP  ....................   5 mg*Acetaminophen  ............................................  325 mg. * 5 mg oxycodone HCl is equivalent to 4.4815 mg of oxycodone. Each tablet for oral administration contains. Oxycodone Hydrochloride, USP  ....................   10 mg* Acetaminophen  ............................................  325 mg. * 10 mg oxycodone HCl is equivalent to 8.9637 mg of oxycodone. Oxycodone and Acetaminophen Tablets, USP also contain the following inactive ingredients: colloidal silicon dioxide, crospovidone, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, povidone, pregelatinized starch and stearic acid. Oxycodone, 14-hydroxydihydrocodeinone, is a semisynthetic opioid analgesic which occurs as a white, odorless, crystalline powder having a saline, bitter taste. The molecular formula for oxycodone hydrochloride is C18H21NO4HCl and the molecular weight 351.82. It is derived from the opium alkaloid thebaine, and may be represented by the following structural formula. C18H21NO4HCl                                          MW 351.82. Acetaminophen, 4'-hydroxyacetanilide, is a non-opiate, non-salicylate analgesic and antipyretic which occurs as a white, odorless, crystalline powder, possessing a slightly bitter taste. The molecular formula for acetaminophen is C8H9NO2 and the molecular weight is 151.16. It may be represented by the following structural formula. C8H9NO2                                          MW 151.17.</Description>
  </NDC>
  <NDC>
    <NDCCode>50458-640-65</NDCCode>
    <PackageDescription>60 TABLET, COATED in 1 BOTTLE (50458-640-65) </PackageDescription>
    <NDC11Code>50458-0640-65</NDC11Code>
    <ProductNDC>50458-640</ProductNDC>
    <ProductTypeName>HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG</ProductTypeName>
    <ProprietaryName>Topamax</ProprietaryName>
    <NonProprietaryName>Topiramate</NonProprietaryName>
    <DosageFormName>TABLET, COATED</DosageFormName>
    <RouteName>ORAL</RouteName>
    <StartMarketingDate>19970101</StartMarketingDate>
    <MarketingCategoryName>NDA</MarketingCategoryName>
    <ApplicationNumber>NDA020505</ApplicationNumber>
    <LabelerName>Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc.</LabelerName>
    <SubstanceName>TOPIRAMATE</SubstanceName>
    <StrengthNumber>50</StrengthNumber>
    <StrengthUnit>mg/1</StrengthUnit>
    <Pharm_Classes>Cytochrome P450 2C19 Inhibitors [MoA], Cytochrome P450 3A4 Inducers [MoA], Decreased Central Nervous System Disorganized Electrical Activity [PE]</Pharm_Classes>
    <Status>Active</Status>
    <LastUpdate>2026-10-07</LastUpdate>
    <PackageNdcExcludeFlag>N</PackageNdcExcludeFlag>
    <ProductNdcExcludeFlag>N</ProductNdcExcludeFlag>
    <ListingRecordCertifiedThrough>20271231</ListingRecordCertifiedThrough>
    <StartMarketingDatePackage>19970101</StartMarketingDatePackage>
    <SamplePackage>N</SamplePackage>
    <IndicationAndUsage>TOPAMAX is indicated for: 1 Epilepsy: initial monotherapy for the treatment of partial-onset or primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures in patients 2 years of age and older (1.1); adjunctive therapy for the treatment of partial-onset seizures, primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures, or seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome in patients 2 years of age and older (1.2), 2 Preventive treatment of migraine in patients 12 years of age and older (1.3).</IndicationAndUsage>
    <Description>Topiramate is a sulfamate-substituted monosaccharide. TOPAMAX® (topiramate) Tablets are available as 25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg, and 200 mg round tablets for oral administration. TOPAMAX (topiramate capsules) Sprinkle Capsules are available as 15 mg and 25 mg sprinkle capsules for oral administration as whole capsules or opened and sprinkled onto soft food. Topiramate is a white crystalline powder with a bitter taste. Topiramate is most soluble in alkaline solutions containing sodium hydroxide or sodium phosphate and having a pH of 9 to 10. It is freely soluble in acetone, chloroform, dimethylsulfoxide, and ethanol. The solubility in water is 9.8 mg/mL. Its saturated solution has a pH of 6.3. Topiramate has the molecular formula C12H21NO8S and a molecular weight of 339.36. Topiramate is designated chemically as 2,3:4,5-Di-O-isopropylidene-β-D-fructopyranose sulfamate and has the following structural formula. TOPAMAX Tablets contain the following inactive ingredients: carnauba wax, hypromellose, lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, polyethylene glycol, polysorbate 80, pregelatinized starch, purified water, sodium starch glycolate, synthetic iron oxide, and titanium dioxide. TOPAMAX Sprinkle Capsules contain topiramate-coated beads in a hard gelatin capsule. The inactive ingredients are black pharmaceutical ink, cellulose acetate, gelatin, povidone, sodium lauryl sulfate, sorbitan monolaurate, sugar spheres (sucrose and starch) and titanium dioxide.</Description>
  </NDC>
  <NDC>
    <NDCCode>55549-006-60</NDCCode>
    <PackageDescription>640 mL in 1 CANISTER (55549-006-60) </PackageDescription>
    <NDC11Code>55549-0006-60</NDC11Code>
    <ProductNDC>55549-006</ProductNDC>
    <ProductTypeName>HUMAN OTC DRUG</ProductTypeName>
    <ProprietaryName>Sci 80 Hand Sanitizer Wipes</ProprietaryName>
    <NonProprietaryName>Alcohol</NonProprietaryName>
    <DosageFormName>CLOTH</DosageFormName>
    <RouteName>TOPICAL</RouteName>
    <StartMarketingDate>20200330</StartMarketingDate>
    <MarketingCategoryName>OTC MONOGRAPH NOT FINAL</MarketingCategoryName>
    <ApplicationNumber>part333A</ApplicationNumber>
    <LabelerName>Southern Chem Industries LLC</LabelerName>
    <SubstanceName>ALCOHOL</SubstanceName>
    <StrengthNumber>70</StrengthNumber>
    <StrengthUnit>mL/100mL</StrengthUnit>
    <Status>Deprecated</Status>
    <LastUpdate>2022-01-04</LastUpdate>
    <PackageNdcExcludeFlag>N</PackageNdcExcludeFlag>
    <ProductNdcExcludeFlag>N</ProductNdcExcludeFlag>
    <ListingRecordCertifiedThrough>20211231</ListingRecordCertifiedThrough>
    <StartMarketingDatePackage>20200330</StartMarketingDatePackage>
    <SamplePackage>N</SamplePackage>
    <IndicationAndUsage>For hand washing to decrease bacteria on the skin-recommended for repeat use.</IndicationAndUsage>
  </NDC>
  <NDC>
    <NDCCode>55549-007-60</NDCCode>
    <PackageDescription>640 mL in 1 CANISTER (55549-007-60) </PackageDescription>
    <NDC11Code>55549-0007-60</NDC11Code>
    <ProductNDC>55549-007</ProductNDC>
    <ProductTypeName>HUMAN OTC DRUG</ProductTypeName>
    <ProprietaryName>Sci 80 Hand Sanitizer Wipes</ProprietaryName>
    <NonProprietaryName>Alcohol</NonProprietaryName>
    <DosageFormName>CLOTH</DosageFormName>
    <RouteName>TOPICAL</RouteName>
    <StartMarketingDate>20200330</StartMarketingDate>
    <MarketingCategoryName>OTC MONOGRAPH NOT FINAL</MarketingCategoryName>
    <ApplicationNumber>part333A</ApplicationNumber>
    <LabelerName>Southern Chem Industries LLC</LabelerName>
    <SubstanceName>ALCOHOL</SubstanceName>
    <StrengthNumber>70</StrengthNumber>
    <StrengthUnit>mL/100mL</StrengthUnit>
    <Status>Deprecated</Status>
    <LastUpdate>2022-01-04</LastUpdate>
    <PackageNdcExcludeFlag>N</PackageNdcExcludeFlag>
    <ProductNdcExcludeFlag>N</ProductNdcExcludeFlag>
    <ListingRecordCertifiedThrough>20211231</ListingRecordCertifiedThrough>
    <StartMarketingDatePackage>20200330</StartMarketingDatePackage>
    <SamplePackage>N</SamplePackage>
    <IndicationAndUsage>For hand washing to decrease bacteria on the skin-recommended for repeat use.</IndicationAndUsage>
  </NDC>
  <NDC>
    <NDCCode>58411-640-60</NDCCode>
    <PackageDescription>1 TUBE in 1 CARTON (58411-640-60)  / 21 mL in 1 TUBE</PackageDescription>
    <NDC11Code>58411-0640-60</NDC11Code>
    <ProductNDC>58411-640</ProductNDC>
    <ProductTypeName>HUMAN OTC DRUG</ProductTypeName>
    <ProprietaryName>Cle De Peau Beaute Radiant Foundation N</ProprietaryName>
    <ProprietaryNameSuffix>B90</ProprietaryNameSuffix>
    <NonProprietaryName>Octinoxate And Titanium Dioxide</NonProprietaryName>
    <DosageFormName>EMULSION</DosageFormName>
    <RouteName>TOPICAL</RouteName>
    <StartMarketingDate>20210501</StartMarketingDate>
    <MarketingCategoryName>OTC MONOGRAPH DRUG</MarketingCategoryName>
    <ApplicationNumber>M020</ApplicationNumber>
    <LabelerName>SHISEIDO AMERICAS CORPORATION</LabelerName>
    <SubstanceName>OCTINOXATE; TITANIUM DIOXIDE</SubstanceName>
    <StrengthNumber>1.07; .3</StrengthNumber>
    <StrengthUnit>g/21mL; g/21mL</StrengthUnit>
    <Status>Active</Status>
    <LastUpdate>2026-01-07</LastUpdate>
    <PackageNdcExcludeFlag>N</PackageNdcExcludeFlag>
    <ProductNdcExcludeFlag>N</ProductNdcExcludeFlag>
    <ListingRecordCertifiedThrough>20271231</ListingRecordCertifiedThrough>
    <StartMarketingDatePackage>20210501</StartMarketingDatePackage>
    <SamplePackage>N</SamplePackage>
    <IndicationAndUsage>helps prevent sunburn. if used as directed with other sun protection measures (see Directions), decreases the risk of skin cancer and early skin aging caused by the sun .</IndicationAndUsage>
  </NDC>
  <NDC>
    <NDCCode>61919-640-60</NDCCode>
    <PackageDescription>60 CAPSULE in 1 BOTTLE (61919-640-60) </PackageDescription>
    <NDC11Code>61919-0640-60</NDC11Code>
    <ProductNDC>61919-640</ProductNDC>
    <ProductTypeName>HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG</ProductTypeName>
    <ProprietaryName>Gabapentin</ProprietaryName>
    <NonProprietaryName>Gabapentin</NonProprietaryName>
    <DosageFormName>CAPSULE</DosageFormName>
    <RouteName>ORAL</RouteName>
    <StartMarketingDate>20190808</StartMarketingDate>
    <MarketingCategoryName>ANDA</MarketingCategoryName>
    <ApplicationNumber>ANDA090007</ApplicationNumber>
    <LabelerName>Direct_Rx</LabelerName>
    <SubstanceName>GABAPENTIN</SubstanceName>
    <StrengthNumber>300</StrengthNumber>
    <StrengthUnit>mg/1</StrengthUnit>
    <Pharm_Classes>Anti-epileptic Agent [EPC], Decreased Central Nervous System Disorganized Electrical Activity [PE]</Pharm_Classes>
    <Status>Deprecated</Status>
    <LastUpdate>2025-01-01</LastUpdate>
    <PackageNdcExcludeFlag>N</PackageNdcExcludeFlag>
    <ProductNdcExcludeFlag>N</ProductNdcExcludeFlag>
    <ListingRecordCertifiedThrough>20241231</ListingRecordCertifiedThrough>
    <StartMarketingDatePackage>20190808</StartMarketingDatePackage>
    <SamplePackage>N</SamplePackage>
  </NDC>
  <NDC>
    <NDCCode>63187-640-60</NDCCode>
    <PackageDescription>60 TABLET, FILM COATED in 1 BOTTLE (63187-640-60) </PackageDescription>
    <NDC11Code>63187-0640-60</NDC11Code>
    <ProductNDC>63187-640</ProductNDC>
    <ProductTypeName>HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG</ProductTypeName>
    <ProprietaryName>Fenofibrate</ProprietaryName>
    <NonProprietaryName>Fenofibrate</NonProprietaryName>
    <DosageFormName>TABLET, FILM COATED</DosageFormName>
    <RouteName>ORAL</RouteName>
    <StartMarketingDate>20060510</StartMarketingDate>
    <MarketingCategoryName>ANDA</MarketingCategoryName>
    <ApplicationNumber>ANDA076635</ApplicationNumber>
    <LabelerName>Proficient Rx LP</LabelerName>
    <SubstanceName>FENOFIBRATE</SubstanceName>
    <StrengthNumber>54</StrengthNumber>
    <StrengthUnit>mg/1</StrengthUnit>
    <Pharm_Classes>Peroxisome Proliferator Receptor alpha Agonist [EPC]</Pharm_Classes>
    <Status>Deprecated</Status>
    <LastUpdate>2025-06-07</LastUpdate>
    <PackageNdcExcludeFlag>N</PackageNdcExcludeFlag>
    <ProductNdcExcludeFlag>N</ProductNdcExcludeFlag>
    <ListingRecordCertifiedThrough>20251231</ListingRecordCertifiedThrough>
    <StartMarketingDatePackage>20160201</StartMarketingDatePackage>
    <SamplePackage>N</SamplePackage>
    <IndicationAndUsage>Treatment of Hypercholesterolemia. Fenofibrate tablets, USP are indicated as adjunctive therapy to diet to reduce elevated LDL-C, Total-C, Triglycerides and Apo B, and to increase HDL-C in adult patients with primary hypercholesterolemia or mixed dyslipidemia (Fredrickson Types IIa and IIb). Lipid-altering agents should be used in addition to a diet restricted in saturated fat and cholesterol when response to diet and non-pharmacological interventions alone has been inadequate (See National Cholesterol Education Program [NCEP] Treatment Guidelines, below). Treatment of Hypertriglyceridemia. Fenofibrate tablets, USP are also indicated as adjunctive therapy to diet for treatment of adult patients with hypertriglyceridemia (Fredrickson Types IV and V hyperlipidemia). Improving glycemic control in diabetic patients showing fasting chylomicronemia will usually reduce fasting triglycerides and eliminate chylomicronemia thereby obviating the need for pharmacologic intervention. Markedly elevated levels of serum triglycerides (e.g. &gt; 2,000 mg/dL) may increase the risk of developing pancreatitis. The effect of fenofibrate tablet, USP therapy on reducing this risk has not been adequately studied. Drug therapy is not indicated for patients with Type I hyperlipoproteinemia, who have elevations of chylomicrons and plasma triglycerides, but who have normal levels of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL). Inspection of plasma refrigerated for 14 hours is helpful in distinguishing Types I, IV and V hyperlipoproteinemia2. The initial treatment for dyslipidemia is dietary therapy specific for the type of lipoprotein abnormality. Excess body weight and excess alcoholic intake may be important factors in hypertriglyceridemia and should be addressed prior to any drug therapy. Physical exercise can be an important ancillary measure. Diseases contributory to hyperlipidemia, such as hypothyroidism or diabetes mellitus should be looked for and adequately treated. Estrogen therapy, thiazide diuretics and beta-blockers, are sometimes associated with massive rises in plasma triglycerides, especially in subjects with familial hypertriglyceridemia. In such cases, discontinuation of the specific etiologic agent may obviate the need for specific drug therapy of hypertriglyceridemia. The use of drugs should be considered only when reasonable attempts have been made to obtain satisfactory results with non-drug methods. If the decision is made to use drugs, the patient should be instructed that this does not reduce the importance of adhering to diet. (See WARNINGS and PRECAUTIONS). After the LDL-C goal has been achieved, if the TG is still ≥ 200 mg/dL, non HDL-C (total-C minus HDL-C) becomes a secondary target of therapy. Non-HDL-C goals are set 30 mg/dL higher than LDL-C goals for each risk category.</IndicationAndUsage>
    <Description>Fenofibrate tablets, USP is a lipid regulating agent available as tablets for oral administration. Each tablet contains 54 mg or 160 mg of fenofibrate, USP. The chemical name for fenofibrate is 2-[4-(4-chlorobenzoyl) phenoxy]-2-methyl-propanoic acid, 1-methylethyl ester with the following molecular structure. The molecular formula is C20H21O4Cl and the molecular weight is 360.83; fenofibrate, USP is very soluble in methylene chloride, slightly soluble in alcohal and prectically insoluble in water. The melting point is 79 - 82° C. Fenofibrate, USP is a white or almost white crystalline powder. Inactive Ingredients: Each tablet contains colloidal silicon dioxide, crospovidone, lecithin (soya), microcrystalline cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, povidone, pregelatinized starch, sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium stearyl fumarate, talc, titanium dioxide and xanthan gum. Meets USP Dissolution Test 2.</Description>
  </NDC>
  <NDC>
    <NDCCode>68001-640-60</NDCCode>
    <PackageDescription>25 VIAL in 1 CARTON (68001-640-60)  / 1 mL in 1 VIAL (68001-640-59) </PackageDescription>
    <NDC11Code>68001-0640-60</NDC11Code>
    <ProductNDC>68001-640</ProductNDC>
    <ProductTypeName>HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG</ProductTypeName>
    <ProprietaryName>Cyanocobalamin</ProprietaryName>
    <NonProprietaryName>Cyanocobalamin</NonProprietaryName>
    <DosageFormName>INJECTION, SOLUTION</DosageFormName>
    <RouteName>INTRAMUSCULAR; SUBCUTANEOUS</RouteName>
    <StartMarketingDate>20250407</StartMarketingDate>
    <MarketingCategoryName>ANDA</MarketingCategoryName>
    <ApplicationNumber>ANDA217839</ApplicationNumber>
    <LabelerName>BluePoint Laboratories</LabelerName>
    <SubstanceName>CYANOCOBALAMIN</SubstanceName>
    <StrengthNumber>1000</StrengthNumber>
    <StrengthUnit>ug/mL</StrengthUnit>
    <Pharm_Classes>Vitamin B 12 [CS], Vitamin B12 [EPC]</Pharm_Classes>
    <Status>Active</Status>
    <LastUpdate>2025-12-16</LastUpdate>
    <PackageNdcExcludeFlag>N</PackageNdcExcludeFlag>
    <ProductNdcExcludeFlag>N</ProductNdcExcludeFlag>
    <ListingRecordCertifiedThrough>20261231</ListingRecordCertifiedThrough>
    <StartMarketingDatePackage>20250407</StartMarketingDatePackage>
    <SamplePackage>N</SamplePackage>
    <IndicationAndUsage>Cyanocobalamin is indicated for vitamin B 12 deficiencies due to malabsorption which may be associated with the following conditions:. Addisonian (pernicious) anemia. Gastrointestinal pathology, dysfunction, or surgery, including gluten enteropathy or sprue, small bowel bacteria overgrowth, total or partial. gastrectomy. Fish tapeworm infestation. Malignancy of pancreas or bowel. Folic acid deficiency. It may be possible to treat the underlying disease by surgical correction of anatomic lesions leading to small bowel bacterial overgrowth, expulsion of fish tapeworm, discontinuation of drugs leading to vitamin malabsorption (see Drug Interactions), use of a gluten-free diet in nontropical sprue, or administration of antibiotics in tropical sprue. Such measures remove the need for long-term administration of cyanocobalamin. Requirements of vitamin B 12 in excess of normal (due to pregnancy, thyrotoxicosis, hemolytic anemia, hemorrhage, malignancy, hepatic and renal disease) can usually be met with oral supplementation. Cyanocobalamin injection, USP is also suitable for the vitamin B 12 absorption test (Schilling test).</IndicationAndUsage>
    <Description>Cyanocobalamin injection, USP is a sterile solution of cyanocobalamin for intramuscular or subcutaneous injection. Each mL contains 1,000 mcg cyanocobalamin. Each vial also contains Sodium Chloride, 0.50%. Benzyl Alcohol, 1.5%, is present as a preservative. Sodium acetate and glacial acetic acid are present as buffer. Hydrochloric acid and/or sodium hydroxide may have been added during manufacture to adjust the pH (range 4.5-7.0). Cyanocobalamin appears as dark red crystals or as an amorphous or crystalline red powder. It is very hygroscopic in the anhydrous form, and sparingly soluble in water (1:80). The vitamin B 12 coenzymes are very unstable in light. The chemical name is 5,6-dimethyl-benzimidazolyl cyanocobamide; the molecular formula is C 63H 88CoN 14O 14P. The cobalt content is 4.34%. The molecular weight is 1355.39. The structural formula is represented below.</Description>
  </NDC>
  <NDC>
    <NDCCode>71610-640-60</NDCCode>
    <PackageDescription>90 TABLET in 1 BOTTLE (71610-640-60) </PackageDescription>
    <NDC11Code>71610-0640-60</NDC11Code>
    <ProductNDC>71610-640</ProductNDC>
    <ProductTypeName>HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG</ProductTypeName>
    <ProprietaryName>Buspirone Hydrochloride</ProprietaryName>
    <NonProprietaryName>Buspirone Hydrochloride</NonProprietaryName>
    <DosageFormName>TABLET</DosageFormName>
    <RouteName>ORAL</RouteName>
    <StartMarketingDate>20140825</StartMarketingDate>
    <MarketingCategoryName>ANDA</MarketingCategoryName>
    <ApplicationNumber>ANDA202330</ApplicationNumber>
    <LabelerName>Aphena Pharma Solutions - Tennessee, LLC</LabelerName>
    <SubstanceName>BUSPIRONE HYDROCHLORIDE</SubstanceName>
    <StrengthNumber>15</StrengthNumber>
    <StrengthUnit>mg/1</StrengthUnit>
    <Status>Active</Status>
    <LastUpdate>2022-03-18</LastUpdate>
    <PackageNdcExcludeFlag>N</PackageNdcExcludeFlag>
    <ProductNdcExcludeFlag>N</ProductNdcExcludeFlag>
    <ListingRecordCertifiedThrough>20261231</ListingRecordCertifiedThrough>
    <StartMarketingDatePackage>20220316</StartMarketingDatePackage>
    <SamplePackage>N</SamplePackage>
    <IndicationAndUsage>Buspirone hydrochloride tablets are indicated for the management of anxiety disorders or the short-term relief of the symptoms of anxiety. Anxiety or tension associated with the stress of everyday life usually does not require treatment with an anxiolytic. The efficacy of buspirone has been demonstrated in controlled clinical trials of outpatients whose diagnosis roughly corresponds to Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD). Many of the patients enrolled in these studies also had coexisting depressive symptoms and buspirone relieved anxiety in the presence of these coexisting depressive symptoms. The patients evaluated in these studies had experienced symptoms for periods of 1 month to over 1 year prior to the study, with an average symptom duration of 6 months. Generalized Anxiety Disorder (300.02) is described in the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, III 1 as follows:. Generalized, persistent anxiety (of at least 1 month continual duration), manifested by symptoms from three of the four following categories: 1 Motor tension: shakiness, jitteriness, jumpiness, trembling, tension, muscle aches, fatigability, inability to relax, eyelid twitch, furrowed brow, strained face, fidgeting, restlessness, easy startle., 2 Autonomic hyperactivity: sweating, heart pounding or racing, cold, clammy hands, dry mouth, dizziness, lightheadedness, paresthesias (tingling in hands or feet), upset stomach, hot or cold spells, frequent urination, diarrhea, discomfort in the pit of the stomach, lump in the throat, flushing, pallor, high resting pulse and respiration rate., 3 Apprehensive expectation: anxiety, worry, fear, rumination, and anticipation of misfortune to self or others., 4 Vigilance and scanning: hyperattentiveness resulting in distractibility, difficulty in concentrating, insomnia, feeling "on edge", irritability, impatience.</IndicationAndUsage>
    <Description>Buspirone hydrochloride is an antianxiety agent that is not chemically or pharmacologically related to the benzodiazepines, barbiturates, or other sedative/anxiolytic drugs. Buspirone hydrochloride is a white crystalline, water soluble compound with a molecular weight of 422.0. Chemically, buspirone hydrochloride is 8-[4-[4-(2-pyrimidinyl)-1-piperazinyl]butyl]-8-azaspiro[4,5]decane-7,9-dione monohydrochloride. The empirical formula C21H31N5O2.HCl is represented by the following structural formula. Buspirone hydrochloride tablets, USP for oral administration, contains 5 mg, 7.5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg or 30 mg of buspirone hydrochloride, USP (equivalent to 4.6 mg, 6.9 mg, 9.1 mg, 13.7 mg and 27.4 mg of buspirone free base respectively). The 5 mg and 10 mg tablets are scored so they can be bisected. Thus, the 5 mg tablet can also provide a 2.5 mg dose, and the 10 mg tablet can provide a 5 mg dose. The 15 mg tablets are scored such that they may be bisected or trisected. Thus, a single 15 mg tablet can provide the following doses: 15 mg (entire tablet), 10 mg (two thirds of a tablet), 7.5 mg (one-half of a tablet), or 5 mg (one-third of a tablet). The 30 mg tablets are scored such that they may be bisected or trisected. A single 30 mg tablet can provide the following doses: 30 mg (entire tablet), 20 mg (two-thirds of a tablet), 15 mg (one-half of a tablet), or 10 mg (one-third of a tablet). Buspirone hydrochloride tablets, USP contain the following inactive ingredients: colloidal silicon dioxide, lactose monohydrate, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, and sodium starch glycolate.</Description>
  </NDC>
  <NDC>
    <NDCCode>81877-650-90</NDCCode>
    <PackageDescription>1 TUBE in 1 CARTON (81877-650-90)  / 30 g in 1 TUBE</PackageDescription>
    <NDC11Code>81877-0650-90</NDC11Code>
    <ProductNDC>81877-650</ProductNDC>
    <ProductTypeName>HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG</ProductTypeName>
    <ProprietaryName>Emreal</ProprietaryName>
    <NonProprietaryName>Lidocaine And Prilocaine</NonProprietaryName>
    <DosageFormName>CREAM</DosageFormName>
    <RouteName>TOPICAL</RouteName>
    <StartMarketingDate>20231116</StartMarketingDate>
    <MarketingCategoryName>ANDA</MarketingCategoryName>
    <ApplicationNumber>ANDA212482</ApplicationNumber>
    <LabelerName>Forreal Pharmaceuticals LLC</LabelerName>
    <SubstanceName>LIDOCAINE; PRILOCAINE</SubstanceName>
    <StrengthNumber>25; 25</StrengthNumber>
    <StrengthUnit>mg/g; mg/g</StrengthUnit>
    <Pharm_Classes>Amide Local Anesthetic [EPC], Amide Local Anesthetic [EPC], Amides [CS], Amides [CS], Antiarrhythmic [EPC], Local Anesthesia [PE], Local Anesthesia [PE]</Pharm_Classes>
    <Status>Deprecated</Status>
    <LastUpdate>2024-06-20</LastUpdate>
    <PackageNdcExcludeFlag>N</PackageNdcExcludeFlag>
    <ProductNdcExcludeFlag>N</ProductNdcExcludeFlag>
    <ListingRecordCertifiedThrough>20241231</ListingRecordCertifiedThrough>
    <StartMarketingDatePackage>20231116</StartMarketingDatePackage>
    <SamplePackage>N</SamplePackage>
    <IndicationAndUsage>Lidocaine and Prilocaine Cream (a eutectic mixture of lidocaine 2.5% and prilocaine 2.5%) is indicated as a topical anesthetic for use on.  normal intact skin for local analgesia.  genital mucous membranes for superficial minor surgery and as pretreatment for infiltration anesthesia. Lidocaine and Prilocaine Cream is not recommended in any clinical situation when penetration or migration beyond the tympanic membrane into the middle ear is possible because of the ototoxic effects observed in animal studies (see WARNINGS).</IndicationAndUsage>
    <Description>Lidocaine and Prilocaine Cream, USP 2.5%/2.5% is an emulsion in which the oil phase is a eutectic mixture of lidocaine and prilocaine in a ratio of 1:1 by weight. This eutectic mixture has a melting point below room temperature and therefore both local anesthetics exist as a liquid oil rather than as crystals. It is packaged in 5 gram and 30 gram tubes. Lidocaine is chemically designated as acetamide, 2-(diethylamino)-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl), has an octanol: water partition ratio of 43 at pH 7.4, and has the following structure. Prilocaine is chemically designated as propanamide, N-(2-methylphenyl)-2-(propylamino), has an octanol: water partition ratio of 25 at pH 7.4, and has the following structure. Each gram of Lidocaine and Prilocaine Cream, USP 2.5%/2.5% contains lidocaine 25 mg, prilocaine 25 mg, PEG-60 hydrogenated castor oil (as emulsifier), carbomer homopolymer Type B (as a thickening agent), sodium hydroxide to adjust to a pH approximating 9, and purified water to 1 gram. Lidocaine and Prilocaine Cream, USP 2.5%/2.5% contains no preservative, however it passes the USP antimicrobial effectiveness test due to the pH. The specific gravity of Lidocaine and Prilocaine Cream is 1.00.</Description>
  </NDC>
  <NDC>
    <NDCCode>16590-808-30</NDCCode>
    <PackageDescription>30 TABLET in 1 BOTTLE, PLASTIC (16590-808-30)</PackageDescription>
    <NDC11Code>16590-0808-30</NDC11Code>
    <ProductNDC>16590-808</ProductNDC>
    <ProductTypeName>HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG</ProductTypeName>
    <ProprietaryName>Propranolol</ProprietaryName>
    <NonProprietaryName>Propranolol Hydrochloride</NonProprietaryName>
    <DosageFormName>TABLET</DosageFormName>
    <RouteName>ORAL</RouteName>
    <StartMarketingDate>19860101</StartMarketingDate>
    <MarketingCategoryName>ANDA</MarketingCategoryName>
    <ApplicationNumber>ANDA070175</ApplicationNumber>
    <LabelerName>STAT RX USA LLC</LabelerName>
    <SubstanceName>PROPRANOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE</SubstanceName>
    <StrengthNumber>10</StrengthNumber>
    <StrengthUnit>mg/1</StrengthUnit>
    <Pharm_Classes>Adrenergic beta-Antagonists [MoA],beta-Adrenergic Blocker [EPC]</Pharm_Classes>
    <Status>Deprecated</Status>
    <LastUpdate>2018-02-07</LastUpdate>
    <ProductNdcExcludeFlag>E</ProductNdcExcludeFlag>
    <ListingRecordCertifiedThrough>20171231</ListingRecordCertifiedThrough>
    <Description>Propranolol hydrochloride is a synthetic beta-adrenergic receptor blocking agent chemically described as (±)-1-(Isopropylamino)-3-(1-naphthyloxy)-2- propanol hydrochloride. Its structural formula is.      STRUCTURE IMAGE. Propranolol hydrochloride is a stable, white crystalline solid which is readily soluble in water and ethanol. Propranolol hydrochloride is available as 10 mg, 20 mg, 40 mg and 80 mg tablets for oral administration. Propranolol Hydrochloride Tablets USP 10 mg, 20 mg, 40 mg, and 80 mg contain the following inactive ingredients: anhydrous lactose, colloidal silicon dioxide, croscarmellose sodium, D and C Yellow No. 10, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose and stearic acid. Propranolol Hydrochloride Tablets USP 10 mg and 80 mg also contain FD and C Yellow No. 6. Propranolol Hydrochloride Tablets USP 20 mg and 40 mg also contain FD and C Blue No. 1. Propranolol is a nonselective beta-adrenergic receptor blocking agent possessing no other autonomic nervous system activity. It specifically competes with beta-adrenergic receptor agonist agents for available receptor sites. When access to beta-receptor sites is blocked by propranolol, the chronotropic, inotropic, and vasodilator responses to beta-adrenergic stimulation are decreased proportionately. At dosages greater than required for beta blockade, propranolol also exerts a quinidine-like or anesthetic-like membrane action, which affects the cardiac action potential. The significance of the membrane action in the treatment of arrhythmias is uncertain. The mechanism of the antihypertensive effect of propranolol has not been established. Factors that may contribute to the antihypertensive action include: (1) decreased cardiac output, (2) inhibition of renin release by the kidneys, and (3) diminution of tonic sympathetic nerve outflow from vasomotor centers in the brain. Although total peripheral resistance may increase initially, it readjusts to or below the pretreatment level with chronic use of propranolol. Effects of propranolol on plasma volume appear to be minor and somewhat variable. In angina pectoris, propranolol generally reduces the oxygen requirement of the heart at any given level of effort by blocking the catecholamine-induced increases in the heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and the velocity and extent of myocardial contraction. Propranolol may increase oxygen requirements by increasing left ventricular fiber length, end diastolic pressure, and systolic ejection period. The net physiologic effect of betaadrenergic blockade is usually advantageous and is manifested during exercise by delayed onset of pain and increased work capacity. Propranolol exerts its antiarrhythmic effects in concentrations associated with beta-adrenergic blockade, and this appears to be its principal antiarrhythmic mechanism of action. In dosages greater than required for beta blockade, propranolol also exerts a quinidine-like or anesthetic-like membrane action, which affects the cardiac action potential. The significance of the membrane action in the treatment of arrhythmias is uncertain. The mechanism of the antimigraine effect of propranolol has not been established. Beta-adrenergic receptors have been demonstrated in the pial vessels of the brain. The specific mechanism of propranolol’s antitremor effects has not been established, but beta-2 (noncardiac) receptors may be involved. A central effect is also possible. Clinical studies have demonstrated that propranolol is of benefit in exaggerated physiological and essential (familial) tremor. Propranolol is highly lipophilic and almost completely absorbed after oral administration. However, it undergoes high first-pass metabolism by the liver and on average, only about 25% of propranolol reaches the systemic circulation. Peak plasma concentrations occur about 1 to 4 hours after an oral dose. Administration of protein-rich foods increase the bioavailability of propranolol by about 50% with no change in time to peak concentration, plasma binding, half-life, or the amount of unchanged drug in the urine. Approximately 90% of circulating propranolol is bound to plasma proteins (albumin and alpha1 acid glycoprotein). The binding is enantiomer-selective. The S(-)-enantiomer is preferentially bound to alpha1 glycoprotein and the R(+)-enantiomer preferentially bound to albumin. The volume of distribution of propranolol is approximately 4 liters/kg. Propranolol crosses the blood-brain barrier and the placenta, and is distributed into breast milk. Propranolol is extensively metabolized with most metabolites appearing in the urine. Propranolol is metabolized through three primary routes: aromatic hydroxylation (mainly 4-hydroxylation), N-dealkylation followed by further side-chain oxidation, and direct glucuronidation. It has been estimated that the percentage contributions of these routes to total metabolism are 42%, 41% and 17%, respectively, but with considerable variability between individuals. The four major metabolites are propranolol glucuronide, naphthyloxylactic acid and glucuronic acid, and sulfate conjugates of 4-hydroxy propranolol. In vitro studies have indicated that the aromatic hydroxylation of propranolol is catalyzed mainly by polymorphic CYP2D6. Side-chain oxidation is mediated mainly by CYP1A2 and to some extent by CYP2D6. 4-hydroxy propranolol is a weak inhibitor of CYP2D6. Propranolol is also a substrate of CYP2C19 and a substrate for the intestinal efflux transporter, p-glycoprotein (p-gp). Studies suggest however that p-gp is not dose-limiting for intestinal absorption of propranolol in the usual therapeutic dose range. In healthy subjects, no difference was observed between CYP2D6 extensive metabolizers (EMs) and poor metabolizers (PMs) with respect to oral clearance or elimination half-life. Partial clearance of 4-hydroxy propranolol was significantly higher and of naphthyloxyactic acid significantly lower in EMs than PMs. The plasma half-life of propranolol is from 3 to 6 hours. Propranolol is a racemic mixture of two enantiomers, R(+) and S(-). The S(-)-enantiomer is approximately 100 times as potent as the R(+)- enantiomer in blocking beta adrenergic receptors. In normal subjects receiving oral doses of racemic propranolol, S(-)-enantiomer concentrations exceeded those of the R(+)-enantiomer by 40-90% as a result of stereoselective hepatic metabolism. Clearance of the pharmacologically active S(-)-propranolol is lower than R(+)-propranolol after intravenous and oral doses. Geriatric. In a study of 12 elderly (62-79 years old) and 12 young (25-33 years old) healthy subjects, the clearance of S(-)-enantiomer of propranolol was decreased in the elderly. Additionally, the half-life of both the R(+)- and S(-)- propranolol were prolonged in the elderly compared with the young (11 hours vs. 5 hours). Clearance of propranolol is reduced with aging due to decline in oxidation capacity (ring oxidation and side-chain oxidation). Conjugation capacity remains unchanged. In a study of 32 patients age 30 to 84 years given a single 20-mg dose of propranolol, an inverse correlation was found between age and the partial metabolic clearances to 4-hydroxypropranolol (40HP-ring oxidation) and to naphthoxylactic acid (NLA-side chain oxidation). No correlation was found between age and the partial metabolic clearance to propranolol glucuronide (PPLG-conjugation). Gender. In a study of 9 healthy women and 12 healthy men, neither the administration of testosterone nor the regular course of the menstrual cycle affected the plasma binding of the propranolol enantiomers. In contrast, there was a significant, although non-enantioselective diminution of the binding of propranolol after treatment with ethinyl estradiol. These findings are inconsistent with another study, in which administration of testosterone cypionate confirmed the stimulatory role of this hormone on propranolol metabolism and concluded that the clearance of propranolol in men is dependent on circulating concentrations of testosterone. In women, none of the metabolic clearances for propranolol showed any significant association with either estradiol or testosterone. Race. A study conducted in 12 Caucasian and 13 African-American male subjects taking propranolol, showed that at steady state, the clearance of R(+)- and S(-)-propranolol were about 76% and 53% higher in African-Americans than in Caucasians, respectively. Chinese subjects had a greater proportion (18% to 45% higher) of unbound propranolol in plasma compared to Caucasians, which was associated with a lower plasma concentration of alpha1 acid glycoprotein. Renal Insufficiency. In a study conducted in 5 patients with chronic renal failure, 6 patients on regular dialysis, and 5 healthy subjects, who received a single oral dose of 40 mg of propranolol, the peak plasma concentrations (Cmax) of propranolol in the chronic renal failure group were 2 to 3-fold higher (161±41 ng/mL) than those observed in the dialysis patients (47±9 ng/mL) and in the healthy subjects (26±1 ng/mL). Propranolol plasma clearance was also reduced in the patients with chronic renal failure. Studies have reported a delayed absorption rate and a reduced half-life of propranolol in patients with renal failure of varying severity. Despite this shorter plasma half-life, propranolol peak plasma levels were 3-4 times higher and total plasma levels of metabolites were up to 3 times higher in these patients than in subjects with normal renal function. Chronic renal failure has been associated with a decrease in drug metabolism via down regulation of hepatic cytochrome P450 activity resulting in a lower “first-pass” clearance. Propranolol is not significantly dialyzable. Hepatic Insufficiency. Propranolol is extensively metabolized by the liver. In a study conducted in 7 patients with cirrhosis and 9 healthy subjects receiving 80-mg oral propranolol every 8 hours for 7 doses, the steady-state unbound propranolol concentration in patients with cirrhosis was increased 3-fold in comparison to controls. In cirrhosis, the half-life increased to 11 hours compared to 4 hours (see PRECAUTIONS). Interactions with Substrates, Inhibitors or Inducers of Cytochrome P-450 Enzymes. Because propranolol’s metabolism involves multiple pathways in the cytochrome P-450 system (CYP2D6, 1A2, 2C19), co-administration with drugs that are metabolized by, or effect the activity (induction or inhibition) of one or more of these pathways may lead to clinically relevant drug interactions (see Drug Interactions under PRECAUTIONS). Substrates or Inhibitors of CYP2D6. Blood levels and/or toxicity of propranolol may be increased by coadministration with substrates or inhibitors of CYP2D6, such as amiodarone, cimetidine, delavudin, fluoxetine, paroxetine, quinidine, and ritonavir. No interactions were observed with either ranitidine or lansoprazole. Substrates or Inhibitors of CYP1A2. Blood levels and/or toxicity of propranolol may be increased by coadministration with substrates or inhibitors of CYP1A2, such as imipramine, cimetidine, ciprofloxacin, fluvoxamine, isoniazid, ritonavir, theophylline, zileuton, zolmitriptan, and rizatriptan. Substrates or Inhibitors of CYP2C19. Blood levels and or toxicity of propranolol may be increased by coadministration with substrates or inhibitors of CYP2C19, such as fluconazole, cimetidine, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, teniposide, and tolbutamide. No interaction was observed with omeprazole. Inducers of Hepatic Drug Metabolism. Blood levels of propranolol may be decreased by co-administration with inducers such as rifampin, ethanol, phenytoin, and phenobarbital. Cigarette smoking also induces hepatic metabolism and has been shown to increase up to 77% the clearance of propranolol, resulting in decreased plasma concentrations. Cardiovascular Drugs. Antiarrhythmics. The AUC of propafenone is increased by more than 200% by co-administration of propranolol. The metabolism of propranolol is reduced by co-administration of quinidine, leading to a two-three fold increased blood concentration and greater degrees of clinical beta-blockade. The metabolism of lidocaine is inhibited by co-administration of propranolol, resulting in a 25% increase in lidocaine concentrations. Calcium Channel Blockers. The mean Cmax and AUC of propranolol are increased respectively, by 50% and 30% by co-administration of nisoldipine and by 80% and 47%, by coadministration of nicardipine. The mean Cmax and AUC of nifedipine are increased by 64% and 79%, respectively, by co-administration of propranolol. Propranolol does not affect the pharmacokinetics of verapamil and norverapamil. Verapamil does not affect the pharmacokinetics of propranolol. Non-Cardiovascular Drugs. Migraine Drugs. Administration of zolmitriptan or rizatriptan with propranolol resulted in increased concentrations of zolmitriptan (AUC increased by 56% and Cmax by 37%) or rizatriptan (the AUC and Cmax were increased by 67% and 75%, respectively). Theophylline. Co-administration of theophylline with propranolol decreases theophylline oral clearance by 30% to 52%. Benzodiazepines. Propranolol can inhibit the metabolism of diazepam, resulting in increased concentrations of diazepam and its metabolites. Diazepam does not alter the pharmacokinetics of propranolol. The pharmacokinetics of oxazepam, triazolam, lorazepam, and alprazolam are not affected by co-administration of propranolol. Neuroleptic Drugs. Co-administration of long-acting propranolol at doses greater than or equal to 160 mg/day resulted in increased thioridazine plasma concentrations ranging from 55% to 369% and increased thioridazine metabolite (mesoridazine) concentrations ranging from 33% to 209%. Co-administration of chlorpromazine with propranolol resulted in a 70% increase in propranolol plasma level. Anti-Ulcer Drugs. Co-administration of propranolol with cimetidine, a non-specific CYP450 inhibitor, increased propranolol AUC and Cmax by 46% and 35%, respectively. Co-administration with aluminum hydroxide gel (1200 mg) may result in a decrease in propranolol concentrations. Co-administration of metoclopramide with the long-acting propranolol did not have a significant effect on propranolol’s pharmacokinetics. Lipid Lowering Drugs. Co-administration of cholestyramine or colestipol with propranolol resulted in up to 50% decrease in propranolol concentrations. Co-administration of propranolol with lovastatin or pravastatin, decreased 18% to 23% the AUC of both, but did not alter their pharmacodynamics. Propranolol did not have an effect on the pharmacokinetics of fluvastatin. Warfarin. Concomitant administration of propranolol and warfarin has been shown to increase warfarin bioavailability and increase prothrombin time. Alcohol. Concomitant use of alcohol may increase plasma levels of propranolol. In a retrospective, uncontrolled study, 107 patients with diastolic blood pressure 110 to 150 mmHg received propranolol 120 mg t.i.d. for at least 6 months, in addition to diuretics and potassium, but with no other antihypertensive agent. Propranolol contributed to control of diastolic blood pressure, but the magnitude of the effect of propranolol on blood pressure cannot be ascertained. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 32 patients of both sexes, aged 32 to 69 years, with stable angina, propranolol 100 mg t.i.d. was administered for 4 weeks and shown to be more effective than placebo in reducing the rate of angina episodes and in prolonging total exercise time. In a report examining the long-term (5-22 months) efficacy of propranolol, 10 patients, aged 27 to 80, with atrial fibrillation and ventricular rate greater than120 beats per minute despite digitalis, received propranolol up to 30 mg t.i.d. Seven patients (70%) achieved ventricular rate reduction to less than 100 beats per minute. The Beta-Blocker Heart Attack Trial (BHAT) was a National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute-sponsored multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebocontrolled trial conducted in 31 U.S. centers (plus one in Canada) in 3,837 persons without history of severe congestive heart failure or presence of recent heart failure; certain conduction defects; angina since infarction, who had survived the acute phase of myocardial infarction. Propranolol was administered at either 60 or 80 mg t.i.d. based on blood levels achieved during an initial trial of 40 mg t.i.d. Therapy with propranolol, begun 5 to 21 days following infarction, was shown to reduce overall mortality up to 39 months, the longest period of follow-up. This was primarily attributable to a reduction in cardiovascular mortality. The protective effect of propranolol was consistent regardless of age, sex, or site of infarction. Compared with placebo, total mortality was reduced 39% at 12 months and 26% over an average follow-up period of 25 months. The Norwegian Multicenter Trial in which propranolol was administered at 40 mg q.i.d. gave overall results which support the findings in the BHAT. Although the clinical trials used either t.i.d. or q.i.d. dosing, clinical, pharmacologic, and pharmacokinetic data provide a reasonable basis for concluding that b.i.d. dosing with propranolol should be adequate in the treatment of postinfarction patients. In a 34-week, placebo-controlled, 4-period, dose-finding crossover study with a double-blind randomized treatment sequence, 62 patients with migraine received propranolol 20 to 80 mg 3 or 4 times daily. The headache unit index, a composite of the number of days with headache and the associated severity of the headache, was significantly reduced for patients receiving propranolol as compared to those on placebo. In a 2 week, double-blind, parallel, placebo-controlled study of 9 patients with essential or familial tremor, propranolol, at a dose titrated as needed from 40-80 mg t.i.d. reduced tremor severity compared to placebo. In an uncontrolled series of 13 patients with New York Heart Association (NYHA) class 2 or 3 symptoms and hypertrophic subaortic stenosis diagnosed at cardiac catheterization, oral propranolol 40-80 mg t.i.d. was administered and patients were followed for up to 17 months. Propranolol was associated with improved NYHA class for most patients. In an uncontrolled series of 3 patients with norepinephrine-secreting pheochromocytoma who were pretreated with an alpha adrenergic blocker (prazosin), perioperative use of propranolol at doses of 40-80 mg t.i.d. resulted in symptomatic blood pressure control. Hypertension. Propranolol hydrochloride tablets are indicated in the management of hypertension. It may be used alone or used in combination with other antihypertensive agents, particularly a thiazide diuretic. Propranolol hydrochloride is not indicated in the management of hypertensive emergencies. Angina Pectoris Due to Coronary Atherosclerosis. Propranolol hydrochloride tablets are indicated to decrease angina frequency and increase exercise tolerance in patients with angina pectoris. Atrial Fibrillation. Propranolol hydrochloride tablets are indicated to control ventricular rate in patients with atrial fibrillation and a rapid ventricular response. Myocardial Infarction. Propranolol is indicated to reduce cardiovascular mortality in patients who have survived the acute phase of myocardial infarction and are clinically stable. Migraine. Propranolol is indicated for the prophylaxis of common migraine headache. The efficacy of propranolol in the treatment of a migraine attack that has started has not been established, and propranolol is not indicated for such use. Essential Tremor. Propranolol is indicated in the management of familial or hereditary essential tremor. Familial or essential tremor consists of involuntary, rhythmic, oscillatory movements, usually limited to the upper limbs. It is absent at rest but occurs when the limb is held in a fixed posture or position against gravity and during active movement. Propranolol causes a reduction in the tremor amplitude but not in the tremor frequency. Propranolol is not indicated for the treatment of tremor associated with Parkinsonism. Hypertrophic Subaortic Stenosis. Propranolol improves NYHA functional class in symptomatic patients with hypertrophic subaortic stenosis. Pheochromocytoma. Propranolol is indicated as an adjunct to alpha-adrenergic blockade to control blood pressure and reduce symptoms of catecholamine-secreting tumors. Propranolol is contraindicated in 1) cardiogenic shock; 2) sinus bradycardia and greater than first degree block; 3) bronchial asthma; and 4) in patients with known hypersensitivity to propranolol hydrochloride. Angina Pectoris. There have been reports of exacerbation of angina and, in some cases, myocardial infarction, following abrupt discontinuance of propranolol therapy. Therefore, when discontinuance of propranolol is planned, the dosage should be gradually reduced over at least a few weeks and the patient should be cautioned against interruption or cessation of therapy without the physician’s advice. If propranolol therapy is interrupted and exacerbation of angina occurs, it usually is advisable to reinstitute propranolol therapy and take other measures appropriate for the management of angina pectoris. Since coronary artery disease may be unrecognized, it may be prudent to follow the above advice in patients considered at risk of having occult atherosclerotic heart disease who are given propranolol for other indications. Hypersensitivity and Skin Reactions. Hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylactic/anaphylactoid reactions, have been associated with the administration of propranolol (see ADVERSE REACTIONS). Cutaneous reactions, including Stevens-Johnson Syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, exfoliative dermatitis, erythema multiforme, and urticaria, have been reported with use of propranolol (see ADVERSE REACTIONS). Cardiac Failure. Sympathetic stimulation may be a vital component supporting circulatory function in patients with congestive heart failure, and its inhibition by beta blockade may precipitate more severe failure. Although beta blockers should be avoided in overt congestive heart failure, some have been shown to be highly beneficial when used with close follow-up in patients with a history of failure who are well compensated and are receiving additional therapies, including diuretics as needed. Beta-adrenergic blocking agents do not abolish the inotropic action of digitalis on heart muscle. In Patients without a History of Heart Failure, continued use of beta blockers can, in some cases, lead to cardiac failure. Nonallergic Bronchospasm (e.g., Chronic Bronchitis, Emphysema). In general, patients with bronchospastic lung disease should not receive beta blockers. Propranolol should be administered with caution in this setting since it may provoke a bronchial asthmatic attack by blocking bronchodilation produced by endogenous and exogenous catecholamine stimulation of beta-receptors. Major Surgery. The necessity or desirability of withdrawal of beta-blocking therapy prior to major surgery is controversial. It should be noted, however, that the impaired ability of the heart to respond to reflex adrenergic stimuli in propranololtreated patients may augment the risks of general anesthesia and surgical procedures. Propranolol is a competitive inhibitor of beta-receptor agonists, and its effects can be reversed by administration of such agents, e.g., dobutamine or isoproterenol. However, such patients may be subject to protracted severe hypotension. Diabetes and Hypoglycemia. Beta-adrenergic blockade may prevent the appearance of certain premonitory signs and symptoms (pulse rate and pressure changes) of acute hypoglycemia, especially in labile insulin-dependent diabetics. In these patients, it may be more difficult to adjust the dosage of insulin. Propranolol therapy, particularly when given to infants and children, diabetic or not, has been associated with hypoglycemia especially during fasting as in preparation for surgery. Hypoglycemia has been reported in patients taking propranolol after prolonged physical exertion and in patients with renal insufficiency. Thyrotoxicosis. Beta-adrenergic blockade may mask certain clinical signs of hyperthyroidism. Therefore, abrupt withdrawal of propranolol may be followed by an exacerbation of symptoms of hyperthyroidism, including thyroid storm. Propranolol may change thyroid-function tests, increasing T4 and reverse T3 and decreasing T3. Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome. Beta-adrenergic blockade in patients with Wolf-Parkinson-White Syndrome and tachycardia has been associated with severe bradycardia requiring treatment with a pacemaker. In one case, this result was reported after an initial dose of 5 mg propranolol. Pheochromocytoma. Blocking only the peripheral dilator (beta) action of epinephrine with propranolol leaves its constrictor (alpha) action unopposed. In the event of hemorrhage or shock, there is a disadvantage in having both beta and alpha blockade since the combination prevents the increase in heart rate and peripheral vasoconstriction needed to maintain blood pressure. Propranolol should be used with caution in patients with impaired hepatic or renal function. Propranolol is not indicated for the treatment of hypertensive emergencies. Beta-adrenergic receptor blockade can cause reduction of intraocular pressure. Patients should be told that propranolol may interfere with the glaucoma screening test. Withdrawal may lead to a return of increased intraocular pressure. While taking beta blockers, patients with a history of severe anaphylactic reaction to a variety of allergens may be more reactive to repeated challenge, either accidental, diagnostic, or therapeutic. Such patients may be unresponsive to the usual doses of epinephrine used to treat allergic reaction. In patients with hypertension, use of propranolol has been associated with elevated levels of serum potassium, serum transaminases and alkaline phosphatase. In severe heart failure, the use of propranolol has been associated with increases in Blood Urea Nitrogen. Caution should be exercised when propranolol is administered with drugs that have an effect on CYP2D6, 1A2, or 2C19 metabolic pathways. Coadministration of such drugs with propranolol may lead to clinically relevant drug interactions and changes on its efficacy and/or toxicity (see Drug Interactions in PHARMACOKINETICS AND DRUG METABOLISM). Cardiovascular Drugs. Antiarrhythmics. Propafenone has negative inotropic and beta-blocking properties that can be additive to those of propranolol. Quinidine increases the concentration of propranolol and produces greater degrees of clinical beta-blockade and may cause postural hypotension. Amiodarone is an antiarrhythmic agent with negative chronotropic properties that may be additive to those seen with β-blockers such as propranolol. The clearance of lidocaine is reduced with administration of propranolol. Lidocaine toxicity has been reported following co-administration with propranolol. Caution should be exercised when administering propranolol with drugs that slow A-V nodal conduction, e.g. lidocaine and calcium channel blockers. Digitalis Glycosides. Both digitalis glycosides and beta-blockers slow atrioventricular conduction and decrease heartrate. Concomitant use can increase the risk of bradycardia. Calcium Channel Blockers. Caution should be exercised when patients receiving a beta blocker are administered a calcium-channel-blocking drug with negative inotropic and/or chronotropic effects. Both agents may depress myocardial contractility or atrioventricular conduction. There have been reports of significant bradycardia, heart failure, and cardiovascular collapse with concurrent use of verapamil and beta-blockers. Co-administration of propranolol and diltiazem in patients with cardiac disease has been associated with bradycardia, hypotension, high degree heart block, and heart failure. ACE Inhibitors. When combined with beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors can cause hypotension, particularly in the setting of acute myocardial infarction. The antihypertensive effects of clonidine may be antagonized by betablockers. Propranolol should be administered cautiously to patients withdrawing from clonidine. Alpha Blockers. Prazosin has been associated with prolongation of first dose hypotension in the presence of beta-blockers. Postural hypotension has been reported in patients taking both beta-blockers and terazosin or doxazosin. Reserpine. Patients receiving catecholamine-depleting drugs, such as reserpine, should be closely observed for excessive reduction of resting sympathetic nervous activity, which may result in hypotension, marked bradycardia, vertigo, syncopal attacks, or orthostatic hypotension. Inotropic Agents. Patients on long term therapy with propranolol may experience uncontrolled hypertension if administered epinephrine as a consequence of unopposed alpha-receptor stimulation. Epinephrine is therefore not indicated in the treatment of propranolol overdose (see OVERDOSAGE). Isoproterenol and Dobutamine. Propranolol is a competitive inhibitor of beta-receptor agonists, and its effects can be reversed by administration of such agents, e.g., dobutamine or isoproterenol. Also, propranolol may reduce sensitivity to dobutamine stress echocardiography in patients undergoing evaluation for myocardial ischemia. Non-Cardiovascular Drugs. Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) have been reported to blunt the antihypertensive effect of beta-adrenoreceptor blocking agents. Administration of indomethacin with propranolol may reduce the efficacy of propranolol in reducing blood pressure and heart rate. Antidepressants. The hypotensive effects of MAO inhibitors or tricyclic antidepressants may be exacerbated when administered with beta-blockers by interfering with the beta blocking activity of propranolol. Anesthetic Agents. Methoxyflurane and trichloroethylene may depress myocardial contractility when administered with propranolol. Warfarin. Propranolol when administered with warfarin increases the concentration of warfarin. Prothrombin time, therefore, should be monitored. Neuroleptic Drugs. Hypotension and cardiac arrest have been reported with the concomitant use of propranolol and haloperidol. Thyroxine. Thyroxine may result in a lower than expected T3 concentration when used concomitantly with propranolol. Alcohol. Alcohol, when used concomitantly with propranolol, may increase plasma levels of propranolol. In dietary administration studies in which mice and rats were treated with propranolol hydrochloride for up to 18 months at doses of up to 150 mg/kg/day, there was no evidence of drug-related tumorigenesis. On a body surface area basis, this dose in the mouse and rat is, respectively, about equal to and about twice the maximum recommended human oral daily dose (MRHD) of 640 mg propranolol hydrochloride. In a study in which both male and female rats were exposed to propranolol hydrochloride in their diets at concentrations of up to 0.05% (about 50 mg/kg body weight and less than the MRHD), from 60 days prior to mating and throughout pregnancy and lactation for two generations, there were no effects on fertility. Based on differing results from Ames Tests performed by different laboratories, there is equivocal evidence for a genotoxic effect of propranolol hydrochloride in bacteria (S. typhimurium strain TA 1538). In a series of reproductive and developmental toxicology studies, propranolol hydrochloride was given to rats by gavage or in the diet throughout pregnancy and lactation. At doses of 150 mg/kg/day, but not at doses of 80 mg/kg/day (equivalent to the MRHD on a body surface area basis), treatment was associated with embryotoxicity (reduced litter size and increased resorption rates) as well as neonatal toxicity (deaths). Propranolol hydrochloride also was administered (in the feed) to rabbits (throughout pregnancy and lactation) at doses as high as 150 mg/kg/day (about 5 times the maximum recommended human oral daily dose). No evidence of embryo or neonatal toxicity was noted. There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Intrauterine growth retardation, small placentas, and congenital abnormalities have been reported in neonates whose mothers received propranolol during pregnancy. Neonates whose mothers received propranolol at parturition have exhibited bradycardia, hypoglycemia, and/or respiratory depression. Adequate facilities for monitoring such infants at birth should be available. Propranolol should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. Propranolol is excreted in human milk. Caution should be exercised when propranolol is administered to a nursing woman. Safety and effectiveness of propranolol in pediatric patients have not been established. Bronchospasm and congestive heart failure have been reported coincident with the administration of propranolol therapy in pediatric patients. Clinical studies of propranolol did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. Other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy. The following adverse events were observed and have been reported in patients using propranolol. Cardiovascular: Bradycardia; congestive heart failure; intensification of AV block; hypotension; paresthesia of hands; thrombocytopenic purpura; arterial insufficiency, usually of the Raynaud type. Central Nervous System: Light-headedness, mental depression manifested by insomnia, lassitude, weakness, fatigue; catatonia; visual disturbances; hallucinations; vivid dreams; an acute reversible syndrome characterized by disorientation for time and place, short-term memory loss, emotional lability, slightly clouded sensorium, and decreased performance on neuropsychometrics. For immediate-release formulations, fatigue, lethargy, and vivid dreams appear dose related. Gastrointestinal: Nausea, vomiting, epigastric distress, abdominal cramping, diarrhea, constipation, mesenteric arterial thrombosis, ischemic colitis. Allergic: Hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylactic/anaphylactoid reactions, pharyngitis and agranulocytosis; erythematous rash, fever combined with aching and sore throat; laryngospasm, and respiratory distress. Respiratory: Bronchospasm. Hematologic: Agranulocytosis, nonthrombocytopenic purpura, thrombocytopenic purpura. Autoimmune: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Skin and mucous membranes: Stevens-Johnson Syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, dry eyes, exfoliative dermatitis, erythema multiforme, urticaria, alopecia, SLE-like reactions, and psoriasiform rashes. Oculomucocutaneous syndrome involving the skin, serous membranes and conjunctivae reported for a beta blocker (practolol) have not been associated with propranolol. Genitourinary: Male impotence; Peyronie’s disease. Propranolol is not significantly dialyzable. In the event of overdosage or exaggerated response, the following measures should be employed. General: If ingestion is or may have been recent, evacuate gastric contents, taking care to prevent pulmonary aspiration. Supportive Therapy: Hypotension and bradycardia have been reported following propranolol overdose and should be treated appropriately. Glucagon can exert potent inotropic and chronotropic effects and may be particularly useful for the treatment of hypotension or depressed myocardial function after a propranolol overdose. Glucagon should be administered as 50-150 mcg/kg intravenously followed by continuous drip of 1-5 mg/hour for positive chronotropic effect. Isoproterenol, dopamine or phosphodiesterase inhibitors may also be useful. Epinephrine, however, may provoke uncontrolled hypertension. Bradycardia can be treated with atropine or isoproterenol. Serious bradycardia may require temporary cardiac pacing. The electrocardiogram, pulse, blood pressure, neurobehavioral status and intake and output balance must be monitored. Isoproterenol and aminophylline may be used for bronchospasm. General. Because of the variable bioavailability of propranolol, the dose should be individualized based on response. Hypertension. The usual initial dosage is 40 mg propranolol hydrochloride twice daily, whether used alone or added to a diuretic. Dosage may be increased gradually until adequate blood pressure control is achieved. The usual maintenance dosage is 120 mg to 240 mg per day. In some instances a dosage of 640 mg a day may be required. The time needed for full antihypertensive response to a given dosage is variable and may range from a few days to several weeks. While twice-daily dosing is effective and can maintain a reduction in blood pressure throughout the day, some patients, especially when lower doses are used, may experience a modest rise in blood pressure toward the end of the 12-hour dosing interval. This can be evaluated by measuring blood pressure near the end of the dosing interval to determine whether satisfactory control is being maintained throughout the day. If control is not adequate, a larger dose, or 3-times-daily therapy may achieve better control. Angina Pectoris. Total daily doses of 80 mg to 320 mg propranolol hydrochloride, when administered orally, twice a day, three times a day, or four times a day, have been shown to increase exercise tolerance and to reduce ischemic changes in the ECG. If treatment is to be discontinued, reduce dosage gradually over a period of several weeks. (See WARNINGS.). Atrial Fibrillation. The recommended dose is 10 mg to 30 mg propranolol hydrochloride three or four times daily before meals and at bedtime. Myocardial Infarction. In the Beta-Blocker Heart Attack Trial (BHAT), the initial dose was 40 mg t.i.d., with titration after 1 month to 60 mg to 80 mg t.i.d. as tolerated. The recommended daily dosage is 180 mg to 240 mg propranolol hydrochloride per day in divided doses. Although a t.i.d. regimen was used in BHAT and a q.i.d. regimen in the Norwegian Multicenter Trial, there is a reasonable basis for the use of either a t.i.d. or b.i.d. regimen (see PHARMACOKINETICS AND DRUG METABOLISM). The effectiveness and safety of daily dosages greater than 240 mg for prevention of cardiac mortality have not been established. However, higher dosages may be needed to effectively treat coexisting diseases such as angina or hypertension (see above). Migraine. The initial dose is 80 mg propranolol hydrochloride daily in divided doses. The usual effective dose range is 160 mg to 240 mg per day. The dosage may be increased gradually to achieve optimum migraine prophylaxis. If a satisfactory response is not obtained within four to six weeks after reaching the maximum dose, propranolol therapy should be discontinued. It may be advisable to withdraw the drug gradually over a period of several weeks. Essential Tremor. The initial dosage is 40 mg propranolol hydrochloride twice daily. Optimum reduction of essential tremor is usually achieved with a dose of 120 mg per day. Occasionally, it may be necessary to administer 240 mg to 320 mg per day. Hypertrophic Subaortic Stenosis. The usual dosage is 20 mg to 40 mg propranolol hydrochloride three or four times daily before meals and at bedtime. Pheochromocytoma. The usual dosage is 60 mg propranolol hydrochloride daily in divided doses for three days prior to surgery as adjunctive therapy to alpha-adrenergic blockade. For the management of inoperable tumors, the usual dosage is 30 mg daily in divided doses as adjunctive therapy to alpha-adrenergic blockade. Propranolol Hydrochloride Tablets USP 10 mg are 9/32", scored, round, orange tablets imprinted DAN 5554 and 10 supplied in bottles of 100 and 1000. Propranolol Hydrochloride Tablets USP 20 mg are 9/32", scored, round, blue tablets imprinted DAN 5555 and 20 supplied in bottles of 100 and 1000. Propranolol Hydrochloride Tablets USP 40 mg are 11/32", scored, round, green tablets imprinted DAN 5556 and 40 supplied in bottles of 100 and 1000. Propranolol Hydrochloride Tablets USP 80 mg are 12/32", scored, round, yellow tablets imprinted DAN 5557 and 80 supplied in bottles of 100 and 500. Dispense in a well-closed, light-resistant container with child-resistant closure. Store at 20°-25°C (68°-77°F). [See USP controlled room temperature.] Protect from light. Manufactured By:Watson Pharma Private LimitedVerna, Salcette Goa 403 722 INDIA. Distributed By:Watson Pharma, Inc.Corona, CA 92880 USA. Revised: March 2009                                  0309B                                                                      184018.</Description>
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    <PackageDescription>60 TABLET in 1 BOTTLE, PLASTIC (16590-808-60)</PackageDescription>
    <NDC11Code>16590-0808-60</NDC11Code>
    <ProductNDC>16590-808</ProductNDC>
    <ProductTypeName>HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG</ProductTypeName>
    <ProprietaryName>Propranolol</ProprietaryName>
    <NonProprietaryName>Propranolol Hydrochloride</NonProprietaryName>
    <DosageFormName>TABLET</DosageFormName>
    <RouteName>ORAL</RouteName>
    <StartMarketingDate>19860101</StartMarketingDate>
    <MarketingCategoryName>ANDA</MarketingCategoryName>
    <ApplicationNumber>ANDA070175</ApplicationNumber>
    <LabelerName>STAT RX USA LLC</LabelerName>
    <SubstanceName>PROPRANOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE</SubstanceName>
    <StrengthNumber>10</StrengthNumber>
    <StrengthUnit>mg/1</StrengthUnit>
    <Pharm_Classes>Adrenergic beta-Antagonists [MoA],beta-Adrenergic Blocker [EPC]</Pharm_Classes>
    <Status>Deprecated</Status>
    <LastUpdate>2018-02-07</LastUpdate>
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    <Description>Propranolol hydrochloride is a synthetic beta-adrenergic receptor blocking agent chemically described as (±)-1-(Isopropylamino)-3-(1-naphthyloxy)-2- propanol hydrochloride. Its structural formula is.      STRUCTURE IMAGE. Propranolol hydrochloride is a stable, white crystalline solid which is readily soluble in water and ethanol. Propranolol hydrochloride is available as 10 mg, 20 mg, 40 mg and 80 mg tablets for oral administration. Propranolol Hydrochloride Tablets USP 10 mg, 20 mg, 40 mg, and 80 mg contain the following inactive ingredients: anhydrous lactose, colloidal silicon dioxide, croscarmellose sodium, D and C Yellow No. 10, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose and stearic acid. Propranolol Hydrochloride Tablets USP 10 mg and 80 mg also contain FD and C Yellow No. 6. Propranolol Hydrochloride Tablets USP 20 mg and 40 mg also contain FD and C Blue No. 1. Propranolol is a nonselective beta-adrenergic receptor blocking agent possessing no other autonomic nervous system activity. It specifically competes with beta-adrenergic receptor agonist agents for available receptor sites. When access to beta-receptor sites is blocked by propranolol, the chronotropic, inotropic, and vasodilator responses to beta-adrenergic stimulation are decreased proportionately. At dosages greater than required for beta blockade, propranolol also exerts a quinidine-like or anesthetic-like membrane action, which affects the cardiac action potential. The significance of the membrane action in the treatment of arrhythmias is uncertain. The mechanism of the antihypertensive effect of propranolol has not been established. Factors that may contribute to the antihypertensive action include: (1) decreased cardiac output, (2) inhibition of renin release by the kidneys, and (3) diminution of tonic sympathetic nerve outflow from vasomotor centers in the brain. Although total peripheral resistance may increase initially, it readjusts to or below the pretreatment level with chronic use of propranolol. Effects of propranolol on plasma volume appear to be minor and somewhat variable. In angina pectoris, propranolol generally reduces the oxygen requirement of the heart at any given level of effort by blocking the catecholamine-induced increases in the heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and the velocity and extent of myocardial contraction. Propranolol may increase oxygen requirements by increasing left ventricular fiber length, end diastolic pressure, and systolic ejection period. The net physiologic effect of betaadrenergic blockade is usually advantageous and is manifested during exercise by delayed onset of pain and increased work capacity. Propranolol exerts its antiarrhythmic effects in concentrations associated with beta-adrenergic blockade, and this appears to be its principal antiarrhythmic mechanism of action. In dosages greater than required for beta blockade, propranolol also exerts a quinidine-like or anesthetic-like membrane action, which affects the cardiac action potential. The significance of the membrane action in the treatment of arrhythmias is uncertain. The mechanism of the antimigraine effect of propranolol has not been established. Beta-adrenergic receptors have been demonstrated in the pial vessels of the brain. The specific mechanism of propranolol’s antitremor effects has not been established, but beta-2 (noncardiac) receptors may be involved. A central effect is also possible. Clinical studies have demonstrated that propranolol is of benefit in exaggerated physiological and essential (familial) tremor. Propranolol is highly lipophilic and almost completely absorbed after oral administration. However, it undergoes high first-pass metabolism by the liver and on average, only about 25% of propranolol reaches the systemic circulation. Peak plasma concentrations occur about 1 to 4 hours after an oral dose. Administration of protein-rich foods increase the bioavailability of propranolol by about 50% with no change in time to peak concentration, plasma binding, half-life, or the amount of unchanged drug in the urine. Approximately 90% of circulating propranolol is bound to plasma proteins (albumin and alpha1 acid glycoprotein). The binding is enantiomer-selective. The S(-)-enantiomer is preferentially bound to alpha1 glycoprotein and the R(+)-enantiomer preferentially bound to albumin. The volume of distribution of propranolol is approximately 4 liters/kg. Propranolol crosses the blood-brain barrier and the placenta, and is distributed into breast milk. Propranolol is extensively metabolized with most metabolites appearing in the urine. Propranolol is metabolized through three primary routes: aromatic hydroxylation (mainly 4-hydroxylation), N-dealkylation followed by further side-chain oxidation, and direct glucuronidation. It has been estimated that the percentage contributions of these routes to total metabolism are 42%, 41% and 17%, respectively, but with considerable variability between individuals. The four major metabolites are propranolol glucuronide, naphthyloxylactic acid and glucuronic acid, and sulfate conjugates of 4-hydroxy propranolol. In vitro studies have indicated that the aromatic hydroxylation of propranolol is catalyzed mainly by polymorphic CYP2D6. Side-chain oxidation is mediated mainly by CYP1A2 and to some extent by CYP2D6. 4-hydroxy propranolol is a weak inhibitor of CYP2D6. Propranolol is also a substrate of CYP2C19 and a substrate for the intestinal efflux transporter, p-glycoprotein (p-gp). Studies suggest however that p-gp is not dose-limiting for intestinal absorption of propranolol in the usual therapeutic dose range. In healthy subjects, no difference was observed between CYP2D6 extensive metabolizers (EMs) and poor metabolizers (PMs) with respect to oral clearance or elimination half-life. Partial clearance of 4-hydroxy propranolol was significantly higher and of naphthyloxyactic acid significantly lower in EMs than PMs. The plasma half-life of propranolol is from 3 to 6 hours. Propranolol is a racemic mixture of two enantiomers, R(+) and S(-). The S(-)-enantiomer is approximately 100 times as potent as the R(+)- enantiomer in blocking beta adrenergic receptors. In normal subjects receiving oral doses of racemic propranolol, S(-)-enantiomer concentrations exceeded those of the R(+)-enantiomer by 40-90% as a result of stereoselective hepatic metabolism. Clearance of the pharmacologically active S(-)-propranolol is lower than R(+)-propranolol after intravenous and oral doses. Geriatric. In a study of 12 elderly (62-79 years old) and 12 young (25-33 years old) healthy subjects, the clearance of S(-)-enantiomer of propranolol was decreased in the elderly. Additionally, the half-life of both the R(+)- and S(-)- propranolol were prolonged in the elderly compared with the young (11 hours vs. 5 hours). Clearance of propranolol is reduced with aging due to decline in oxidation capacity (ring oxidation and side-chain oxidation). Conjugation capacity remains unchanged. In a study of 32 patients age 30 to 84 years given a single 20-mg dose of propranolol, an inverse correlation was found between age and the partial metabolic clearances to 4-hydroxypropranolol (40HP-ring oxidation) and to naphthoxylactic acid (NLA-side chain oxidation). No correlation was found between age and the partial metabolic clearance to propranolol glucuronide (PPLG-conjugation). Gender. In a study of 9 healthy women and 12 healthy men, neither the administration of testosterone nor the regular course of the menstrual cycle affected the plasma binding of the propranolol enantiomers. In contrast, there was a significant, although non-enantioselective diminution of the binding of propranolol after treatment with ethinyl estradiol. These findings are inconsistent with another study, in which administration of testosterone cypionate confirmed the stimulatory role of this hormone on propranolol metabolism and concluded that the clearance of propranolol in men is dependent on circulating concentrations of testosterone. In women, none of the metabolic clearances for propranolol showed any significant association with either estradiol or testosterone. Race. A study conducted in 12 Caucasian and 13 African-American male subjects taking propranolol, showed that at steady state, the clearance of R(+)- and S(-)-propranolol were about 76% and 53% higher in African-Americans than in Caucasians, respectively. Chinese subjects had a greater proportion (18% to 45% higher) of unbound propranolol in plasma compared to Caucasians, which was associated with a lower plasma concentration of alpha1 acid glycoprotein. Renal Insufficiency. In a study conducted in 5 patients with chronic renal failure, 6 patients on regular dialysis, and 5 healthy subjects, who received a single oral dose of 40 mg of propranolol, the peak plasma concentrations (Cmax) of propranolol in the chronic renal failure group were 2 to 3-fold higher (161±41 ng/mL) than those observed in the dialysis patients (47±9 ng/mL) and in the healthy subjects (26±1 ng/mL). Propranolol plasma clearance was also reduced in the patients with chronic renal failure. Studies have reported a delayed absorption rate and a reduced half-life of propranolol in patients with renal failure of varying severity. Despite this shorter plasma half-life, propranolol peak plasma levels were 3-4 times higher and total plasma levels of metabolites were up to 3 times higher in these patients than in subjects with normal renal function. Chronic renal failure has been associated with a decrease in drug metabolism via down regulation of hepatic cytochrome P450 activity resulting in a lower “first-pass” clearance. Propranolol is not significantly dialyzable. Hepatic Insufficiency. Propranolol is extensively metabolized by the liver. In a study conducted in 7 patients with cirrhosis and 9 healthy subjects receiving 80-mg oral propranolol every 8 hours for 7 doses, the steady-state unbound propranolol concentration in patients with cirrhosis was increased 3-fold in comparison to controls. In cirrhosis, the half-life increased to 11 hours compared to 4 hours (see PRECAUTIONS). Interactions with Substrates, Inhibitors or Inducers of Cytochrome P-450 Enzymes. Because propranolol’s metabolism involves multiple pathways in the cytochrome P-450 system (CYP2D6, 1A2, 2C19), co-administration with drugs that are metabolized by, or effect the activity (induction or inhibition) of one or more of these pathways may lead to clinically relevant drug interactions (see Drug Interactions under PRECAUTIONS). Substrates or Inhibitors of CYP2D6. Blood levels and/or toxicity of propranolol may be increased by coadministration with substrates or inhibitors of CYP2D6, such as amiodarone, cimetidine, delavudin, fluoxetine, paroxetine, quinidine, and ritonavir. No interactions were observed with either ranitidine or lansoprazole. Substrates or Inhibitors of CYP1A2. Blood levels and/or toxicity of propranolol may be increased by coadministration with substrates or inhibitors of CYP1A2, such as imipramine, cimetidine, ciprofloxacin, fluvoxamine, isoniazid, ritonavir, theophylline, zileuton, zolmitriptan, and rizatriptan. Substrates or Inhibitors of CYP2C19. Blood levels and or toxicity of propranolol may be increased by coadministration with substrates or inhibitors of CYP2C19, such as fluconazole, cimetidine, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, teniposide, and tolbutamide. No interaction was observed with omeprazole. Inducers of Hepatic Drug Metabolism. Blood levels of propranolol may be decreased by co-administration with inducers such as rifampin, ethanol, phenytoin, and phenobarbital. Cigarette smoking also induces hepatic metabolism and has been shown to increase up to 77% the clearance of propranolol, resulting in decreased plasma concentrations. Cardiovascular Drugs. Antiarrhythmics. The AUC of propafenone is increased by more than 200% by co-administration of propranolol. The metabolism of propranolol is reduced by co-administration of quinidine, leading to a two-three fold increased blood concentration and greater degrees of clinical beta-blockade. The metabolism of lidocaine is inhibited by co-administration of propranolol, resulting in a 25% increase in lidocaine concentrations. Calcium Channel Blockers. The mean Cmax and AUC of propranolol are increased respectively, by 50% and 30% by co-administration of nisoldipine and by 80% and 47%, by coadministration of nicardipine. The mean Cmax and AUC of nifedipine are increased by 64% and 79%, respectively, by co-administration of propranolol. Propranolol does not affect the pharmacokinetics of verapamil and norverapamil. Verapamil does not affect the pharmacokinetics of propranolol. Non-Cardiovascular Drugs. Migraine Drugs. Administration of zolmitriptan or rizatriptan with propranolol resulted in increased concentrations of zolmitriptan (AUC increased by 56% and Cmax by 37%) or rizatriptan (the AUC and Cmax were increased by 67% and 75%, respectively). Theophylline. Co-administration of theophylline with propranolol decreases theophylline oral clearance by 30% to 52%. Benzodiazepines. Propranolol can inhibit the metabolism of diazepam, resulting in increased concentrations of diazepam and its metabolites. Diazepam does not alter the pharmacokinetics of propranolol. The pharmacokinetics of oxazepam, triazolam, lorazepam, and alprazolam are not affected by co-administration of propranolol. Neuroleptic Drugs. Co-administration of long-acting propranolol at doses greater than or equal to 160 mg/day resulted in increased thioridazine plasma concentrations ranging from 55% to 369% and increased thioridazine metabolite (mesoridazine) concentrations ranging from 33% to 209%. Co-administration of chlorpromazine with propranolol resulted in a 70% increase in propranolol plasma level. Anti-Ulcer Drugs. Co-administration of propranolol with cimetidine, a non-specific CYP450 inhibitor, increased propranolol AUC and Cmax by 46% and 35%, respectively. Co-administration with aluminum hydroxide gel (1200 mg) may result in a decrease in propranolol concentrations. Co-administration of metoclopramide with the long-acting propranolol did not have a significant effect on propranolol’s pharmacokinetics. Lipid Lowering Drugs. Co-administration of cholestyramine or colestipol with propranolol resulted in up to 50% decrease in propranolol concentrations. Co-administration of propranolol with lovastatin or pravastatin, decreased 18% to 23% the AUC of both, but did not alter their pharmacodynamics. Propranolol did not have an effect on the pharmacokinetics of fluvastatin. Warfarin. Concomitant administration of propranolol and warfarin has been shown to increase warfarin bioavailability and increase prothrombin time. Alcohol. Concomitant use of alcohol may increase plasma levels of propranolol. In a retrospective, uncontrolled study, 107 patients with diastolic blood pressure 110 to 150 mmHg received propranolol 120 mg t.i.d. for at least 6 months, in addition to diuretics and potassium, but with no other antihypertensive agent. Propranolol contributed to control of diastolic blood pressure, but the magnitude of the effect of propranolol on blood pressure cannot be ascertained. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 32 patients of both sexes, aged 32 to 69 years, with stable angina, propranolol 100 mg t.i.d. was administered for 4 weeks and shown to be more effective than placebo in reducing the rate of angina episodes and in prolonging total exercise time. In a report examining the long-term (5-22 months) efficacy of propranolol, 10 patients, aged 27 to 80, with atrial fibrillation and ventricular rate greater than120 beats per minute despite digitalis, received propranolol up to 30 mg t.i.d. Seven patients (70%) achieved ventricular rate reduction to less than 100 beats per minute. The Beta-Blocker Heart Attack Trial (BHAT) was a National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute-sponsored multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebocontrolled trial conducted in 31 U.S. centers (plus one in Canada) in 3,837 persons without history of severe congestive heart failure or presence of recent heart failure; certain conduction defects; angina since infarction, who had survived the acute phase of myocardial infarction. Propranolol was administered at either 60 or 80 mg t.i.d. based on blood levels achieved during an initial trial of 40 mg t.i.d. Therapy with propranolol, begun 5 to 21 days following infarction, was shown to reduce overall mortality up to 39 months, the longest period of follow-up. This was primarily attributable to a reduction in cardiovascular mortality. The protective effect of propranolol was consistent regardless of age, sex, or site of infarction. Compared with placebo, total mortality was reduced 39% at 12 months and 26% over an average follow-up period of 25 months. The Norwegian Multicenter Trial in which propranolol was administered at 40 mg q.i.d. gave overall results which support the findings in the BHAT. Although the clinical trials used either t.i.d. or q.i.d. dosing, clinical, pharmacologic, and pharmacokinetic data provide a reasonable basis for concluding that b.i.d. dosing with propranolol should be adequate in the treatment of postinfarction patients. In a 34-week, placebo-controlled, 4-period, dose-finding crossover study with a double-blind randomized treatment sequence, 62 patients with migraine received propranolol 20 to 80 mg 3 or 4 times daily. The headache unit index, a composite of the number of days with headache and the associated severity of the headache, was significantly reduced for patients receiving propranolol as compared to those on placebo. In a 2 week, double-blind, parallel, placebo-controlled study of 9 patients with essential or familial tremor, propranolol, at a dose titrated as needed from 40-80 mg t.i.d. reduced tremor severity compared to placebo. In an uncontrolled series of 13 patients with New York Heart Association (NYHA) class 2 or 3 symptoms and hypertrophic subaortic stenosis diagnosed at cardiac catheterization, oral propranolol 40-80 mg t.i.d. was administered and patients were followed for up to 17 months. Propranolol was associated with improved NYHA class for most patients. In an uncontrolled series of 3 patients with norepinephrine-secreting pheochromocytoma who were pretreated with an alpha adrenergic blocker (prazosin), perioperative use of propranolol at doses of 40-80 mg t.i.d. resulted in symptomatic blood pressure control. Hypertension. Propranolol hydrochloride tablets are indicated in the management of hypertension. It may be used alone or used in combination with other antihypertensive agents, particularly a thiazide diuretic. Propranolol hydrochloride is not indicated in the management of hypertensive emergencies. Angina Pectoris Due to Coronary Atherosclerosis. Propranolol hydrochloride tablets are indicated to decrease angina frequency and increase exercise tolerance in patients with angina pectoris. Atrial Fibrillation. Propranolol hydrochloride tablets are indicated to control ventricular rate in patients with atrial fibrillation and a rapid ventricular response. Myocardial Infarction. Propranolol is indicated to reduce cardiovascular mortality in patients who have survived the acute phase of myocardial infarction and are clinically stable. Migraine. Propranolol is indicated for the prophylaxis of common migraine headache. The efficacy of propranolol in the treatment of a migraine attack that has started has not been established, and propranolol is not indicated for such use. Essential Tremor. Propranolol is indicated in the management of familial or hereditary essential tremor. Familial or essential tremor consists of involuntary, rhythmic, oscillatory movements, usually limited to the upper limbs. It is absent at rest but occurs when the limb is held in a fixed posture or position against gravity and during active movement. Propranolol causes a reduction in the tremor amplitude but not in the tremor frequency. Propranolol is not indicated for the treatment of tremor associated with Parkinsonism. Hypertrophic Subaortic Stenosis. Propranolol improves NYHA functional class in symptomatic patients with hypertrophic subaortic stenosis. Pheochromocytoma. Propranolol is indicated as an adjunct to alpha-adrenergic blockade to control blood pressure and reduce symptoms of catecholamine-secreting tumors. Propranolol is contraindicated in 1) cardiogenic shock; 2) sinus bradycardia and greater than first degree block; 3) bronchial asthma; and 4) in patients with known hypersensitivity to propranolol hydrochloride. Angina Pectoris. There have been reports of exacerbation of angina and, in some cases, myocardial infarction, following abrupt discontinuance of propranolol therapy. Therefore, when discontinuance of propranolol is planned, the dosage should be gradually reduced over at least a few weeks and the patient should be cautioned against interruption or cessation of therapy without the physician’s advice. If propranolol therapy is interrupted and exacerbation of angina occurs, it usually is advisable to reinstitute propranolol therapy and take other measures appropriate for the management of angina pectoris. Since coronary artery disease may be unrecognized, it may be prudent to follow the above advice in patients considered at risk of having occult atherosclerotic heart disease who are given propranolol for other indications. Hypersensitivity and Skin Reactions. Hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylactic/anaphylactoid reactions, have been associated with the administration of propranolol (see ADVERSE REACTIONS). Cutaneous reactions, including Stevens-Johnson Syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, exfoliative dermatitis, erythema multiforme, and urticaria, have been reported with use of propranolol (see ADVERSE REACTIONS). Cardiac Failure. Sympathetic stimulation may be a vital component supporting circulatory function in patients with congestive heart failure, and its inhibition by beta blockade may precipitate more severe failure. Although beta blockers should be avoided in overt congestive heart failure, some have been shown to be highly beneficial when used with close follow-up in patients with a history of failure who are well compensated and are receiving additional therapies, including diuretics as needed. Beta-adrenergic blocking agents do not abolish the inotropic action of digitalis on heart muscle. In Patients without a History of Heart Failure, continued use of beta blockers can, in some cases, lead to cardiac failure. Nonallergic Bronchospasm (e.g., Chronic Bronchitis, Emphysema). In general, patients with bronchospastic lung disease should not receive beta blockers. Propranolol should be administered with caution in this setting since it may provoke a bronchial asthmatic attack by blocking bronchodilation produced by endogenous and exogenous catecholamine stimulation of beta-receptors. Major Surgery. The necessity or desirability of withdrawal of beta-blocking therapy prior to major surgery is controversial. It should be noted, however, that the impaired ability of the heart to respond to reflex adrenergic stimuli in propranololtreated patients may augment the risks of general anesthesia and surgical procedures. Propranolol is a competitive inhibitor of beta-receptor agonists, and its effects can be reversed by administration of such agents, e.g., dobutamine or isoproterenol. However, such patients may be subject to protracted severe hypotension. Diabetes and Hypoglycemia. Beta-adrenergic blockade may prevent the appearance of certain premonitory signs and symptoms (pulse rate and pressure changes) of acute hypoglycemia, especially in labile insulin-dependent diabetics. In these patients, it may be more difficult to adjust the dosage of insulin. Propranolol therapy, particularly when given to infants and children, diabetic or not, has been associated with hypoglycemia especially during fasting as in preparation for surgery. Hypoglycemia has been reported in patients taking propranolol after prolonged physical exertion and in patients with renal insufficiency. Thyrotoxicosis. Beta-adrenergic blockade may mask certain clinical signs of hyperthyroidism. Therefore, abrupt withdrawal of propranolol may be followed by an exacerbation of symptoms of hyperthyroidism, including thyroid storm. Propranolol may change thyroid-function tests, increasing T4 and reverse T3 and decreasing T3. Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome. Beta-adrenergic blockade in patients with Wolf-Parkinson-White Syndrome and tachycardia has been associated with severe bradycardia requiring treatment with a pacemaker. In one case, this result was reported after an initial dose of 5 mg propranolol. Pheochromocytoma. Blocking only the peripheral dilator (beta) action of epinephrine with propranolol leaves its constrictor (alpha) action unopposed. In the event of hemorrhage or shock, there is a disadvantage in having both beta and alpha blockade since the combination prevents the increase in heart rate and peripheral vasoconstriction needed to maintain blood pressure. Propranolol should be used with caution in patients with impaired hepatic or renal function. Propranolol is not indicated for the treatment of hypertensive emergencies. Beta-adrenergic receptor blockade can cause reduction of intraocular pressure. Patients should be told that propranolol may interfere with the glaucoma screening test. Withdrawal may lead to a return of increased intraocular pressure. While taking beta blockers, patients with a history of severe anaphylactic reaction to a variety of allergens may be more reactive to repeated challenge, either accidental, diagnostic, or therapeutic. Such patients may be unresponsive to the usual doses of epinephrine used to treat allergic reaction. In patients with hypertension, use of propranolol has been associated with elevated levels of serum potassium, serum transaminases and alkaline phosphatase. In severe heart failure, the use of propranolol has been associated with increases in Blood Urea Nitrogen. Caution should be exercised when propranolol is administered with drugs that have an effect on CYP2D6, 1A2, or 2C19 metabolic pathways. Coadministration of such drugs with propranolol may lead to clinically relevant drug interactions and changes on its efficacy and/or toxicity (see Drug Interactions in PHARMACOKINETICS AND DRUG METABOLISM). Cardiovascular Drugs. Antiarrhythmics. Propafenone has negative inotropic and beta-blocking properties that can be additive to those of propranolol. Quinidine increases the concentration of propranolol and produces greater degrees of clinical beta-blockade and may cause postural hypotension. Amiodarone is an antiarrhythmic agent with negative chronotropic properties that may be additive to those seen with β-blockers such as propranolol. The clearance of lidocaine is reduced with administration of propranolol. Lidocaine toxicity has been reported following co-administration with propranolol. Caution should be exercised when administering propranolol with drugs that slow A-V nodal conduction, e.g. lidocaine and calcium channel blockers. Digitalis Glycosides. Both digitalis glycosides and beta-blockers slow atrioventricular conduction and decrease heartrate. Concomitant use can increase the risk of bradycardia. Calcium Channel Blockers. Caution should be exercised when patients receiving a beta blocker are administered a calcium-channel-blocking drug with negative inotropic and/or chronotropic effects. Both agents may depress myocardial contractility or atrioventricular conduction. There have been reports of significant bradycardia, heart failure, and cardiovascular collapse with concurrent use of verapamil and beta-blockers. Co-administration of propranolol and diltiazem in patients with cardiac disease has been associated with bradycardia, hypotension, high degree heart block, and heart failure. ACE Inhibitors. When combined with beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors can cause hypotension, particularly in the setting of acute myocardial infarction. The antihypertensive effects of clonidine may be antagonized by betablockers. Propranolol should be administered cautiously to patients withdrawing from clonidine. Alpha Blockers. Prazosin has been associated with prolongation of first dose hypotension in the presence of beta-blockers. Postural hypotension has been reported in patients taking both beta-blockers and terazosin or doxazosin. Reserpine. Patients receiving catecholamine-depleting drugs, such as reserpine, should be closely observed for excessive reduction of resting sympathetic nervous activity, which may result in hypotension, marked bradycardia, vertigo, syncopal attacks, or orthostatic hypotension. Inotropic Agents. Patients on long term therapy with propranolol may experience uncontrolled hypertension if administered epinephrine as a consequence of unopposed alpha-receptor stimulation. Epinephrine is therefore not indicated in the treatment of propranolol overdose (see OVERDOSAGE). Isoproterenol and Dobutamine. Propranolol is a competitive inhibitor of beta-receptor agonists, and its effects can be reversed by administration of such agents, e.g., dobutamine or isoproterenol. Also, propranolol may reduce sensitivity to dobutamine stress echocardiography in patients undergoing evaluation for myocardial ischemia. Non-Cardiovascular Drugs. Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) have been reported to blunt the antihypertensive effect of beta-adrenoreceptor blocking agents. Administration of indomethacin with propranolol may reduce the efficacy of propranolol in reducing blood pressure and heart rate. Antidepressants. The hypotensive effects of MAO inhibitors or tricyclic antidepressants may be exacerbated when administered with beta-blockers by interfering with the beta blocking activity of propranolol. Anesthetic Agents. Methoxyflurane and trichloroethylene may depress myocardial contractility when administered with propranolol. Warfarin. Propranolol when administered with warfarin increases the concentration of warfarin. Prothrombin time, therefore, should be monitored. Neuroleptic Drugs. Hypotension and cardiac arrest have been reported with the concomitant use of propranolol and haloperidol. Thyroxine. Thyroxine may result in a lower than expected T3 concentration when used concomitantly with propranolol. Alcohol. Alcohol, when used concomitantly with propranolol, may increase plasma levels of propranolol. In dietary administration studies in which mice and rats were treated with propranolol hydrochloride for up to 18 months at doses of up to 150 mg/kg/day, there was no evidence of drug-related tumorigenesis. On a body surface area basis, this dose in the mouse and rat is, respectively, about equal to and about twice the maximum recommended human oral daily dose (MRHD) of 640 mg propranolol hydrochloride. In a study in which both male and female rats were exposed to propranolol hydrochloride in their diets at concentrations of up to 0.05% (about 50 mg/kg body weight and less than the MRHD), from 60 days prior to mating and throughout pregnancy and lactation for two generations, there were no effects on fertility. Based on differing results from Ames Tests performed by different laboratories, there is equivocal evidence for a genotoxic effect of propranolol hydrochloride in bacteria (S. typhimurium strain TA 1538). In a series of reproductive and developmental toxicology studies, propranolol hydrochloride was given to rats by gavage or in the diet throughout pregnancy and lactation. At doses of 150 mg/kg/day, but not at doses of 80 mg/kg/day (equivalent to the MRHD on a body surface area basis), treatment was associated with embryotoxicity (reduced litter size and increased resorption rates) as well as neonatal toxicity (deaths). Propranolol hydrochloride also was administered (in the feed) to rabbits (throughout pregnancy and lactation) at doses as high as 150 mg/kg/day (about 5 times the maximum recommended human oral daily dose). No evidence of embryo or neonatal toxicity was noted. There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Intrauterine growth retardation, small placentas, and congenital abnormalities have been reported in neonates whose mothers received propranolol during pregnancy. Neonates whose mothers received propranolol at parturition have exhibited bradycardia, hypoglycemia, and/or respiratory depression. Adequate facilities for monitoring such infants at birth should be available. Propranolol should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. Propranolol is excreted in human milk. Caution should be exercised when propranolol is administered to a nursing woman. Safety and effectiveness of propranolol in pediatric patients have not been established. Bronchospasm and congestive heart failure have been reported coincident with the administration of propranolol therapy in pediatric patients. Clinical studies of propranolol did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. Other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy. The following adverse events were observed and have been reported in patients using propranolol. Cardiovascular: Bradycardia; congestive heart failure; intensification of AV block; hypotension; paresthesia of hands; thrombocytopenic purpura; arterial insufficiency, usually of the Raynaud type. Central Nervous System: Light-headedness, mental depression manifested by insomnia, lassitude, weakness, fatigue; catatonia; visual disturbances; hallucinations; vivid dreams; an acute reversible syndrome characterized by disorientation for time and place, short-term memory loss, emotional lability, slightly clouded sensorium, and decreased performance on neuropsychometrics. For immediate-release formulations, fatigue, lethargy, and vivid dreams appear dose related. Gastrointestinal: Nausea, vomiting, epigastric distress, abdominal cramping, diarrhea, constipation, mesenteric arterial thrombosis, ischemic colitis. Allergic: Hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylactic/anaphylactoid reactions, pharyngitis and agranulocytosis; erythematous rash, fever combined with aching and sore throat; laryngospasm, and respiratory distress. Respiratory: Bronchospasm. Hematologic: Agranulocytosis, nonthrombocytopenic purpura, thrombocytopenic purpura. Autoimmune: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Skin and mucous membranes: Stevens-Johnson Syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, dry eyes, exfoliative dermatitis, erythema multiforme, urticaria, alopecia, SLE-like reactions, and psoriasiform rashes. Oculomucocutaneous syndrome involving the skin, serous membranes and conjunctivae reported for a beta blocker (practolol) have not been associated with propranolol. Genitourinary: Male impotence; Peyronie’s disease. Propranolol is not significantly dialyzable. In the event of overdosage or exaggerated response, the following measures should be employed. General: If ingestion is or may have been recent, evacuate gastric contents, taking care to prevent pulmonary aspiration. Supportive Therapy: Hypotension and bradycardia have been reported following propranolol overdose and should be treated appropriately. Glucagon can exert potent inotropic and chronotropic effects and may be particularly useful for the treatment of hypotension or depressed myocardial function after a propranolol overdose. Glucagon should be administered as 50-150 mcg/kg intravenously followed by continuous drip of 1-5 mg/hour for positive chronotropic effect. Isoproterenol, dopamine or phosphodiesterase inhibitors may also be useful. Epinephrine, however, may provoke uncontrolled hypertension. Bradycardia can be treated with atropine or isoproterenol. Serious bradycardia may require temporary cardiac pacing. The electrocardiogram, pulse, blood pressure, neurobehavioral status and intake and output balance must be monitored. Isoproterenol and aminophylline may be used for bronchospasm. General. Because of the variable bioavailability of propranolol, the dose should be individualized based on response. Hypertension. The usual initial dosage is 40 mg propranolol hydrochloride twice daily, whether used alone or added to a diuretic. Dosage may be increased gradually until adequate blood pressure control is achieved. The usual maintenance dosage is 120 mg to 240 mg per day. In some instances a dosage of 640 mg a day may be required. The time needed for full antihypertensive response to a given dosage is variable and may range from a few days to several weeks. While twice-daily dosing is effective and can maintain a reduction in blood pressure throughout the day, some patients, especially when lower doses are used, may experience a modest rise in blood pressure toward the end of the 12-hour dosing interval. This can be evaluated by measuring blood pressure near the end of the dosing interval to determine whether satisfactory control is being maintained throughout the day. If control is not adequate, a larger dose, or 3-times-daily therapy may achieve better control. Angina Pectoris. Total daily doses of 80 mg to 320 mg propranolol hydrochloride, when administered orally, twice a day, three times a day, or four times a day, have been shown to increase exercise tolerance and to reduce ischemic changes in the ECG. If treatment is to be discontinued, reduce dosage gradually over a period of several weeks. (See WARNINGS.). Atrial Fibrillation. The recommended dose is 10 mg to 30 mg propranolol hydrochloride three or four times daily before meals and at bedtime. Myocardial Infarction. In the Beta-Blocker Heart Attack Trial (BHAT), the initial dose was 40 mg t.i.d., with titration after 1 month to 60 mg to 80 mg t.i.d. as tolerated. The recommended daily dosage is 180 mg to 240 mg propranolol hydrochloride per day in divided doses. Although a t.i.d. regimen was used in BHAT and a q.i.d. regimen in the Norwegian Multicenter Trial, there is a reasonable basis for the use of either a t.i.d. or b.i.d. regimen (see PHARMACOKINETICS AND DRUG METABOLISM). The effectiveness and safety of daily dosages greater than 240 mg for prevention of cardiac mortality have not been established. However, higher dosages may be needed to effectively treat coexisting diseases such as angina or hypertension (see above). Migraine. The initial dose is 80 mg propranolol hydrochloride daily in divided doses. The usual effective dose range is 160 mg to 240 mg per day. The dosage may be increased gradually to achieve optimum migraine prophylaxis. If a satisfactory response is not obtained within four to six weeks after reaching the maximum dose, propranolol therapy should be discontinued. It may be advisable to withdraw the drug gradually over a period of several weeks. Essential Tremor. The initial dosage is 40 mg propranolol hydrochloride twice daily. Optimum reduction of essential tremor is usually achieved with a dose of 120 mg per day. Occasionally, it may be necessary to administer 240 mg to 320 mg per day. Hypertrophic Subaortic Stenosis. The usual dosage is 20 mg to 40 mg propranolol hydrochloride three or four times daily before meals and at bedtime. Pheochromocytoma. The usual dosage is 60 mg propranolol hydrochloride daily in divided doses for three days prior to surgery as adjunctive therapy to alpha-adrenergic blockade. For the management of inoperable tumors, the usual dosage is 30 mg daily in divided doses as adjunctive therapy to alpha-adrenergic blockade. Propranolol Hydrochloride Tablets USP 10 mg are 9/32", scored, round, orange tablets imprinted DAN 5554 and 10 supplied in bottles of 100 and 1000. Propranolol Hydrochloride Tablets USP 20 mg are 9/32", scored, round, blue tablets imprinted DAN 5555 and 20 supplied in bottles of 100 and 1000. Propranolol Hydrochloride Tablets USP 40 mg are 11/32", scored, round, green tablets imprinted DAN 5556 and 40 supplied in bottles of 100 and 1000. Propranolol Hydrochloride Tablets USP 80 mg are 12/32", scored, round, yellow tablets imprinted DAN 5557 and 80 supplied in bottles of 100 and 500. Dispense in a well-closed, light-resistant container with child-resistant closure. Store at 20°-25°C (68°-77°F). [See USP controlled room temperature.] Protect from light. Manufactured By:Watson Pharma Private LimitedVerna, Salcette Goa 403 722 INDIA. Distributed By:Watson Pharma, Inc.Corona, CA 92880 USA. Revised: March 2009                                  0309B                                                                      184018.</Description>
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    <StartMarketingDate>19860101</StartMarketingDate>
    <MarketingCategoryName>ANDA</MarketingCategoryName>
    <ApplicationNumber>ANDA070175</ApplicationNumber>
    <LabelerName>STAT RX USA LLC</LabelerName>
    <SubstanceName>PROPRANOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE</SubstanceName>
    <StrengthNumber>10</StrengthNumber>
    <StrengthUnit>mg/1</StrengthUnit>
    <Pharm_Classes>Adrenergic beta-Antagonists [MoA],beta-Adrenergic Blocker [EPC]</Pharm_Classes>
    <Status>Deprecated</Status>
    <LastUpdate>2018-02-07</LastUpdate>
    <ProductNdcExcludeFlag>E</ProductNdcExcludeFlag>
    <ListingRecordCertifiedThrough>20171231</ListingRecordCertifiedThrough>
    <Description>Propranolol hydrochloride is a synthetic beta-adrenergic receptor blocking agent chemically described as (±)-1-(Isopropylamino)-3-(1-naphthyloxy)-2- propanol hydrochloride. Its structural formula is.      STRUCTURE IMAGE. Propranolol hydrochloride is a stable, white crystalline solid which is readily soluble in water and ethanol. Propranolol hydrochloride is available as 10 mg, 20 mg, 40 mg and 80 mg tablets for oral administration. Propranolol Hydrochloride Tablets USP 10 mg, 20 mg, 40 mg, and 80 mg contain the following inactive ingredients: anhydrous lactose, colloidal silicon dioxide, croscarmellose sodium, D and C Yellow No. 10, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose and stearic acid. Propranolol Hydrochloride Tablets USP 10 mg and 80 mg also contain FD and C Yellow No. 6. Propranolol Hydrochloride Tablets USP 20 mg and 40 mg also contain FD and C Blue No. 1. Propranolol is a nonselective beta-adrenergic receptor blocking agent possessing no other autonomic nervous system activity. It specifically competes with beta-adrenergic receptor agonist agents for available receptor sites. When access to beta-receptor sites is blocked by propranolol, the chronotropic, inotropic, and vasodilator responses to beta-adrenergic stimulation are decreased proportionately. At dosages greater than required for beta blockade, propranolol also exerts a quinidine-like or anesthetic-like membrane action, which affects the cardiac action potential. The significance of the membrane action in the treatment of arrhythmias is uncertain. The mechanism of the antihypertensive effect of propranolol has not been established. Factors that may contribute to the antihypertensive action include: (1) decreased cardiac output, (2) inhibition of renin release by the kidneys, and (3) diminution of tonic sympathetic nerve outflow from vasomotor centers in the brain. Although total peripheral resistance may increase initially, it readjusts to or below the pretreatment level with chronic use of propranolol. Effects of propranolol on plasma volume appear to be minor and somewhat variable. In angina pectoris, propranolol generally reduces the oxygen requirement of the heart at any given level of effort by blocking the catecholamine-induced increases in the heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and the velocity and extent of myocardial contraction. Propranolol may increase oxygen requirements by increasing left ventricular fiber length, end diastolic pressure, and systolic ejection period. The net physiologic effect of betaadrenergic blockade is usually advantageous and is manifested during exercise by delayed onset of pain and increased work capacity. Propranolol exerts its antiarrhythmic effects in concentrations associated with beta-adrenergic blockade, and this appears to be its principal antiarrhythmic mechanism of action. In dosages greater than required for beta blockade, propranolol also exerts a quinidine-like or anesthetic-like membrane action, which affects the cardiac action potential. The significance of the membrane action in the treatment of arrhythmias is uncertain. The mechanism of the antimigraine effect of propranolol has not been established. Beta-adrenergic receptors have been demonstrated in the pial vessels of the brain. The specific mechanism of propranolol’s antitremor effects has not been established, but beta-2 (noncardiac) receptors may be involved. A central effect is also possible. Clinical studies have demonstrated that propranolol is of benefit in exaggerated physiological and essential (familial) tremor. Propranolol is highly lipophilic and almost completely absorbed after oral administration. However, it undergoes high first-pass metabolism by the liver and on average, only about 25% of propranolol reaches the systemic circulation. Peak plasma concentrations occur about 1 to 4 hours after an oral dose. Administration of protein-rich foods increase the bioavailability of propranolol by about 50% with no change in time to peak concentration, plasma binding, half-life, or the amount of unchanged drug in the urine. Approximately 90% of circulating propranolol is bound to plasma proteins (albumin and alpha1 acid glycoprotein). The binding is enantiomer-selective. The S(-)-enantiomer is preferentially bound to alpha1 glycoprotein and the R(+)-enantiomer preferentially bound to albumin. The volume of distribution of propranolol is approximately 4 liters/kg. Propranolol crosses the blood-brain barrier and the placenta, and is distributed into breast milk. Propranolol is extensively metabolized with most metabolites appearing in the urine. Propranolol is metabolized through three primary routes: aromatic hydroxylation (mainly 4-hydroxylation), N-dealkylation followed by further side-chain oxidation, and direct glucuronidation. It has been estimated that the percentage contributions of these routes to total metabolism are 42%, 41% and 17%, respectively, but with considerable variability between individuals. The four major metabolites are propranolol glucuronide, naphthyloxylactic acid and glucuronic acid, and sulfate conjugates of 4-hydroxy propranolol. In vitro studies have indicated that the aromatic hydroxylation of propranolol is catalyzed mainly by polymorphic CYP2D6. Side-chain oxidation is mediated mainly by CYP1A2 and to some extent by CYP2D6. 4-hydroxy propranolol is a weak inhibitor of CYP2D6. Propranolol is also a substrate of CYP2C19 and a substrate for the intestinal efflux transporter, p-glycoprotein (p-gp). Studies suggest however that p-gp is not dose-limiting for intestinal absorption of propranolol in the usual therapeutic dose range. In healthy subjects, no difference was observed between CYP2D6 extensive metabolizers (EMs) and poor metabolizers (PMs) with respect to oral clearance or elimination half-life. Partial clearance of 4-hydroxy propranolol was significantly higher and of naphthyloxyactic acid significantly lower in EMs than PMs. The plasma half-life of propranolol is from 3 to 6 hours. Propranolol is a racemic mixture of two enantiomers, R(+) and S(-). The S(-)-enantiomer is approximately 100 times as potent as the R(+)- enantiomer in blocking beta adrenergic receptors. In normal subjects receiving oral doses of racemic propranolol, S(-)-enantiomer concentrations exceeded those of the R(+)-enantiomer by 40-90% as a result of stereoselective hepatic metabolism. Clearance of the pharmacologically active S(-)-propranolol is lower than R(+)-propranolol after intravenous and oral doses. Geriatric. In a study of 12 elderly (62-79 years old) and 12 young (25-33 years old) healthy subjects, the clearance of S(-)-enantiomer of propranolol was decreased in the elderly. Additionally, the half-life of both the R(+)- and S(-)- propranolol were prolonged in the elderly compared with the young (11 hours vs. 5 hours). Clearance of propranolol is reduced with aging due to decline in oxidation capacity (ring oxidation and side-chain oxidation). Conjugation capacity remains unchanged. In a study of 32 patients age 30 to 84 years given a single 20-mg dose of propranolol, an inverse correlation was found between age and the partial metabolic clearances to 4-hydroxypropranolol (40HP-ring oxidation) and to naphthoxylactic acid (NLA-side chain oxidation). No correlation was found between age and the partial metabolic clearance to propranolol glucuronide (PPLG-conjugation). Gender. In a study of 9 healthy women and 12 healthy men, neither the administration of testosterone nor the regular course of the menstrual cycle affected the plasma binding of the propranolol enantiomers. In contrast, there was a significant, although non-enantioselective diminution of the binding of propranolol after treatment with ethinyl estradiol. These findings are inconsistent with another study, in which administration of testosterone cypionate confirmed the stimulatory role of this hormone on propranolol metabolism and concluded that the clearance of propranolol in men is dependent on circulating concentrations of testosterone. In women, none of the metabolic clearances for propranolol showed any significant association with either estradiol or testosterone. Race. A study conducted in 12 Caucasian and 13 African-American male subjects taking propranolol, showed that at steady state, the clearance of R(+)- and S(-)-propranolol were about 76% and 53% higher in African-Americans than in Caucasians, respectively. Chinese subjects had a greater proportion (18% to 45% higher) of unbound propranolol in plasma compared to Caucasians, which was associated with a lower plasma concentration of alpha1 acid glycoprotein. Renal Insufficiency. In a study conducted in 5 patients with chronic renal failure, 6 patients on regular dialysis, and 5 healthy subjects, who received a single oral dose of 40 mg of propranolol, the peak plasma concentrations (Cmax) of propranolol in the chronic renal failure group were 2 to 3-fold higher (161±41 ng/mL) than those observed in the dialysis patients (47±9 ng/mL) and in the healthy subjects (26±1 ng/mL). Propranolol plasma clearance was also reduced in the patients with chronic renal failure. Studies have reported a delayed absorption rate and a reduced half-life of propranolol in patients with renal failure of varying severity. Despite this shorter plasma half-life, propranolol peak plasma levels were 3-4 times higher and total plasma levels of metabolites were up to 3 times higher in these patients than in subjects with normal renal function. Chronic renal failure has been associated with a decrease in drug metabolism via down regulation of hepatic cytochrome P450 activity resulting in a lower “first-pass” clearance. Propranolol is not significantly dialyzable. Hepatic Insufficiency. Propranolol is extensively metabolized by the liver. In a study conducted in 7 patients with cirrhosis and 9 healthy subjects receiving 80-mg oral propranolol every 8 hours for 7 doses, the steady-state unbound propranolol concentration in patients with cirrhosis was increased 3-fold in comparison to controls. In cirrhosis, the half-life increased to 11 hours compared to 4 hours (see PRECAUTIONS). Interactions with Substrates, Inhibitors or Inducers of Cytochrome P-450 Enzymes. Because propranolol’s metabolism involves multiple pathways in the cytochrome P-450 system (CYP2D6, 1A2, 2C19), co-administration with drugs that are metabolized by, or effect the activity (induction or inhibition) of one or more of these pathways may lead to clinically relevant drug interactions (see Drug Interactions under PRECAUTIONS). Substrates or Inhibitors of CYP2D6. Blood levels and/or toxicity of propranolol may be increased by coadministration with substrates or inhibitors of CYP2D6, such as amiodarone, cimetidine, delavudin, fluoxetine, paroxetine, quinidine, and ritonavir. No interactions were observed with either ranitidine or lansoprazole. Substrates or Inhibitors of CYP1A2. Blood levels and/or toxicity of propranolol may be increased by coadministration with substrates or inhibitors of CYP1A2, such as imipramine, cimetidine, ciprofloxacin, fluvoxamine, isoniazid, ritonavir, theophylline, zileuton, zolmitriptan, and rizatriptan. Substrates or Inhibitors of CYP2C19. Blood levels and or toxicity of propranolol may be increased by coadministration with substrates or inhibitors of CYP2C19, such as fluconazole, cimetidine, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, teniposide, and tolbutamide. No interaction was observed with omeprazole. Inducers of Hepatic Drug Metabolism. Blood levels of propranolol may be decreased by co-administration with inducers such as rifampin, ethanol, phenytoin, and phenobarbital. Cigarette smoking also induces hepatic metabolism and has been shown to increase up to 77% the clearance of propranolol, resulting in decreased plasma concentrations. Cardiovascular Drugs. Antiarrhythmics. The AUC of propafenone is increased by more than 200% by co-administration of propranolol. The metabolism of propranolol is reduced by co-administration of quinidine, leading to a two-three fold increased blood concentration and greater degrees of clinical beta-blockade. The metabolism of lidocaine is inhibited by co-administration of propranolol, resulting in a 25% increase in lidocaine concentrations. Calcium Channel Blockers. The mean Cmax and AUC of propranolol are increased respectively, by 50% and 30% by co-administration of nisoldipine and by 80% and 47%, by coadministration of nicardipine. The mean Cmax and AUC of nifedipine are increased by 64% and 79%, respectively, by co-administration of propranolol. Propranolol does not affect the pharmacokinetics of verapamil and norverapamil. Verapamil does not affect the pharmacokinetics of propranolol. Non-Cardiovascular Drugs. Migraine Drugs. Administration of zolmitriptan or rizatriptan with propranolol resulted in increased concentrations of zolmitriptan (AUC increased by 56% and Cmax by 37%) or rizatriptan (the AUC and Cmax were increased by 67% and 75%, respectively). Theophylline. Co-administration of theophylline with propranolol decreases theophylline oral clearance by 30% to 52%. Benzodiazepines. Propranolol can inhibit the metabolism of diazepam, resulting in increased concentrations of diazepam and its metabolites. Diazepam does not alter the pharmacokinetics of propranolol. The pharmacokinetics of oxazepam, triazolam, lorazepam, and alprazolam are not affected by co-administration of propranolol. Neuroleptic Drugs. Co-administration of long-acting propranolol at doses greater than or equal to 160 mg/day resulted in increased thioridazine plasma concentrations ranging from 55% to 369% and increased thioridazine metabolite (mesoridazine) concentrations ranging from 33% to 209%. Co-administration of chlorpromazine with propranolol resulted in a 70% increase in propranolol plasma level. Anti-Ulcer Drugs. Co-administration of propranolol with cimetidine, a non-specific CYP450 inhibitor, increased propranolol AUC and Cmax by 46% and 35%, respectively. Co-administration with aluminum hydroxide gel (1200 mg) may result in a decrease in propranolol concentrations. Co-administration of metoclopramide with the long-acting propranolol did not have a significant effect on propranolol’s pharmacokinetics. Lipid Lowering Drugs. Co-administration of cholestyramine or colestipol with propranolol resulted in up to 50% decrease in propranolol concentrations. Co-administration of propranolol with lovastatin or pravastatin, decreased 18% to 23% the AUC of both, but did not alter their pharmacodynamics. Propranolol did not have an effect on the pharmacokinetics of fluvastatin. Warfarin. Concomitant administration of propranolol and warfarin has been shown to increase warfarin bioavailability and increase prothrombin time. Alcohol. Concomitant use of alcohol may increase plasma levels of propranolol. In a retrospective, uncontrolled study, 107 patients with diastolic blood pressure 110 to 150 mmHg received propranolol 120 mg t.i.d. for at least 6 months, in addition to diuretics and potassium, but with no other antihypertensive agent. Propranolol contributed to control of diastolic blood pressure, but the magnitude of the effect of propranolol on blood pressure cannot be ascertained. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 32 patients of both sexes, aged 32 to 69 years, with stable angina, propranolol 100 mg t.i.d. was administered for 4 weeks and shown to be more effective than placebo in reducing the rate of angina episodes and in prolonging total exercise time. In a report examining the long-term (5-22 months) efficacy of propranolol, 10 patients, aged 27 to 80, with atrial fibrillation and ventricular rate greater than120 beats per minute despite digitalis, received propranolol up to 30 mg t.i.d. Seven patients (70%) achieved ventricular rate reduction to less than 100 beats per minute. The Beta-Blocker Heart Attack Trial (BHAT) was a National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute-sponsored multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebocontrolled trial conducted in 31 U.S. centers (plus one in Canada) in 3,837 persons without history of severe congestive heart failure or presence of recent heart failure; certain conduction defects; angina since infarction, who had survived the acute phase of myocardial infarction. Propranolol was administered at either 60 or 80 mg t.i.d. based on blood levels achieved during an initial trial of 40 mg t.i.d. Therapy with propranolol, begun 5 to 21 days following infarction, was shown to reduce overall mortality up to 39 months, the longest period of follow-up. This was primarily attributable to a reduction in cardiovascular mortality. The protective effect of propranolol was consistent regardless of age, sex, or site of infarction. Compared with placebo, total mortality was reduced 39% at 12 months and 26% over an average follow-up period of 25 months. The Norwegian Multicenter Trial in which propranolol was administered at 40 mg q.i.d. gave overall results which support the findings in the BHAT. Although the clinical trials used either t.i.d. or q.i.d. dosing, clinical, pharmacologic, and pharmacokinetic data provide a reasonable basis for concluding that b.i.d. dosing with propranolol should be adequate in the treatment of postinfarction patients. In a 34-week, placebo-controlled, 4-period, dose-finding crossover study with a double-blind randomized treatment sequence, 62 patients with migraine received propranolol 20 to 80 mg 3 or 4 times daily. The headache unit index, a composite of the number of days with headache and the associated severity of the headache, was significantly reduced for patients receiving propranolol as compared to those on placebo. In a 2 week, double-blind, parallel, placebo-controlled study of 9 patients with essential or familial tremor, propranolol, at a dose titrated as needed from 40-80 mg t.i.d. reduced tremor severity compared to placebo. In an uncontrolled series of 13 patients with New York Heart Association (NYHA) class 2 or 3 symptoms and hypertrophic subaortic stenosis diagnosed at cardiac catheterization, oral propranolol 40-80 mg t.i.d. was administered and patients were followed for up to 17 months. Propranolol was associated with improved NYHA class for most patients. In an uncontrolled series of 3 patients with norepinephrine-secreting pheochromocytoma who were pretreated with an alpha adrenergic blocker (prazosin), perioperative use of propranolol at doses of 40-80 mg t.i.d. resulted in symptomatic blood pressure control. Hypertension. Propranolol hydrochloride tablets are indicated in the management of hypertension. It may be used alone or used in combination with other antihypertensive agents, particularly a thiazide diuretic. Propranolol hydrochloride is not indicated in the management of hypertensive emergencies. Angina Pectoris Due to Coronary Atherosclerosis. Propranolol hydrochloride tablets are indicated to decrease angina frequency and increase exercise tolerance in patients with angina pectoris. Atrial Fibrillation. Propranolol hydrochloride tablets are indicated to control ventricular rate in patients with atrial fibrillation and a rapid ventricular response. Myocardial Infarction. Propranolol is indicated to reduce cardiovascular mortality in patients who have survived the acute phase of myocardial infarction and are clinically stable. Migraine. Propranolol is indicated for the prophylaxis of common migraine headache. The efficacy of propranolol in the treatment of a migraine attack that has started has not been established, and propranolol is not indicated for such use. Essential Tremor. Propranolol is indicated in the management of familial or hereditary essential tremor. Familial or essential tremor consists of involuntary, rhythmic, oscillatory movements, usually limited to the upper limbs. It is absent at rest but occurs when the limb is held in a fixed posture or position against gravity and during active movement. Propranolol causes a reduction in the tremor amplitude but not in the tremor frequency. Propranolol is not indicated for the treatment of tremor associated with Parkinsonism. Hypertrophic Subaortic Stenosis. Propranolol improves NYHA functional class in symptomatic patients with hypertrophic subaortic stenosis. Pheochromocytoma. Propranolol is indicated as an adjunct to alpha-adrenergic blockade to control blood pressure and reduce symptoms of catecholamine-secreting tumors. Propranolol is contraindicated in 1) cardiogenic shock; 2) sinus bradycardia and greater than first degree block; 3) bronchial asthma; and 4) in patients with known hypersensitivity to propranolol hydrochloride. Angina Pectoris. There have been reports of exacerbation of angina and, in some cases, myocardial infarction, following abrupt discontinuance of propranolol therapy. Therefore, when discontinuance of propranolol is planned, the dosage should be gradually reduced over at least a few weeks and the patient should be cautioned against interruption or cessation of therapy without the physician’s advice. If propranolol therapy is interrupted and exacerbation of angina occurs, it usually is advisable to reinstitute propranolol therapy and take other measures appropriate for the management of angina pectoris. Since coronary artery disease may be unrecognized, it may be prudent to follow the above advice in patients considered at risk of having occult atherosclerotic heart disease who are given propranolol for other indications. Hypersensitivity and Skin Reactions. Hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylactic/anaphylactoid reactions, have been associated with the administration of propranolol (see ADVERSE REACTIONS). Cutaneous reactions, including Stevens-Johnson Syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, exfoliative dermatitis, erythema multiforme, and urticaria, have been reported with use of propranolol (see ADVERSE REACTIONS). Cardiac Failure. Sympathetic stimulation may be a vital component supporting circulatory function in patients with congestive heart failure, and its inhibition by beta blockade may precipitate more severe failure. Although beta blockers should be avoided in overt congestive heart failure, some have been shown to be highly beneficial when used with close follow-up in patients with a history of failure who are well compensated and are receiving additional therapies, including diuretics as needed. Beta-adrenergic blocking agents do not abolish the inotropic action of digitalis on heart muscle. In Patients without a History of Heart Failure, continued use of beta blockers can, in some cases, lead to cardiac failure. Nonallergic Bronchospasm (e.g., Chronic Bronchitis, Emphysema). In general, patients with bronchospastic lung disease should not receive beta blockers. Propranolol should be administered with caution in this setting since it may provoke a bronchial asthmatic attack by blocking bronchodilation produced by endogenous and exogenous catecholamine stimulation of beta-receptors. Major Surgery. The necessity or desirability of withdrawal of beta-blocking therapy prior to major surgery is controversial. It should be noted, however, that the impaired ability of the heart to respond to reflex adrenergic stimuli in propranololtreated patients may augment the risks of general anesthesia and surgical procedures. Propranolol is a competitive inhibitor of beta-receptor agonists, and its effects can be reversed by administration of such agents, e.g., dobutamine or isoproterenol. However, such patients may be subject to protracted severe hypotension. Diabetes and Hypoglycemia. Beta-adrenergic blockade may prevent the appearance of certain premonitory signs and symptoms (pulse rate and pressure changes) of acute hypoglycemia, especially in labile insulin-dependent diabetics. In these patients, it may be more difficult to adjust the dosage of insulin. Propranolol therapy, particularly when given to infants and children, diabetic or not, has been associated with hypoglycemia especially during fasting as in preparation for surgery. Hypoglycemia has been reported in patients taking propranolol after prolonged physical exertion and in patients with renal insufficiency. Thyrotoxicosis. Beta-adrenergic blockade may mask certain clinical signs of hyperthyroidism. Therefore, abrupt withdrawal of propranolol may be followed by an exacerbation of symptoms of hyperthyroidism, including thyroid storm. Propranolol may change thyroid-function tests, increasing T4 and reverse T3 and decreasing T3. Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome. Beta-adrenergic blockade in patients with Wolf-Parkinson-White Syndrome and tachycardia has been associated with severe bradycardia requiring treatment with a pacemaker. In one case, this result was reported after an initial dose of 5 mg propranolol. Pheochromocytoma. Blocking only the peripheral dilator (beta) action of epinephrine with propranolol leaves its constrictor (alpha) action unopposed. In the event of hemorrhage or shock, there is a disadvantage in having both beta and alpha blockade since the combination prevents the increase in heart rate and peripheral vasoconstriction needed to maintain blood pressure. Propranolol should be used with caution in patients with impaired hepatic or renal function. Propranolol is not indicated for the treatment of hypertensive emergencies. Beta-adrenergic receptor blockade can cause reduction of intraocular pressure. Patients should be told that propranolol may interfere with the glaucoma screening test. Withdrawal may lead to a return of increased intraocular pressure. While taking beta blockers, patients with a history of severe anaphylactic reaction to a variety of allergens may be more reactive to repeated challenge, either accidental, diagnostic, or therapeutic. Such patients may be unresponsive to the usual doses of epinephrine used to treat allergic reaction. In patients with hypertension, use of propranolol has been associated with elevated levels of serum potassium, serum transaminases and alkaline phosphatase. In severe heart failure, the use of propranolol has been associated with increases in Blood Urea Nitrogen. Caution should be exercised when propranolol is administered with drugs that have an effect on CYP2D6, 1A2, or 2C19 metabolic pathways. Coadministration of such drugs with propranolol may lead to clinically relevant drug interactions and changes on its efficacy and/or toxicity (see Drug Interactions in PHARMACOKINETICS AND DRUG METABOLISM). Cardiovascular Drugs. Antiarrhythmics. Propafenone has negative inotropic and beta-blocking properties that can be additive to those of propranolol. Quinidine increases the concentration of propranolol and produces greater degrees of clinical beta-blockade and may cause postural hypotension. Amiodarone is an antiarrhythmic agent with negative chronotropic properties that may be additive to those seen with β-blockers such as propranolol. The clearance of lidocaine is reduced with administration of propranolol. Lidocaine toxicity has been reported following co-administration with propranolol. Caution should be exercised when administering propranolol with drugs that slow A-V nodal conduction, e.g. lidocaine and calcium channel blockers. Digitalis Glycosides. Both digitalis glycosides and beta-blockers slow atrioventricular conduction and decrease heartrate. Concomitant use can increase the risk of bradycardia. Calcium Channel Blockers. Caution should be exercised when patients receiving a beta blocker are administered a calcium-channel-blocking drug with negative inotropic and/or chronotropic effects. Both agents may depress myocardial contractility or atrioventricular conduction. There have been reports of significant bradycardia, heart failure, and cardiovascular collapse with concurrent use of verapamil and beta-blockers. Co-administration of propranolol and diltiazem in patients with cardiac disease has been associated with bradycardia, hypotension, high degree heart block, and heart failure. ACE Inhibitors. When combined with beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors can cause hypotension, particularly in the setting of acute myocardial infarction. The antihypertensive effects of clonidine may be antagonized by betablockers. Propranolol should be administered cautiously to patients withdrawing from clonidine. Alpha Blockers. Prazosin has been associated with prolongation of first dose hypotension in the presence of beta-blockers. Postural hypotension has been reported in patients taking both beta-blockers and terazosin or doxazosin. Reserpine. Patients receiving catecholamine-depleting drugs, such as reserpine, should be closely observed for excessive reduction of resting sympathetic nervous activity, which may result in hypotension, marked bradycardia, vertigo, syncopal attacks, or orthostatic hypotension. Inotropic Agents. Patients on long term therapy with propranolol may experience uncontrolled hypertension if administered epinephrine as a consequence of unopposed alpha-receptor stimulation. Epinephrine is therefore not indicated in the treatment of propranolol overdose (see OVERDOSAGE). Isoproterenol and Dobutamine. Propranolol is a competitive inhibitor of beta-receptor agonists, and its effects can be reversed by administration of such agents, e.g., dobutamine or isoproterenol. Also, propranolol may reduce sensitivity to dobutamine stress echocardiography in patients undergoing evaluation for myocardial ischemia. Non-Cardiovascular Drugs. Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) have been reported to blunt the antihypertensive effect of beta-adrenoreceptor blocking agents. Administration of indomethacin with propranolol may reduce the efficacy of propranolol in reducing blood pressure and heart rate. Antidepressants. The hypotensive effects of MAO inhibitors or tricyclic antidepressants may be exacerbated when administered with beta-blockers by interfering with the beta blocking activity of propranolol. Anesthetic Agents. Methoxyflurane and trichloroethylene may depress myocardial contractility when administered with propranolol. Warfarin. Propranolol when administered with warfarin increases the concentration of warfarin. Prothrombin time, therefore, should be monitored. Neuroleptic Drugs. Hypotension and cardiac arrest have been reported with the concomitant use of propranolol and haloperidol. Thyroxine. Thyroxine may result in a lower than expected T3 concentration when used concomitantly with propranolol. Alcohol. Alcohol, when used concomitantly with propranolol, may increase plasma levels of propranolol. In dietary administration studies in which mice and rats were treated with propranolol hydrochloride for up to 18 months at doses of up to 150 mg/kg/day, there was no evidence of drug-related tumorigenesis. On a body surface area basis, this dose in the mouse and rat is, respectively, about equal to and about twice the maximum recommended human oral daily dose (MRHD) of 640 mg propranolol hydrochloride. In a study in which both male and female rats were exposed to propranolol hydrochloride in their diets at concentrations of up to 0.05% (about 50 mg/kg body weight and less than the MRHD), from 60 days prior to mating and throughout pregnancy and lactation for two generations, there were no effects on fertility. Based on differing results from Ames Tests performed by different laboratories, there is equivocal evidence for a genotoxic effect of propranolol hydrochloride in bacteria (S. typhimurium strain TA 1538). In a series of reproductive and developmental toxicology studies, propranolol hydrochloride was given to rats by gavage or in the diet throughout pregnancy and lactation. At doses of 150 mg/kg/day, but not at doses of 80 mg/kg/day (equivalent to the MRHD on a body surface area basis), treatment was associated with embryotoxicity (reduced litter size and increased resorption rates) as well as neonatal toxicity (deaths). Propranolol hydrochloride also was administered (in the feed) to rabbits (throughout pregnancy and lactation) at doses as high as 150 mg/kg/day (about 5 times the maximum recommended human oral daily dose). No evidence of embryo or neonatal toxicity was noted. There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Intrauterine growth retardation, small placentas, and congenital abnormalities have been reported in neonates whose mothers received propranolol during pregnancy. Neonates whose mothers received propranolol at parturition have exhibited bradycardia, hypoglycemia, and/or respiratory depression. Adequate facilities for monitoring such infants at birth should be available. Propranolol should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. Propranolol is excreted in human milk. Caution should be exercised when propranolol is administered to a nursing woman. Safety and effectiveness of propranolol in pediatric patients have not been established. Bronchospasm and congestive heart failure have been reported coincident with the administration of propranolol therapy in pediatric patients. Clinical studies of propranolol did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. Other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy. The following adverse events were observed and have been reported in patients using propranolol. Cardiovascular: Bradycardia; congestive heart failure; intensification of AV block; hypotension; paresthesia of hands; thrombocytopenic purpura; arterial insufficiency, usually of the Raynaud type. Central Nervous System: Light-headedness, mental depression manifested by insomnia, lassitude, weakness, fatigue; catatonia; visual disturbances; hallucinations; vivid dreams; an acute reversible syndrome characterized by disorientation for time and place, short-term memory loss, emotional lability, slightly clouded sensorium, and decreased performance on neuropsychometrics. For immediate-release formulations, fatigue, lethargy, and vivid dreams appear dose related. Gastrointestinal: Nausea, vomiting, epigastric distress, abdominal cramping, diarrhea, constipation, mesenteric arterial thrombosis, ischemic colitis. Allergic: Hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylactic/anaphylactoid reactions, pharyngitis and agranulocytosis; erythematous rash, fever combined with aching and sore throat; laryngospasm, and respiratory distress. Respiratory: Bronchospasm. Hematologic: Agranulocytosis, nonthrombocytopenic purpura, thrombocytopenic purpura. Autoimmune: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Skin and mucous membranes: Stevens-Johnson Syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, dry eyes, exfoliative dermatitis, erythema multiforme, urticaria, alopecia, SLE-like reactions, and psoriasiform rashes. Oculomucocutaneous syndrome involving the skin, serous membranes and conjunctivae reported for a beta blocker (practolol) have not been associated with propranolol. Genitourinary: Male impotence; Peyronie’s disease. Propranolol is not significantly dialyzable. In the event of overdosage or exaggerated response, the following measures should be employed. General: If ingestion is or may have been recent, evacuate gastric contents, taking care to prevent pulmonary aspiration. Supportive Therapy: Hypotension and bradycardia have been reported following propranolol overdose and should be treated appropriately. Glucagon can exert potent inotropic and chronotropic effects and may be particularly useful for the treatment of hypotension or depressed myocardial function after a propranolol overdose. Glucagon should be administered as 50-150 mcg/kg intravenously followed by continuous drip of 1-5 mg/hour for positive chronotropic effect. Isoproterenol, dopamine or phosphodiesterase inhibitors may also be useful. Epinephrine, however, may provoke uncontrolled hypertension. Bradycardia can be treated with atropine or isoproterenol. Serious bradycardia may require temporary cardiac pacing. The electrocardiogram, pulse, blood pressure, neurobehavioral status and intake and output balance must be monitored. Isoproterenol and aminophylline may be used for bronchospasm. General. Because of the variable bioavailability of propranolol, the dose should be individualized based on response. Hypertension. The usual initial dosage is 40 mg propranolol hydrochloride twice daily, whether used alone or added to a diuretic. Dosage may be increased gradually until adequate blood pressure control is achieved. The usual maintenance dosage is 120 mg to 240 mg per day. In some instances a dosage of 640 mg a day may be required. The time needed for full antihypertensive response to a given dosage is variable and may range from a few days to several weeks. While twice-daily dosing is effective and can maintain a reduction in blood pressure throughout the day, some patients, especially when lower doses are used, may experience a modest rise in blood pressure toward the end of the 12-hour dosing interval. This can be evaluated by measuring blood pressure near the end of the dosing interval to determine whether satisfactory control is being maintained throughout the day. If control is not adequate, a larger dose, or 3-times-daily therapy may achieve better control. Angina Pectoris. Total daily doses of 80 mg to 320 mg propranolol hydrochloride, when administered orally, twice a day, three times a day, or four times a day, have been shown to increase exercise tolerance and to reduce ischemic changes in the ECG. If treatment is to be discontinued, reduce dosage gradually over a period of several weeks. (See WARNINGS.). Atrial Fibrillation. The recommended dose is 10 mg to 30 mg propranolol hydrochloride three or four times daily before meals and at bedtime. Myocardial Infarction. In the Beta-Blocker Heart Attack Trial (BHAT), the initial dose was 40 mg t.i.d., with titration after 1 month to 60 mg to 80 mg t.i.d. as tolerated. The recommended daily dosage is 180 mg to 240 mg propranolol hydrochloride per day in divided doses. Although a t.i.d. regimen was used in BHAT and a q.i.d. regimen in the Norwegian Multicenter Trial, there is a reasonable basis for the use of either a t.i.d. or b.i.d. regimen (see PHARMACOKINETICS AND DRUG METABOLISM). The effectiveness and safety of daily dosages greater than 240 mg for prevention of cardiac mortality have not been established. However, higher dosages may be needed to effectively treat coexisting diseases such as angina or hypertension (see above). Migraine. The initial dose is 80 mg propranolol hydrochloride daily in divided doses. The usual effective dose range is 160 mg to 240 mg per day. The dosage may be increased gradually to achieve optimum migraine prophylaxis. If a satisfactory response is not obtained within four to six weeks after reaching the maximum dose, propranolol therapy should be discontinued. It may be advisable to withdraw the drug gradually over a period of several weeks. Essential Tremor. The initial dosage is 40 mg propranolol hydrochloride twice daily. Optimum reduction of essential tremor is usually achieved with a dose of 120 mg per day. Occasionally, it may be necessary to administer 240 mg to 320 mg per day. Hypertrophic Subaortic Stenosis. The usual dosage is 20 mg to 40 mg propranolol hydrochloride three or four times daily before meals and at bedtime. Pheochromocytoma. The usual dosage is 60 mg propranolol hydrochloride daily in divided doses for three days prior to surgery as adjunctive therapy to alpha-adrenergic blockade. For the management of inoperable tumors, the usual dosage is 30 mg daily in divided doses as adjunctive therapy to alpha-adrenergic blockade. Propranolol Hydrochloride Tablets USP 10 mg are 9/32", scored, round, orange tablets imprinted DAN 5554 and 10 supplied in bottles of 100 and 1000. Propranolol Hydrochloride Tablets USP 20 mg are 9/32", scored, round, blue tablets imprinted DAN 5555 and 20 supplied in bottles of 100 and 1000. Propranolol Hydrochloride Tablets USP 40 mg are 11/32", scored, round, green tablets imprinted DAN 5556 and 40 supplied in bottles of 100 and 1000. Propranolol Hydrochloride Tablets USP 80 mg are 12/32", scored, round, yellow tablets imprinted DAN 5557 and 80 supplied in bottles of 100 and 500. Dispense in a well-closed, light-resistant container with child-resistant closure. Store at 20°-25°C (68°-77°F). [See USP controlled room temperature.] Protect from light. Manufactured By:Watson Pharma Private LimitedVerna, Salcette Goa 403 722 INDIA. Distributed By:Watson Pharma, Inc.Corona, CA 92880 USA. Revised: March 2009                                  0309B                                                                      184018.</Description>
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    <IndicationAndUsage>Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate capsules are indicated for the treatment of: 1 Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in adults and pediatric patients 6 years and older [see Clinical Studies (14.1)]., 2 Moderate to severe binge eating disorder (BED) in adults [see Clinical Studies (14.2)].</IndicationAndUsage>
    <Description>Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate, a CNS stimulant, is for once-a-day oral administration. The chemical designation for lisdexamfetamine dimesylate is (2S)-2,6-diamino-N-[(1S)-1-methyl-2-phenylethyl] hexanamide dimethanesulfonate. The molecular formula is C17H33N3O7S2, which corresponds to a molecular weight of 455.59. The chemical structure is. Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate is a white to off-white powder that is soluble in water (986 mg/mL). Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate capsules contain 10 mg, 20 mg, 30 mg, 40 mg, 50 mg, 60 mg and 70 mg of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (equivalent to 5.8 mg, 11.6 mg, 17.3 mg, 23.1 mg, 28.9 mg, 34.7 mg, and 40.5 mg of lisdexamfetamine). Inactive ingredients: Microcrystalline cellulose, croscarmellose sodium, magnesium stearate, gelatin, titanium dioxide and sodium lauryl sulfate. The ink ingredients common for all strengths are shellac, propylene glycol, strong ammonia solution, black iron oxide and potassium hydroxide. Each strength capsule also contains colorant ingredients in the capsule shell as follows. 10 mg: FD&amp;C Red No. 320 mg: Iron Oxide Yellow30 mg: FD&amp;C Red No. 3 and FD&amp;C Yellow No. 640 mg: FD&amp;C Red No. 3 and FD&amp;C Blue No. 150 mg: FD&amp;C Red No. 3 and FD&amp;C Blue No. 160 mg: FD&amp;C Red No. 3 and FD&amp;C Blue No. 170 mg: FD&amp;C Blue No. 1 and D&amp;C Red 28.</Description>
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    <IndicationAndUsage>Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate capsules are indicated for the treatment of: 1 Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in adults and pediatric patients 6 years and older [see Clinical Studies (14.1)]., 2 Moderate to severe binge eating disorder (BED) in adults [see Clinical Studies (14.2)].</IndicationAndUsage>
    <Description>Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate, a CNS stimulant, is for once-a-day oral administration. The chemical designation for lisdexamfetamine dimesylate is (2S)-2,6-diamino-N-[(1S)-1-methyl-2-phenylethyl] hexanamide dimethanesulfonate. The molecular formula is C17H33N3O7S2, which corresponds to a molecular weight of 455.59. The chemical structure is. Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate is a white to off-white powder that is soluble in water (986 mg/mL). Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate capsules contain 10 mg, 20 mg, 30 mg, 40 mg, 50 mg, 60 mg and 70 mg of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (equivalent to 5.8 mg, 11.6 mg, 17.3 mg, 23.1 mg, 28.9 mg, 34.7 mg, and 40.5 mg of lisdexamfetamine). Inactive ingredients: Microcrystalline cellulose, croscarmellose sodium, magnesium stearate, gelatin, titanium dioxide and sodium lauryl sulfate. The ink ingredients common for all strengths are shellac, propylene glycol, strong ammonia solution, black iron oxide and potassium hydroxide. Each strength capsule also contains colorant ingredients in the capsule shell as follows. 10 mg: FD&amp;C Red No. 320 mg: Iron Oxide Yellow30 mg: FD&amp;C Red No. 3 and FD&amp;C Yellow No. 640 mg: FD&amp;C Red No. 3 and FD&amp;C Blue No. 150 mg: FD&amp;C Red No. 3 and FD&amp;C Blue No. 160 mg: FD&amp;C Red No. 3 and FD&amp;C Blue No. 170 mg: FD&amp;C Blue No. 1 and D&amp;C Red 28.</Description>
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    <StartMarketingDatePackage>20240909</StartMarketingDatePackage>
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    <IndicationAndUsage>Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate capsules are indicated for the treatment of: 1 Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in adults and pediatric patients 6 years and older [see Clinical Studies (14.1)]., 2 Moderate to severe binge eating disorder (BED) in adults [see Clinical Studies (14.2)].</IndicationAndUsage>
    <Description>Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate, a CNS stimulant, is for once-a-day oral administration. The chemical designation for lisdexamfetamine dimesylate is (2S)-2,6-diamino-N-[(1S)-1-methyl-2-phenylethyl] hexanamide dimethanesulfonate. The molecular formula is C17H33N3O7S2, which corresponds to a molecular weight of 455.59. The chemical structure is. Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate is a white to off-white powder that is soluble in water (986 mg/mL). Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate capsules contain 10 mg, 20 mg, 30 mg, 40 mg, 50 mg, 60 mg and 70 mg of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (equivalent to 5.8 mg, 11.6 mg, 17.3 mg, 23.1 mg, 28.9 mg, 34.7 mg, and 40.5 mg of lisdexamfetamine). Inactive ingredients: Microcrystalline cellulose, croscarmellose sodium, magnesium stearate, gelatin, titanium dioxide and sodium lauryl sulfate. The ink ingredients common for all strengths are shellac, propylene glycol, strong ammonia solution, black iron oxide and potassium hydroxide. Each strength capsule also contains colorant ingredients in the capsule shell as follows. 10 mg: FD&amp;C Red No. 320 mg: Iron Oxide Yellow30 mg: FD&amp;C Red No. 3 and FD&amp;C Yellow No. 640 mg: FD&amp;C Red No. 3 and FD&amp;C Blue No. 150 mg: FD&amp;C Red No. 3 and FD&amp;C Blue No. 160 mg: FD&amp;C Red No. 3 and FD&amp;C Blue No. 170 mg: FD&amp;C Blue No. 1 and D&amp;C Red 28.</Description>
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    <IndicationAndUsage>Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate capsules are indicated for the treatment of: 1 Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in adults and pediatric patients 6 years and older [see Clinical Studies (14.1)]., 2 Moderate to severe binge eating disorder (BED) in adults [see Clinical Studies (14.2)].</IndicationAndUsage>
    <Description>Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate, a CNS stimulant, is for once-a-day oral administration. The chemical designation for lisdexamfetamine dimesylate is (2S)-2,6-diamino-N-[(1S)-1-methyl-2-phenylethyl] hexanamide dimethanesulfonate. The molecular formula is C17H33N3O7S2, which corresponds to a molecular weight of 455.59. The chemical structure is. Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate is a white to off-white powder that is soluble in water (986 mg/mL). Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate capsules contain 10 mg, 20 mg, 30 mg, 40 mg, 50 mg, 60 mg and 70 mg of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (equivalent to 5.8 mg, 11.6 mg, 17.3 mg, 23.1 mg, 28.9 mg, 34.7 mg, and 40.5 mg of lisdexamfetamine). Inactive ingredients: Microcrystalline cellulose, croscarmellose sodium, magnesium stearate, gelatin, titanium dioxide and sodium lauryl sulfate. The ink ingredients common for all strengths are shellac, propylene glycol, strong ammonia solution, black iron oxide and potassium hydroxide. Each strength capsule also contains colorant ingredients in the capsule shell as follows. 10 mg: FD&amp;C Red No. 320 mg: Iron Oxide Yellow30 mg: FD&amp;C Red No. 3 and FD&amp;C Yellow No. 640 mg: FD&amp;C Red No. 3 and FD&amp;C Blue No. 150 mg: FD&amp;C Red No. 3 and FD&amp;C Blue No. 160 mg: FD&amp;C Red No. 3 and FD&amp;C Blue No. 170 mg: FD&amp;C Blue No. 1 and D&amp;C Red 28.</Description>
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    <Pharm_Classes>Central Nervous System Stimulant [EPC], Central Nervous System Stimulation [PE]</Pharm_Classes>
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    <IndicationAndUsage>Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate capsules are indicated for the treatment of: 1 Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in adults and pediatric patients 6 years and older [see Clinical Studies (14.1)]., 2 Moderate to severe binge eating disorder (BED) in adults [see Clinical Studies (14.2)].</IndicationAndUsage>
    <Description>Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate, a CNS stimulant, is for once-a-day oral administration. The chemical designation for lisdexamfetamine dimesylate is (2S)-2,6-diamino-N-[(1S)-1-methyl-2-phenylethyl] hexanamide dimethanesulfonate. The molecular formula is C17H33N3O7S2, which corresponds to a molecular weight of 455.59. The chemical structure is. Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate is a white to off-white powder that is soluble in water (986 mg/mL). Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate capsules contain 10 mg, 20 mg, 30 mg, 40 mg, 50 mg, 60 mg and 70 mg of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (equivalent to 5.8 mg, 11.6 mg, 17.3 mg, 23.1 mg, 28.9 mg, 34.7 mg, and 40.5 mg of lisdexamfetamine). Inactive ingredients: Microcrystalline cellulose, croscarmellose sodium, magnesium stearate, gelatin, titanium dioxide and sodium lauryl sulfate. The ink ingredients common for all strengths are shellac, propylene glycol, strong ammonia solution, black iron oxide and potassium hydroxide. Each strength capsule also contains colorant ingredients in the capsule shell as follows. 10 mg: FD&amp;C Red No. 320 mg: Iron Oxide Yellow30 mg: FD&amp;C Red No. 3 and FD&amp;C Yellow No. 640 mg: FD&amp;C Red No. 3 and FD&amp;C Blue No. 150 mg: FD&amp;C Red No. 3 and FD&amp;C Blue No. 160 mg: FD&amp;C Red No. 3 and FD&amp;C Blue No. 170 mg: FD&amp;C Blue No. 1 and D&amp;C Red 28.</Description>
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    <Pharm_Classes>Central Nervous System Stimulant [EPC], Central Nervous System Stimulation [PE]</Pharm_Classes>
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    <PackageNdcExcludeFlag>N</PackageNdcExcludeFlag>
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    <IndicationAndUsage>Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate capsules are indicated for the treatment of: 1 Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in adults and pediatric patients 6 years and older [see Clinical Studies (14.1)]., 2 Moderate to severe binge eating disorder (BED) in adults [see Clinical Studies (14.2)].</IndicationAndUsage>
    <Description>Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate, a CNS stimulant, is for once-a-day oral administration. The chemical designation for lisdexamfetamine dimesylate is (2S)-2,6-diamino-N-[(1S)-1-methyl-2-phenylethyl] hexanamide dimethanesulfonate. The molecular formula is C17H33N3O7S2, which corresponds to a molecular weight of 455.59. The chemical structure is. Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate is a white to off-white powder that is soluble in water (986 mg/mL). Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate capsules contain 10 mg, 20 mg, 30 mg, 40 mg, 50 mg, 60 mg and 70 mg of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (equivalent to 5.8 mg, 11.6 mg, 17.3 mg, 23.1 mg, 28.9 mg, 34.7 mg, and 40.5 mg of lisdexamfetamine). Inactive ingredients: Microcrystalline cellulose, croscarmellose sodium, magnesium stearate, gelatin, titanium dioxide and sodium lauryl sulfate. The ink ingredients common for all strengths are shellac, propylene glycol, strong ammonia solution, black iron oxide and potassium hydroxide. Each strength capsule also contains colorant ingredients in the capsule shell as follows. 10 mg: FD&amp;C Red No. 320 mg: Iron Oxide Yellow30 mg: FD&amp;C Red No. 3 and FD&amp;C Yellow No. 640 mg: FD&amp;C Red No. 3 and FD&amp;C Blue No. 150 mg: FD&amp;C Red No. 3 and FD&amp;C Blue No. 160 mg: FD&amp;C Red No. 3 and FD&amp;C Blue No. 170 mg: FD&amp;C Blue No. 1 and D&amp;C Red 28.</Description>
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    <Pharm_Classes>Central Nervous System Stimulant [EPC], Central Nervous System Stimulation [PE]</Pharm_Classes>
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    <LastUpdate>2026-06-13</LastUpdate>
    <PackageNdcExcludeFlag>N</PackageNdcExcludeFlag>
    <ProductNdcExcludeFlag>N</ProductNdcExcludeFlag>
    <ListingRecordCertifiedThrough>20271231</ListingRecordCertifiedThrough>
    <StartMarketingDatePackage>20240909</StartMarketingDatePackage>
    <SamplePackage>N</SamplePackage>
    <IndicationAndUsage>Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate capsules are indicated for the treatment of: 1 Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in adults and pediatric patients 6 years and older [see Clinical Studies (14.1)]., 2 Moderate to severe binge eating disorder (BED) in adults [see Clinical Studies (14.2)].</IndicationAndUsage>
    <Description>Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate, a CNS stimulant, is for once-a-day oral administration. The chemical designation for lisdexamfetamine dimesylate is (2S)-2,6-diamino-N-[(1S)-1-methyl-2-phenylethyl] hexanamide dimethanesulfonate. The molecular formula is C17H33N3O7S2, which corresponds to a molecular weight of 455.59. The chemical structure is. Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate is a white to off-white powder that is soluble in water (986 mg/mL). Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate capsules contain 10 mg, 20 mg, 30 mg, 40 mg, 50 mg, 60 mg and 70 mg of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (equivalent to 5.8 mg, 11.6 mg, 17.3 mg, 23.1 mg, 28.9 mg, 34.7 mg, and 40.5 mg of lisdexamfetamine). Inactive ingredients: Microcrystalline cellulose, croscarmellose sodium, magnesium stearate, gelatin, titanium dioxide and sodium lauryl sulfate. The ink ingredients common for all strengths are shellac, propylene glycol, strong ammonia solution, black iron oxide and potassium hydroxide. Each strength capsule also contains colorant ingredients in the capsule shell as follows. 10 mg: FD&amp;C Red No. 320 mg: Iron Oxide Yellow30 mg: FD&amp;C Red No. 3 and FD&amp;C Yellow No. 640 mg: FD&amp;C Red No. 3 and FD&amp;C Blue No. 150 mg: FD&amp;C Red No. 3 and FD&amp;C Blue No. 160 mg: FD&amp;C Red No. 3 and FD&amp;C Blue No. 170 mg: FD&amp;C Blue No. 1 and D&amp;C Red 28.</Description>
  </NDC>
  <NDC>
    <NDCCode>43602-306-01</NDCCode>
    <PackageDescription>100 CAPSULE in 1 BOTTLE (43602-306-01) </PackageDescription>
    <NDC11Code>43602-0306-01</NDC11Code>
    <ProductNDC>43602-306</ProductNDC>
    <ProductTypeName>HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG</ProductTypeName>
    <ProprietaryName>Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate</ProprietaryName>
    <NonProprietaryName>Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate</NonProprietaryName>
    <DosageFormName>CAPSULE</DosageFormName>
    <RouteName>ORAL</RouteName>
    <StartMarketingDate>20230825</StartMarketingDate>
    <MarketingCategoryName>ANDA</MarketingCategoryName>
    <ApplicationNumber>ANDA217442</ApplicationNumber>
    <LabelerName>Ascent Pharmaceuticals, Inc.</LabelerName>
    <SubstanceName>LISDEXAMFETAMINE DIMESYLATE</SubstanceName>
    <StrengthNumber>10</StrengthNumber>
    <StrengthUnit>mg/1</StrengthUnit>
    <Pharm_Classes>Central Nervous System Stimulant [EPC], Central Nervous System Stimulation [PE]</Pharm_Classes>
    <DEASchedule>CII</DEASchedule>
    <Status>Deprecated</Status>
    <LastUpdate>2025-11-06</LastUpdate>
    <PackageNdcExcludeFlag>N</PackageNdcExcludeFlag>
    <ProductNdcExcludeFlag>N</ProductNdcExcludeFlag>
    <ListingRecordCertifiedThrough>20261231</ListingRecordCertifiedThrough>
    <StartMarketingDatePackage>20230825</StartMarketingDatePackage>
    <SamplePackage>N</SamplePackage>
    <IndicationAndUsage>Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate capsules are indicated for the treatment of: 1 Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in adults and pediatric patients 6 years and older [see Clinical Studies (14.1)], 2 Moderate to severe binge eating disorder (BED) in adults [see Clinical Studies (14.2)].</IndicationAndUsage>
    <Description>Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate, a CNS stimulant, is for once-a-day oral administration. The chemical designation for lisdexamfetamine dimesylate is (2S)-2,6-diamino-N-[(1S)-1-methyl-2-phenylethyl]-hexanamide dimethanesulfonate. The molecular formula is C17H33N3O7S2, which corresponds to a molecular weight of 455.59. The chemical structure is. Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate is a white to off-white powder that is soluble in water (986 mg/mL). Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate capsules contain 10 mg, 20 mg, 30 mg, 40 mg, 50 mg, 60 mg and 70 mg of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (equivalent to 5.8 mg, 11.6 mg, 17.3 mg, 23.1 mg, 28.9 mg, 34.7 mg, and 40.5 mg of lisdexamfetamine). Inactive ingredients: Microcrystalline cellulose, croscarmellose sodium, magnesium stearate, gelatin, titanium dioxide and sodium lauryl sulfate. The ink ingredients common for all strengths are shellac, propylene glycol, strong ammonia solution, black iron oxide and potassium hydroxide. Each strength capsule also contains colorant ingredients in the capsule shell as follows. 10 mg: FD&amp;C Red No. 320 mg: Iron Oxide Yellow30 mg: FD&amp;C Red No. 3 and FD&amp;C Yellow No. 640 mg: FD&amp;C Red No. 3 and FD&amp;C Blue No. 150 mg: FD&amp;C Red No. 3 and FD&amp;C Blue No. 160 mg: FD&amp;C Red No. 3 and FD&amp;C Blue No. 170 mg: FD&amp;C Blue No. 1 and D&amp;C Red 28.</Description>
  </NDC>
  <NDC>
    <NDCCode>43602-307-05</NDCCode>
    <PackageDescription>500 CAPSULE in 1 BOTTLE (43602-307-05) </PackageDescription>
    <NDC11Code>43602-0307-05</NDC11Code>
    <ProductNDC>43602-307</ProductNDC>
    <ProductTypeName>HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG</ProductTypeName>
    <ProprietaryName>Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate</ProprietaryName>
    <NonProprietaryName>Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate</NonProprietaryName>
    <DosageFormName>CAPSULE</DosageFormName>
    <RouteName>ORAL</RouteName>
    <StartMarketingDate>20230825</StartMarketingDate>
    <MarketingCategoryName>ANDA</MarketingCategoryName>
    <ApplicationNumber>ANDA217442</ApplicationNumber>
    <LabelerName>Ascent Pharmaceuticals, Inc.</LabelerName>
    <SubstanceName>LISDEXAMFETAMINE DIMESYLATE</SubstanceName>
    <StrengthNumber>20</StrengthNumber>
    <StrengthUnit>mg/1</StrengthUnit>
    <Pharm_Classes>Central Nervous System Stimulant [EPC], Central Nervous System Stimulation [PE]</Pharm_Classes>
    <DEASchedule>CII</DEASchedule>
    <Status>Deprecated</Status>
    <LastUpdate>2025-11-06</LastUpdate>
    <PackageNdcExcludeFlag>N</PackageNdcExcludeFlag>
    <ProductNdcExcludeFlag>N</ProductNdcExcludeFlag>
    <ListingRecordCertifiedThrough>20261231</ListingRecordCertifiedThrough>
    <StartMarketingDatePackage>20230825</StartMarketingDatePackage>
    <SamplePackage>N</SamplePackage>
    <IndicationAndUsage>Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate capsules are indicated for the treatment of: 1 Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in adults and pediatric patients 6 years and older [see Clinical Studies (14.1)], 2 Moderate to severe binge eating disorder (BED) in adults [see Clinical Studies (14.2)].</IndicationAndUsage>
    <Description>Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate, a CNS stimulant, is for once-a-day oral administration. The chemical designation for lisdexamfetamine dimesylate is (2S)-2,6-diamino-N-[(1S)-1-methyl-2-phenylethyl]-hexanamide dimethanesulfonate. The molecular formula is C17H33N3O7S2, which corresponds to a molecular weight of 455.59. The chemical structure is. Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate is a white to off-white powder that is soluble in water (986 mg/mL). Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate capsules contain 10 mg, 20 mg, 30 mg, 40 mg, 50 mg, 60 mg and 70 mg of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (equivalent to 5.8 mg, 11.6 mg, 17.3 mg, 23.1 mg, 28.9 mg, 34.7 mg, and 40.5 mg of lisdexamfetamine). Inactive ingredients: Microcrystalline cellulose, croscarmellose sodium, magnesium stearate, gelatin, titanium dioxide and sodium lauryl sulfate. The ink ingredients common for all strengths are shellac, propylene glycol, strong ammonia solution, black iron oxide and potassium hydroxide. Each strength capsule also contains colorant ingredients in the capsule shell as follows. 10 mg: FD&amp;C Red No. 320 mg: Iron Oxide Yellow30 mg: FD&amp;C Red No. 3 and FD&amp;C Yellow No. 640 mg: FD&amp;C Red No. 3 and FD&amp;C Blue No. 150 mg: FD&amp;C Red No. 3 and FD&amp;C Blue No. 160 mg: FD&amp;C Red No. 3 and FD&amp;C Blue No. 170 mg: FD&amp;C Blue No. 1 and D&amp;C Red 28.</Description>
  </NDC>
  <NDC>
    <NDCCode>43602-307-60</NDCCode>
    <PackageDescription>60 CAPSULE in 1 BOTTLE (43602-307-60) </PackageDescription>
    <NDC11Code>43602-0307-60</NDC11Code>
    <ProductNDC>43602-307</ProductNDC>
    <ProductTypeName>HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG</ProductTypeName>
    <ProprietaryName>Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate</ProprietaryName>
    <NonProprietaryName>Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate</NonProprietaryName>
    <DosageFormName>CAPSULE</DosageFormName>
    <RouteName>ORAL</RouteName>
    <StartMarketingDate>20230825</StartMarketingDate>
    <MarketingCategoryName>ANDA</MarketingCategoryName>
    <ApplicationNumber>ANDA217442</ApplicationNumber>
    <LabelerName>Ascent Pharmaceuticals, Inc.</LabelerName>
    <SubstanceName>LISDEXAMFETAMINE DIMESYLATE</SubstanceName>
    <StrengthNumber>20</StrengthNumber>
    <StrengthUnit>mg/1</StrengthUnit>
    <Pharm_Classes>Central Nervous System Stimulant [EPC], Central Nervous System Stimulation [PE]</Pharm_Classes>
    <DEASchedule>CII</DEASchedule>
    <Status>Deprecated</Status>
    <LastUpdate>2025-11-06</LastUpdate>
    <PackageNdcExcludeFlag>N</PackageNdcExcludeFlag>
    <ProductNdcExcludeFlag>N</ProductNdcExcludeFlag>
    <ListingRecordCertifiedThrough>20261231</ListingRecordCertifiedThrough>
    <StartMarketingDatePackage>20230825</StartMarketingDatePackage>
    <SamplePackage>N</SamplePackage>
    <IndicationAndUsage>Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate capsules are indicated for the treatment of: 1 Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in adults and pediatric patients 6 years and older [see Clinical Studies (14.1)], 2 Moderate to severe binge eating disorder (BED) in adults [see Clinical Studies (14.2)].</IndicationAndUsage>
    <Description>Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate, a CNS stimulant, is for once-a-day oral administration. The chemical designation for lisdexamfetamine dimesylate is (2S)-2,6-diamino-N-[(1S)-1-methyl-2-phenylethyl]-hexanamide dimethanesulfonate. The molecular formula is C17H33N3O7S2, which corresponds to a molecular weight of 455.59. The chemical structure is. Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate is a white to off-white powder that is soluble in water (986 mg/mL). Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate capsules contain 10 mg, 20 mg, 30 mg, 40 mg, 50 mg, 60 mg and 70 mg of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (equivalent to 5.8 mg, 11.6 mg, 17.3 mg, 23.1 mg, 28.9 mg, 34.7 mg, and 40.5 mg of lisdexamfetamine). Inactive ingredients: Microcrystalline cellulose, croscarmellose sodium, magnesium stearate, gelatin, titanium dioxide and sodium lauryl sulfate. The ink ingredients common for all strengths are shellac, propylene glycol, strong ammonia solution, black iron oxide and potassium hydroxide. Each strength capsule also contains colorant ingredients in the capsule shell as follows. 10 mg: FD&amp;C Red No. 320 mg: Iron Oxide Yellow30 mg: FD&amp;C Red No. 3 and FD&amp;C Yellow No. 640 mg: FD&amp;C Red No. 3 and FD&amp;C Blue No. 150 mg: FD&amp;C Red No. 3 and FD&amp;C Blue No. 160 mg: FD&amp;C Red No. 3 and FD&amp;C Blue No. 170 mg: FD&amp;C Blue No. 1 and D&amp;C Red 28.</Description>
  </NDC>
  <NDC>
    <NDCCode>43602-308-05</NDCCode>
    <PackageDescription>500 CAPSULE in 1 BOTTLE (43602-308-05) </PackageDescription>
    <NDC11Code>43602-0308-05</NDC11Code>
    <ProductNDC>43602-308</ProductNDC>
    <ProductTypeName>HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG</ProductTypeName>
    <ProprietaryName>Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate</ProprietaryName>
    <NonProprietaryName>Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate</NonProprietaryName>
    <DosageFormName>CAPSULE</DosageFormName>
    <RouteName>ORAL</RouteName>
    <StartMarketingDate>20230825</StartMarketingDate>
    <MarketingCategoryName>ANDA</MarketingCategoryName>
    <ApplicationNumber>ANDA217442</ApplicationNumber>
    <LabelerName>Ascent Pharmaceuticals, Inc.</LabelerName>
    <SubstanceName>LISDEXAMFETAMINE DIMESYLATE</SubstanceName>
    <StrengthNumber>30</StrengthNumber>
    <StrengthUnit>mg/1</StrengthUnit>
    <Pharm_Classes>Central Nervous System Stimulant [EPC], Central Nervous System Stimulation [PE]</Pharm_Classes>
    <DEASchedule>CII</DEASchedule>
    <Status>Deprecated</Status>
    <LastUpdate>2025-11-06</LastUpdate>
    <PackageNdcExcludeFlag>N</PackageNdcExcludeFlag>
    <ProductNdcExcludeFlag>N</ProductNdcExcludeFlag>
    <ListingRecordCertifiedThrough>20261231</ListingRecordCertifiedThrough>
    <StartMarketingDatePackage>20230825</StartMarketingDatePackage>
    <SamplePackage>N</SamplePackage>
    <IndicationAndUsage>Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate capsules are indicated for the treatment of: 1 Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in adults and pediatric patients 6 years and older [see Clinical Studies (14.1)], 2 Moderate to severe binge eating disorder (BED) in adults [see Clinical Studies (14.2)].</IndicationAndUsage>
    <Description>Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate, a CNS stimulant, is for once-a-day oral administration. The chemical designation for lisdexamfetamine dimesylate is (2S)-2,6-diamino-N-[(1S)-1-methyl-2-phenylethyl]-hexanamide dimethanesulfonate. The molecular formula is C17H33N3O7S2, which corresponds to a molecular weight of 455.59. The chemical structure is. Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate is a white to off-white powder that is soluble in water (986 mg/mL). Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate capsules contain 10 mg, 20 mg, 30 mg, 40 mg, 50 mg, 60 mg and 70 mg of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (equivalent to 5.8 mg, 11.6 mg, 17.3 mg, 23.1 mg, 28.9 mg, 34.7 mg, and 40.5 mg of lisdexamfetamine). Inactive ingredients: Microcrystalline cellulose, croscarmellose sodium, magnesium stearate, gelatin, titanium dioxide and sodium lauryl sulfate. The ink ingredients common for all strengths are shellac, propylene glycol, strong ammonia solution, black iron oxide and potassium hydroxide. Each strength capsule also contains colorant ingredients in the capsule shell as follows. 10 mg: FD&amp;C Red No. 320 mg: Iron Oxide Yellow30 mg: FD&amp;C Red No. 3 and FD&amp;C Yellow No. 640 mg: FD&amp;C Red No. 3 and FD&amp;C Blue No. 150 mg: FD&amp;C Red No. 3 and FD&amp;C Blue No. 160 mg: FD&amp;C Red No. 3 and FD&amp;C Blue No. 170 mg: FD&amp;C Blue No. 1 and D&amp;C Red 28.</Description>
  </NDC>
  <NDC>
    <NDCCode>43602-308-60</NDCCode>
    <PackageDescription>60 CAPSULE in 1 BOTTLE (43602-308-60) </PackageDescription>
    <NDC11Code>43602-0308-60</NDC11Code>
    <ProductNDC>43602-308</ProductNDC>
    <ProductTypeName>HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG</ProductTypeName>
    <ProprietaryName>Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate</ProprietaryName>
    <NonProprietaryName>Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate</NonProprietaryName>
    <DosageFormName>CAPSULE</DosageFormName>
    <RouteName>ORAL</RouteName>
    <StartMarketingDate>20230825</StartMarketingDate>
    <MarketingCategoryName>ANDA</MarketingCategoryName>
    <ApplicationNumber>ANDA217442</ApplicationNumber>
    <LabelerName>Ascent Pharmaceuticals, Inc.</LabelerName>
    <SubstanceName>LISDEXAMFETAMINE DIMESYLATE</SubstanceName>
    <StrengthNumber>30</StrengthNumber>
    <StrengthUnit>mg/1</StrengthUnit>
    <Pharm_Classes>Central Nervous System Stimulant [EPC], Central Nervous System Stimulation [PE]</Pharm_Classes>
    <DEASchedule>CII</DEASchedule>
    <Status>Deprecated</Status>
    <LastUpdate>2025-11-06</LastUpdate>
    <PackageNdcExcludeFlag>N</PackageNdcExcludeFlag>
    <ProductNdcExcludeFlag>N</ProductNdcExcludeFlag>
    <ListingRecordCertifiedThrough>20261231</ListingRecordCertifiedThrough>
    <StartMarketingDatePackage>20230825</StartMarketingDatePackage>
    <SamplePackage>N</SamplePackage>
    <IndicationAndUsage>Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate capsules are indicated for the treatment of: 1 Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in adults and pediatric patients 6 years and older [see Clinical Studies (14.1)], 2 Moderate to severe binge eating disorder (BED) in adults [see Clinical Studies (14.2)].</IndicationAndUsage>
    <Description>Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate, a CNS stimulant, is for once-a-day oral administration. The chemical designation for lisdexamfetamine dimesylate is (2S)-2,6-diamino-N-[(1S)-1-methyl-2-phenylethyl]-hexanamide dimethanesulfonate. The molecular formula is C17H33N3O7S2, which corresponds to a molecular weight of 455.59. The chemical structure is. Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate is a white to off-white powder that is soluble in water (986 mg/mL). Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate capsules contain 10 mg, 20 mg, 30 mg, 40 mg, 50 mg, 60 mg and 70 mg of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (equivalent to 5.8 mg, 11.6 mg, 17.3 mg, 23.1 mg, 28.9 mg, 34.7 mg, and 40.5 mg of lisdexamfetamine). Inactive ingredients: Microcrystalline cellulose, croscarmellose sodium, magnesium stearate, gelatin, titanium dioxide and sodium lauryl sulfate. The ink ingredients common for all strengths are shellac, propylene glycol, strong ammonia solution, black iron oxide and potassium hydroxide. Each strength capsule also contains colorant ingredients in the capsule shell as follows. 10 mg: FD&amp;C Red No. 320 mg: Iron Oxide Yellow30 mg: FD&amp;C Red No. 3 and FD&amp;C Yellow No. 640 mg: FD&amp;C Red No. 3 and FD&amp;C Blue No. 150 mg: FD&amp;C Red No. 3 and FD&amp;C Blue No. 160 mg: FD&amp;C Red No. 3 and FD&amp;C Blue No. 170 mg: FD&amp;C Blue No. 1 and D&amp;C Red 28.</Description>
  </NDC>
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